Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis

Consumer expectation in any medical experience influences whether how soon

and how often they seek care from which medical facility. High expectation from a

medical organization is a positive indicator of its reputation in the society and is very

important for attracting patients, whereas low expectation deters patients from taking

timely medical help, thus negatively affecting himself as well as the medical care

provider. However, a very high and unrealistic expectation may lead to dissatisfaction

despite reasonable good standards of medical practice (Mishra, 2014).

Satisfaction results when patients experience ready access to the right person at

the right time, no long wait, no equivocal answer when they're anxious, and a sense that

things are operating smoothly (Brown, 1993).

Hospitals have expanded in terms of availability of specialties, improved

technologies, facilities and increased competition and the expectations of patients and

their relatives have increased many fold.

Previously, there were very few government hospitals with no charge to the

patients. Hence, the expectations were also very minimal. But now, the scenario has

changed. The hospitals (even Govt.) have started charging the patient in the name of

user charges. Private hospital care cost has gone very high. With the advent of

Consumer Protection Act (1986), the patient’s expectation has also gone very high.

Now hospitals have to be very careful about patient dissatisfaction to avoid any

unnecessary litigation. Hospitals have evolved from being an isolated sanatorium to five

star facilities. The patients and their relatives coming to the hospital not only expect
world-class treatment, but also other facilities to make their stay comfortable in the

hospital. This change in expectation has come due to tremendous growth of media and

its exposure, as well as improvement in the facilities. Knowledge of expectation and the

factors affecting them, combined with knowledge of actual and perceived healthcare

quality, provides the necessary information for designing and implementing programs to

satisfy patients (Mishra, 2014).

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) present a challenge to the medical

professions; accurate diagnosis and treatment are often difficult. MSDs represent a

variety of possible underlying pathologies. Terms such as MSDs, cumulative trauma

disorders, and repetitive strain disorders are umbrella terms signifying a set of gradual-

onset, upper extremity disorders related to repetitive activities (e.g., work, sports, music,

or other physical tasks). The definition doesn’t include acute injuries from direct trauma.

The terms have the disadvantage of prejudging the origins of MSDs and in specific

instances are misleading or inaccurate. While it is likely that a set of MSDs result from

repetitive use with cumulatively accrued injury, this isn’t invariably the case. Also,

underlying the debate on MSDs is an unstated assumption on the part of some that work

is inherently risky, leading inevitably to chronic musculoskeletal dysfunction. This is

unfortunate, since there is good evidence that, in general, work activity promotes good

physical and psychological health. The issue facing MSD practitioners is to define with

clarity potentially injurious situations and to help employers and patients identify useful,

injury-preventing alternatives (Duncan et al., 1997).

A wide range of conditions may be considered as MSDs, including peripheral

entrapment neuropathies (carpal or cubital tunnel syndrome), tenosynovitis,

epicondylitis, ganglion cysts, myalgias, myofascial pain syndrome, and others. In a

review of MSD literature, Moore (1994) found that the great majority of MSDs involve the

muscle-tendon unit (e.g., tenosynovitis and myofascial pain syndromes). MSDs of

nerves, joints, and the vasculature are less common, but as a group they have more

serious implications in terms of patient morbidity.

In individual studies, researchers have developed specific criteria for MSD

diagnoses (Silverstein, Fine, & Armstrong, 1986; Silverstein, Fine, & Stetson, 1987).

Research definitions for MSDs typically use both inclusion and exclusion criteria and

define a characteristic period and frequency within which symptoms must manifest.

Exclusion criteria exclude cases due to acute injury or no occupational conditions.

Typical inclusion criteria include the presence of persistent symptoms (1 week or longer,

or occurring 20 or more times in 1 year); characteristic physical examination signs of

muscle, tendon, or nerve disorders; and onset of symptoms occurring during work on the

job in question. Examples of case exclusion criteria are evidence of acute traumatic

onset of symptoms or of systemic disease that could explain the worker’s symptoms.

A study was conducted about the burden of major musculoskeletal conditions

(Woolf & Pfleger, 2003). A combination of the factors discussed by the World Health

Organization explains the high prevalence of MSDs found alongside other long-term

conditions as part of multimorbidity. For example, it has been shown that among English

primary care patients over 45 years of age, reporting living with a major long-term

condition, almost a third also have a musculoskeletal condition. Moreover, among those

aged >65 years, almost half of those with a heart, lung or mental health problem, also

had a MSD. In the most deprived populations, painful conditions such as osteoarthritis

and back pain are the most common multimorbidities among those already living with

heart disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cancer.

(http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/81/9/Woolf.pdf)

Patients with musculoskeletal conditions are often admitted to hospital following

an exacerbation of their disease or due to a need for surgery. In conjunction with other

team members, the role of physical therapy is to facilitate safe and effective discharge
from hospital. This may be achieved by restoring functional independence in ambulation

and transfers, improving muscle strength and range of movement, and providing

symptom relief (APA, 2005).

Patient satisfaction is an attitude – a person’s general orientation towards a total

experience of health care. Satisfaction comprises both cognitive and emotional facets

and relates to previous experiences, expectations and social networks (Keegan et al,

2002). Meredith and Wood (1995) have described patient satisfaction as ‘emergent and

fluid’. Satisfaction is achieved when the patient/client’s perception of the quality of care

and services that they receive in healthcare setting has been positive, satisfying, and

meets their expectations.

Patient satisfaction can be defined as fulfillment or meeting of expectations of a

person from a service or product. When a patient comes to a hospital, he has a preset

image of the various aspects of the hospital as per the reputation and cost involved.

Although, their main expectation is getting cured and going back to their work, but there

are other factors, which affect their satisfaction. Sometimes, they might have rated a

hospital very low on the basis of information, they have got from different sources, but

they find it above their expectation and they are satisfied. Similarly, if they have got a

very high expectation from a hospital, but if they find it below their expectation, they will

not be satisfied (Mishra, 2014).

"Patient satisfaction is different depending on whether you’re the provider, the

patient or the payer. Like the three blind men describing the elephant, it depends on

what part of the elephant each is seeing at the time." It believes that patients use

surrogates of quality to evaluate the total health care experience. These surrogates, a

friendly greeting, a comfortable office, a reasonable wait, and a caring attitude, stand in

for the clinical characteristics such as diagnostic skill or surgical technique that patients

are unable to judge (Brown, 1993).

 Patient satisfaction is determined by whether patients show up for appointments

and pay their bills. These actions, he says are symptoms of an "ongoing established

relationship" (Brown, 1993).

Patients are individuals or any recipient who have disorders that require health

care interventions given by advanced practice registered nurse, physical therapist,

physician, physician assistant, psychologist, pediatrist, veterinarian, or other health care

provider to improve their function (Pagliarulo, 2016).

Every patient needs fulfillment on certain needs which are given by health care

providers in which they must attain the highest level of satisfaction of a patient. Level of

satisfaction is a term used to describe the degree of the health care factors needed to

meet the requirements for the well-being of the patients in Physical Therapy

Rehabilitation Centers about the services implemented in the organization. In this study,

the level of satisfaction are categorized as fully satisfied, satisfied, moderate,

dissatisfied, and totally dissatisfied (Lazaro, 2006).

Patients have this certain health needs or necessities in which they consult

health care providers or services like hospitals and rehabilitation centers to attain

satisfaction where it describes an individual’s feelings of pleasure or disappointment

resulting from comparing their perceptions of a product or service’s performance to their

expectation levels. It is the act of fulfilling a need, desire, or appetite, or the feeling

gained from such fulfillment (Kotler and Keller, 2006).

Physical therapy is a health profession concerned with maximizing mobility and

quality of life by using clinical reasoning to select and apply the appropriate treatment.

All physical therapy interventions are provided on the basis of scientific knowledge,

evidence and clinical expert opinion, thorough assessment, diagnosis, and ongoing

evaluation. The management of the multitude of diagnostic entities under the banner of
arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions falls squarely within the scope of physical

therapy practice (APA, 2005).

Physical therapy can be used to alleviate the symptoms associated with these

conditions such as pain, stiffness and muscle weakness. This is achieved by drawing

upon a range of non-pharmacological modalities, including exercise therapy (land and

water based), self-management and education, joint mobilization, electrotherapy, and

provision of joint protection devices (APA, 2005).

Physical activity is important for maintenance of healthy weight and decreasing

overall morbidity from a number of conditions, including cardiovascular disease and

diabetes. Muscle weakness, pain, and joint stiffness associated with arthritis can often

limit the choices of physical activity (American College of Sports Medicine 2000, 2001).

Physical therapists are highly skilled in exercise prescription and as such, play a key role

in the design, delivery and implementation of exercise programs for the management of

these disorders. Physical therapists can design appropriate modifications so that the

benefit of increased physical activity is achieved without aggravating the coexisting

musculoskeletal problems. Appropriate exercise also plays a vital role in prevention and

early intervention.

Self-management education programs have been advocated as an integral

component of the management of chronic disease. Physical therapists can provide

informal and formal programs to promote and encourage self-management. This could

include addressing lifestyle changes and facilitating skills and confidence to make daily

decisions to cope with the disease. Chronic disease self-management programs have

been shown to improve health status and reduce health care utilization (Lorig et al

1999). Physical therapy treatment consisting of manual therapy, specific exercise

training, and education focusing on the neurophysiology of pain has shown to be

effective in producing functional and symptomatic improvement in patients with chronic

low back pain (Moseley, 2002).

Physical therapists use specific mobilization techniques to increase range of

movement in joints and to provide pain relief. Most guidelines and systematic reviews

suggest there is sufficient evidence for spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) improving

clinical outcomes for acute low back pain, particularly in comparison to treatments such

as heat, exercise, massage and placebo (APA Low Back Pain Position Statement 2002).

SMT is not recommended as a first line treatment for chronic LBP. There has been

limited research regarding the effectiveness of manual therapy on osteoarthritis.

Walking aids (sticks, crutches and frames) are used to reduce loading forces on

the joint and hence provide pain relief and improve mobility. Various braces and splints

can provide stability by reducing excessive joint mobility, resulting in improved function.

Several international guidelines recommend the prescription of gait aids for knee OA,

based on the assessment of individual patient’s needs (Jordan et al., 2003).

Modalities such as ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

(TENS) and thermotherapy (heat and cold therapy) are used occasionally as an adjunct

in the treatment of symptoms associated with arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions.

There are a limited number of high quality published studies evaluating the use of

electrophysical agents in clinical practice. Systematic reviews have supported the use of

TENS for the treatment of pain in knee OA (Osiri et al., 2005). Another systematic review

of three randomized controlled trials has shown that cold packs are effective in reducing

swelling in knee osteoarthritis (Brosseau et al., 2003).

Residents of the Philippines can access physical therapy services through

referral by their primary care physician if they are not hospital in patients. The outpatient

clinics are mostly affiliated to a major hospital that employs physiatrists (doctors of

rehabilitation medicine). They evaluate the patient and prescribe both medical and
physical therapy prescriptions. Further medical testing such as imaging, lab tests and

medication prescriptions are accomplished during the initial visits. Physical therapy

prescriptions include the modalities, treatment frequency, and duration. The patients

then bring the prescription to the physical therapist who performs the evaluation and the

prescribed treatment. The second method of access is for the hospital in patients.

Following surgery or any other medical illness, the patient will be referred to the Rehab

department. The physiatrist will be the first responder performing evaluation and writing

rehabilitation prescription. The acute care physical therapist will then conduct the PT

evaluation and the prescribed treatment regimen. The last method of PT access is

through private care. Through private pay negotiation, the patient gets to be seen at

home without the need for primary care or physiatrist prescription. There are small

outpatient clinics run and operated by the physical therapists (http://www.physio-

pedia.com/Philippines).

In the Philippine setting, there are insufficient literatures and studies that cover

about physical therapy treatments. However, based on the advertisements of the

different physical therapy clinics in La Union, physical therapists provide treatment

including stretching and strengthening exercises; use of heating modalities like hot moist

pack, ultrasound, paraffin wax bath, infrared radiation, and microwave diathermy;

cryotherapy, spinal and lumbar traction, use of different types of electrical stimulators

such as functional electrical stimulator, transcutaneous electrical stimulators,

neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and joint mobilization in managing musculoskeletal

disorders.

Within the local setting, only a limited amount of studies and literatures regarding

these physical therapy treatments.

This study will benefit the rehabilitation centers of the different hospitals in La

Union in promoting excellent rehabilitation services among the patients with

musculoskeletal conditions. This study aims to determine the patient’s rating of their care

experienced based on what they did or did not experience in their interaction in obtaining

health care. Patient satisfaction surveys can help gauge patient’s perceptions of practice

services and functions. This study is invaluable means for improving communication

between providers and patients and engaging patients in their care.

The study is of importance to the physical therapist in understanding what are the

treatments and procedures that is most satisfying for the patient with musculoskeletal

problems.

It is poised to play an important role to the patients in determining their wants and

their needs to be satisfied on the services given by physical therapist in different

hospitals in La Union. This study is also beneficial to patient expectation and level of

satisfaction in hospital structure and function of the medical health care system. This

study is again important to patients for them to measure the quality of facilities and

services given by health care providers in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, optimality,

accessibility, legitimacy and equity in providing health care services in the rehabilitation

centers of the different hospitals in La Union.

This study is significant to the students, instructors and researchers in learning

more about the things that may promote a high level of satisfaction to patients with

musculoskeletal conditions regarding to physical therapy treatments, services, and

facilities given by the different hospital here in La Union. Moreover, this research will

provide recommendations on how to evaluate the performance of a certain institution in

accordance to physical therapy services.

The purpose of this study is to survey the satisfaction of patient with

musculoskeletal condition receiving physical therapy management from tertiary hospital

in la union. This study will measure the quality of care in patients with musculoskeletal
condition wherein it helps the patient to overlook on the costs of services, the quality of

care delivered and the impact of the treatment facilities on improving their quality of life.

The result of the study focus on achieving high or excellent ratings of patient

satisfaction to improve the quality of service delivery among the patient, therefore

physical therapist need to characterize the factors influencing patient satisfaction which

are used to assess the quality of healthcare delivery.

Theoretical Framework

Over the years, researchers have gathered substantiate evidence and developed

various theories of patient satisfaction. Such theories visualize patient satisfaction from

different angles. Following are the theories of patient satisfaction that illustrate the

association of patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes, healthcare environment, and

healthcare provider power.

Expectancy-value theory of Linder-Pelz (1982) postulated that satisfaction was

mediated by personal beliefs and values about care as well as prior expectations about

care. Linder-Pelz identified the important relationship between expectations and

variance in satisfaction ratings and offered an operational definition for patient

satisfaction as “positive evaluations of distinct dimensions of healthcare”. The Linder-

Pelz model was developed by Pascoe (1983) to consider the influence of expectations

on satisfaction and then further developed by Strasser et al. (1993) to create a six-factor

psychological model: cognitive and affective perception formation; multidimensional

construct; dynamic process; attitudinal response; iterative; and ameliorated by individual

difference.(how this theory leads to the study)

Performance theory by Oliver & Desabro suggests that patient’s satisfaction is

not affected by prior patient expectations at all. Actual performance and the treatment
outcome effectively affect patient satisfaction. Actual performance will overwhelm any

psychological response tendencies related to expectations (1998). Higher patient

satisfaction can be expected to result in a better clinical outcome and lower patient

satisfaction is associated with poor clinical outcomes (Oliver & Desabro, 1998).

Basically, what the theory means is, though patients have expectations, level of patient

satisfaction is influenced highly by the quality of care provided and the outcomes of the

care. Patient’s pretreatment expectations cannot inhibit the level of patient satisfaction,

as it is overcome by the high-quality care offered and a superior treatment outcome.

Fulfillment theory by Linder-Pelz views patient satisfaction in a somewhat

different way from performance theory. This theory contends that patient satisfaction is

the difference between actual outcome and some other ideal or other desired outcomes.

This theory hypothesizes that satisfaction would vary positively with the extent to which

perceived outcomes concurred with the pretreatment expectations (1982). The patient’s

perception on whether the outcome of a treatment is either good or bad is based on the

expectations the patient had before treatment and would influence the patient’s

satisfaction. This means that there would be positive satisfaction if the outcome of the

treatment matched with the pretreatment expectations of the patient.

The Primary Provider Theory by Aragon contends that patient satisfaction occurs

at the nexus of provider power and patient expectations. It is principally the function of

an underlying network of interrelated satisfaction constructs satisfaction with the primary

provider, the amount of time a patient must wait for the provider, and satisfaction with

the provider’s assistant. According to this theory primary providers offer the greatest

clinical utility to patients (2003). The theory is mainly operated by patient centered

measures exclusively, where only patients judge the quality for service and other

judgments are totally irrelevant. So, this theory concludes that patient’s level of

satisfaction is inherently influenced by the primary care provider.

 These theories suggest that the factors mentioned in these theories together with

various other influencing factors were integrated in the patient satisfaction instrument.

The first three theories, Performance Theory, Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory and

Fulfillment Theory mainly focus on the treatment outcome in a patient, irrespective of

patient’s prior expectations. Social Equity Theory talks about patients being treated

equally. According to Primary Provider Theory, patient satisfaction is influenced by the

primary provider, waiting time, and the staff assisting the provider.

The above-mentioned theories in correlation to patient’s level of satisfaction as to

Physical Therapy explains that it is based on what is the patient’s subjective responses

to experience care mediated by their personal preferences and expectations about care

from where it is judged based on the quality in all its aspects including the facility,

services and treatment provided, but in particularly in relation to the interpersonal

component of care.

(after theories concepts showed be introduced briefly) to follow concepts here!!!

An Input-Process-Output model was used as shown in Figure 1. The input

variables included the level of satisfaction of patients with musculoskeletal conditions

along hospital management, facilities and equipment, physical therapy program and the

most and least satisfied physical therapy management. These input variables were

analyzed in the process to establish the level of satisfaction of patients with

musculoskeletal conditions along hospital management, facilities and equipment,

physical therapy program and the most and least satisfied physical therapy

management.

Results of the analysis of the interplay of the input and process variables lead to

an output. This serves as the basis for the formulation of measures to enhance the level

of satisfaction.
 Input Process Output

1. Data Analysis of the

1. Level of Satisfaction
following:
of patients with
a. Level of Satisfaction of
musculoskeletal
patients with
conditions along
musculoskeletal
a. hospital
conditions along
management Propose measures to
hospital management
b. facilities and enhance the level of
facilities
equipment satisfaction
b. Most and least
c. physical therapy
c. satisfied physical
program
therapy management
2. Most and least
2. Formulation of
satisfied physical
measures to enhance
therapy management
the level of satisfaction

Feedback
 Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the satisfaction on the physical therapy

management among patients with musculoskeletal conditions in selected hospital in La

Union.

It specifically aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of satisfaction on the physical therapy management

among patients with musculoskeletal conditions along:

a. Hospital Management

b. Facilities and Equipment

c. Physical Therapy Program

2. What are the most and least satisfied in physical therapy management of

patients with musculoskeletal condition?

3. What measures to propose to enhance the level satisfaction on the

physical therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal

conditions?

Hypotheses

The following hypothesis of the study.

1. The level of satisfaction the physical therapy management among patients with

musculoskeletal conditions along hospital management, facilities and equipment is

very satisfactory while physical therapy program is satisfaction

2. The most satisfied physical therapy management are along hospital management

and physical therapy program while the least satisfied is the facilities and equipment
3. A measure can be proposed to enhance the level of satisfaction on the physical

therapy management among patients with musculoskeletal conditions.

Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology that was used by the researchers in the

conduct of the study. Specifically includes the research design the locale and population

of the study, data gathering tool, data gathering procedures and treatment of data.

Research Design

This study used a descriptive method of research. The study used the descriptive

method of research designed to determine the level of satisfaction of patients with

musculoskeletal condition towards physical therapy. Utilized research and survey as way

to obtain descriptive method using the tertiary level of hospital level in la union.

Descriptive method attempts to describe and explain conditions of present by

using many subjects, questionnaires, checklist to fully describe the phenomenon, make

judgements and justify, analyzes the gathered results of data and information

It helps to provide answers to the question of who what when where and how it

os associated with a particular and specific research problem. In this study, the designed

determined and described the levels of satisfaction of patients with musculoskeletal

conditions in the physical therapy on tertiary hospitals in la union. Further, the design

used to identify the most and least satisfied physical therapy management.

Population and Locale of the Study

The study was conducted in different Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Centers in

selected hospitals in La Union that include Ilocos Training Regional Medical Center

(ITRMC), Lorma Medical Center (LMC), Bethany Hospital, and Agoo Family Hospital for

the School Year 2017-2018.

The respondents composed of total enumeration of 30 patients from the 5

different Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Centers who came for treatment for

musculoskeletal conditions.

Data Gathering Tool

To acquire the data needed, the principal data gathering instrument used is a

research-made questionnaire found in (see Appendix F). The indications of the

questionnaire were based from various sources on the internet, and journals. The

questionnaire consists of only one part which determines the level of satisfaction of the

patient towards physical therapy as to service, treatment, and facilities.

To determine the validity of the tool, it was presented and critic by panel of

experts: Conception Bautista, RN, MAN, Dr. Jovencio Balino and Mr. Kaypee

Colet,PTRP. Their comments and suggestions where incorporated in the final draft.

To establish the reliability of the tool pretest was conducted in Baguio General Hospital.

Chronbach’s Alpha was used with a co-efficient result of 0.947588489 which means

highly reliable.
 The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was subjected to the

evaluation of a panel of validators composed of three (3) experts from physical therapy

clinical practitioners, and the Psychometrician of the school. Comments and suggestions

for improvement from the validators were included in the making of the final draft of the

questionnaire.

To test the reliability the researcher-made questionnaire, it was pre-tested to 10

patients with musculoskeletal conditions in Baguio General Hospital; Cronbach’s Alpha

was used in determining the reliability of the questionnaire. The results and interpretation

of the Cronbach’s Alpha is found in Appendix G.

Data Gathering Procedure

In gathering the data, the researchers asked the permission from the head of the

clinic in allowing them to conduct said research, the researcher also asked for the

respondents consent before floating the research-made questionnaire. Interviews were

also conducted by the researchers to substantial and verify the results.

The survey questionnaires were floated by the researchers on scheduled dates

during the first semester school year 2017-2018. Patient underwent an orientation by

means of explaining the contents of the questionnaires on a given amount of time.

These were distributed personally to the participants by the researchers to ensure the

accuracy of the answers. Through the personal distribution of the questionnaires, the

researchers were able to address vagueness and queries of the participants. The

researchers personally retrieved the accomplished questionnaires. After retrieving the

accomplished questionnaires, the researchers were subjected to thorough and scientific

data processing.
Treatment of Data

After the questionnaire were collated and tallied, data were processed using the

different statistical tools and techniques identified below. The data were recorded and

presented in tables in an effort to present the data accurately.

To determine the level of satisfaction of the patient with musculoskeletal

conditions as to physical therapy treatment, facilities & treatment, the weighted mean

and ranking was utilized.

The formula for weighted mean is shown below:

∑(fx)
WM =
N

Wherein:

∑(fx) = Summation of the products of frequency count and ratings

WM = Weighted Mean

N= Total number of Respondents

To have an objective description of the respondents on the levels of satisfaction

of patients with musculoskeletal conditions in the Physical Therapy on tertiary hospitals

in La Union, the following scales were for interpretation.

Scale Weighted Mean Descriptive Equivalent

5 4.20 – 5.00 Fully satisfied

4 3.40 – 4.19 Satisfied

3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderate

 2 1.80 – 2.59 Dissatisfied

1 1.00 – 1.79 Totally dissatisfied

To determine the most and least satisfied in physical therapy management of

patients with musculoskeletal condition, item with a weighted mean of 3.40 and above is

considered as “most satisfied” and an item with weighted mean of 3.39 and below, is

considered as “least satisfied”.

Chapter III

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents analysis and interprets the data findings or results based

on the sub-problem that was set at the outset of the study. Each section in the chapter is

labeled according to the subject area covering each sub-problem.

Satisfaction in the Physical Therapy Managements among Patients with

Musculoskeletal Condition

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Table 1. Satisfaction in the Physical Therapy managements among patients with

musculoskeletal condition Along Hospital Management

Indications WM DE

1. Waiting time before treatment 4.61 Fully satisfied

2. Comfort in the waiting area 4.50 Fully satisfied

3. Timely response given by the physical therapist 4.64 Fully satisfied

4. Interaction with the physical therapists 4.79 Fully satisfied

(approachable at all times)
5. Available space of the treatment area 4.46 Fully satisfied

6. Availability of services given in physical therapy 4.68 Fully satisfied

management
7. Eligibility and competitiveness of the physical 4.71 Fully satisfied
therapist during treatment
8. Ease of access going to the PT rehab 4.64 Fully satisfied

9. Appropriate amount of service charge to the 4.75 Fully satisfied

treatment given (Bill)
10. Overall service of the hospital 4.68 Fully satisfied

AWM 4.65 Fully satisfied

Legend: WM – Weighted Mean; DE – Descriptive Equivalent; AWM - Average Weighted

Mean

Table 1 shows the level of satisfaction on the physical therapy management

along hospital management. The table reveals that all the indications are described fully

satisfied.

Specifically, interaction with the physical therapy got the highest weighted mean

of 4.79 described as fully satisfied. This measures that the respondents and the physical

therapist established good communication action scheme. The physical therapist were

very accommodating and friendly that patients can be able to verbalize their feelings and

needs.

The findings implies that the physical therapy and patients creates a strong

positive relationship and affective communication action.

The level of satisfaction towards hospital management is fully satisfied with a

mean of 4.65. This indicates that the patients are contented as to most of the hospital

management which shows that the hospital provides services that is beneficiary to all

patients.
 On the other hand, comfort in the waiting area was ranked as the lowest with the

mean of 4.50 but is still considered as fully satisfied, due inadequate comfort and

ventilation of the waiting area that is not suitable to some of the patients’ fulfillment.

Similar to other studies, our findings also showed that waiting area is among the factors

causing much dissatisfaction and that they can be reduced by trying to create a neat

environment. The literature indicates that the comfort of the waiting room and

cleanliness of the environment are also important to patient satisfaction factors in the US

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3051889/).

Table 2. Satisfaction in the Physical Therapy Managements among Patients with

Musculoskeletal Condition along Physical Therapy Facilities and Equipment

Indications WM DE

1. Availability of ramps and stairs for person with 4.64 Fully satisfied
disabilities
2. Availability of facilities in the hospital/clinic (water 4.04 Satisfied
in the comfort room, electricity, etc.)
3. Cleanliness and orderliness of the clinic 3.75 Satisfied

4. Accessibility of a reliable internet connection (Wi- 1.96 Dissatisfied

Fi)
5. Proper lighting of treatment area/clinic 4.36 Fully satisfied

6. Proper ventilation of the treatment area 4.11 Satisfied

7. Functionality and availability of 4.50 Fully satisfied

machines/equipment/modalities
8. Availability and accessibility of treatment 4.25 Fully satisfied
areas/bed
9. Cleanliness and accessibility of comfort rooms 4.11 Satisfied

10. Overall satisfaction towards physical therapy 4.32 Fully satisfied

facilities and equipment
AWM 4.00 Satisfied
Legend: WM – Weighted Mean; DE – Descriptive Equivalent; AWM - Average Weighted

Mean

Table 2 shows the level of satisfaction on the physical therapy management

along Facilities and Equipment. The table reveals that some of the indications are

described fully satisfied, satisfied and dissatisfied.

Specifically, Accessibility of a reliable internet connection (Wi-Fi) got the lowest

weighted mean of 1.96 described as dissatisfied. Due to the unavailability of internet

connection on some of the hospitals. In Government hospital have no Wi-Fi due to the

installation costs, but sometimes it is also attributed to medical reasons and less priority

issue. Hospital is different in many ways, some hospital focuses and prioritize

healthcare, and hygiene and security are priorities. In Private hospital uses wi-fi for

having reliable access to the internet has huge potential to improve the healthcare

experience for patients themselves, from appointment reminders to increasing

connection to the outside world during hospital stays. Wi-Fi in healthcare enhances

communication with friends and family, provides entertainment, permits access to the

workplace and generally reduces a feeling of isolation.

(https://www.itproportal.com/2015/06/13/how-wifi-changing-healthcare-industry/.

This measures that accessibility of a reliable internet connection (Wi-Fi) has a

poor satisfactory.

The level of satisfaction towards physical therapy facilities and equipment were

ranked as the lowest with a mean of 4.00. This means that the patients were only

satisfied in response to the equipment and facilities which were used for the treatment

and patient’s comfort. Some patients stated that the cleanliness of the clinic was poor

due to lack of discipline of other patients.

 Availability of ramps and stairs for person with disabilities was ranked as the

highest with the mean of 4.64 which indicates that patients have access to ramps and

stairs which is favorable to their condition. It implies that Stairs and ramps should be

constructed to be within limits recognized as offering safe and convenient passage and

designed so that any person who is likely to use them can do so comfortably and safely,

with the minimum amount of difficulty.

Table 3. Satisfaction in the Physical Therapy managements among patients with

musculoskeletal condition along Physical Therapy Program

Indications WM DE

1. Strict implementation of appointment/treatment 4.75 Fully satisfied

time
2. Proper handling of patient/client before, during 4.79 Fully satisfied
and after exercise
3. Approachability of the Physical Therapist in the 4.86 Fully satisfied
hospital or clinic
4. Privacy during treatment (properly covered) 4.79 Fully satisfied

5. Physical Therapist care before, during and after 4.86 Fully satisfied
applying modalities
6. Demonstrates expertise in treatment techniques 4.79 Fully satisfied
(professionalism, ability, skill)
7. Clarity, simplicity, understandable instructions are 4.86 Fully satisfied
given during exercise
8. Comfort before, during and after treatment on the 4.79 Fully satisfied
treatment area
9. Given the appropriate knowledge about the effects 4.71 Fully satisfied
of the modality used
10. Overall care of the Physical Therapy 4.75 Fully satisfied

AWM 4.80 Fully satisfied

Legend: WM - Weighted Mean; DE - Descriptive Equivalent; AWM - Average Weighted

Mean
 Table 3 shows the level of satisfaction on the physical therapy management

along Physical therapy program. The table reveals that all the indications are described

fully satisfied.

Specifically, Approachability of the Physical Therapist in the hospital or clinic.,

Physical Therapist care before, during and after applying modalities., and Clarity,

simplicity, understandable instructions are given during exercise got the highest

weighted mean of 4.86 described as fully satisfied. This measures that the respondents

and the physical therapist established good communication action scheme. The physical

therapist were very accommodating and friendly that patients can be able to verbalize

their feelings and needs. The Physical therapist shows the care throughout the

management and simplify the task thru modifications that can help the patient learn the

task faster and lessen the frustration to prevent the discouragement.

The finding implies that the physical therapy and patients creates a strong

positive relationship and affective communication action.

As for the level of satisfaction towards physical therapy program, patients were

fully satisfied with a mean of 4.80. As a result, patient shows promising response to the

physical therapy treatment that is favorable to their condition and medical needs.

Approachability of the physical therapist in the hospital or clinic, physical therapist care

before, during and after applying modalities, and clarity, simplicity, understandable

instructions are given during exercise were ranked as the highest with a mean of 4.86

which have the highest grading in all the given choices. It is because patient shows

gratification in the effectiveness and efficiency of physical therapy program that were

provided by the physical therapist which is essential for the patient. Some of the

interviewed patients said that they feel more relieved. A cross-sectional survey study

was conducted on a sample of 150 patients receiving physical therapy treatment using a

self-administered questionnaire. This was followed by a focus group discussion. Results

indicated that most patients were satisfied with the treatment received. Information on

selected correlates of patient satisfaction such as physical therapist-related factors,

patient-related factors, nature of the physical therapist –patient interaction,

professionalism of the service provided, and the logistics of the treatment environment

was discussed. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013702514000256).

The lowest on the rank is “given the appropriate knowledge about the effects of

the modality used” with the mean of 4.71, which is still considered as fully satisfied,

because some physical therapist forget to explain the effects of the modalities or the

benefits of the exercises or treatment given.

Summary Table on the Satisfaction on Physical Therapy Management with

Patients with Musculoskeletal Condition.

Table 4. Summary on the Satisfaction on the Physical Therapy Management

among Patients with Musculoskeletal Conditions

Indications AWM DE
A. Level of satisfaction towards Hospital 4.65 Fully satisfied
Management
B. Level of satisfaction towards Physical 4.00 Satisfied
therapy facilities and equipment
C. Level of satisfaction towards Physical 4.80 Fully satisfied
Therapy Program
Legend: WM - Weighted Mean; DE - Descriptive Equivalent; OTWM – Overall Average

Weighted Mean

The level of satisfaction of patients towards hospital management, facilities and

equipment, and physical therapy program. The overall total weighted mean is 4.48 which

is described as “fully satisfied” as to hospital management, facilities and equipment, and

towards physical therapy program. This indicates that patients are very pleased on the

rendered services that were suitable for their needs and fulfillment of medical care from

the physical therapy. According to Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, their study

indicated that 60% of patients were highly satisfied, whereas 29.3% were moderately

satisfied with the physical therapy service. Such a high level of satisfaction may mean

that the physical therapy service is of good standard or that patient expectations of care

are low. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013702514000256).

The Most and Least Satisfied as to Physical Therapy Management among Patients

with Musculoskeletal Conditions

Table 5. The Most and Least Satisfied as to Physical Therapy Management along

Hospital Management

WM WM
Indications
MS LS

1. Comfort in the waiting area 4.50

2. Interaction with the physical therapists (approachable at all 4.79

times)
3. Available space of the treatment area 4.46

4. Availability of services given in physical therapy management 4.68

5. Eligibility and competitiveness of the physical therapist during 4.71

treatment
6. Appropriate amount of service charge to the treatment given 4.75
(Bill)
7. Overall service of the hospital 4.68

AWM 4.65
Table 6. The most and least satisfied as to Physical Therapy Management along

facilities and equipment.

WM WM

Indications MS LS

1. Availability of facilities in the hospital/clinic (water 4.04

in the comfort room, electricity, etc.)
2. Cleanliness and orderliness of the clinic 3.75

3. Accessibility of a reliable internet connection (Wi- 1.96

Fi)
4. Proper ventilation of the treatment area 4.11

5. Cleanliness and accessibility of comfort rooms 4.11

AWM 4.65

Legend: WM - Weighted Mean; MS –Most satisfied; LS –Least satisfied

Almost all the criteria given were considered as most satisfactory for patients that

are receiving services from Physical Therapy. There were only five from the criteria that

were considered as least satisfactory, these criteria came from the category of facilities

and equipment.

Table 7. the most and least satisfied as to Physical Therapy Management along

physical therapy program.

WM WM
Indications
MS LS

1. Approachability of the Physical Therapist in the 4.86

hospital or clinic
2. Physical Therapist care before, during and after 4.86
applying modalities
3. Clarity, simplicity, understandable instructions 4.86
are given during exercise
AWM 4.80

PROPOSED MEASUREMENTS TO ENHANCE THE SATISFACTION

ON PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS
WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS

The result of the study focus on achieving high or excellent ratings of patient

satisfaction to improve the quality of service delivery among the patient, therefore

physical therapist need to characterize the factors influencing patient satisfaction which

are used to assess the quality of healthcare delivery.

The basis of the proposed measurements to enhance the satisfaction on physical

therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal conditions were the findings along

the least satisfactory among physical therapy managements.

The criteria with a weighted mean of 4.19 (1.96) and below was considered as

least satisfactory. The criteria that had the lowest ranking from the categories of Hospital

Management, Modalities and Equipment, and Physical Therapy Program were also

considered as an indicator that were contributory to the satisfaction of the patient.

The proposed measurements to enhance the satisfaction on physical therapy

management of patients with musculoskeletal conditions are as follows:

Hospital Management

1. Provide more space on treatment areas to promote comfortability of the patient.

2. Provide entertainment such as television or radio on waiting areas to entertain the

patients/clients while they are waiting for their name to be called.

Modalities and Equipment

1. Provide internet connections for patients, this will promote entertainment to patients

that have long treatment time.

2. Cleanliness and orderliness of the clinic.

3. Keep the clinic and comfort room clean by means of doing “after care” every after

treatment, post signage and printouts in comfort room to promote awareness of the

patient, and provide a considerable amount of trash cans needed.

4. Offer proper ventilation of the treatment area to foster the comfortability of the patient

during treatment sessions.

Physical Therapy Program

1. Educate the patient about what is/are the effect(s) of the modalities or exercised

used or done. This can boost the motivation of patients in getting better.
 Chapter IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the research problem, methodology,

findings and conclusions drawn from the findings as well as the recommendations are

made. This study measures patient’s satisfaction with physical therapy management of

musculoskeletal condition in selected hospitals in La Union.

Summary

This study aimed to determine the patient’s satisfaction with physical therapy

management of musculoskeletal condition in selected hospitals in La Union. The findings

are as follows:

Findings of the study

1. Patients are fully satisfied as to hospital management and to the effectiveness and

efficiency of the physical therapy program given by the physical therapists and are

satisfied towards the facilities and equipment used and provided by the physical

therapy.

2. Almost all the indicators were considered as most satisfied on the Physical Therapy

Management among patients with musculoskeletal condition.

3. Measures were purposed to enhance the level of satisfaction on physical therapy

management of patients with musculoskeletal condtions.

Conclusions

Based on the findings the following were made:

1. Patients are contented as to most of the hospital management which shows that the

hospital provides services that is beneficiary to all patients. Some patients are not

that satisfied on the quality of the facilities of the clinic and the availability of the

modalities and equipment needed. Patients show promising response to the physical

therapy treatment that is favorable to their condition and medical needs.

2. Patients with musculoskeletal conditions are contended with the services of the

Physical therapy management of the hospital management which shows that the

hospital provides services that is beneficiary to all patients. Some patients are not

that satisfied on the quality of the facilities of the clinic and the availability of the

modalities and equipment needed. Patients show promising response to the physical

therapy treatment that is favorable to their condition and medical needs.

3. Most of the criteria were satisfactory for the patients that were receiving physical

therapy management. There are more most satisfied indicators than the least

satisfied indicators

4. The proposed measures can enhance the level of satisfaction on the Physical

therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal conditions.

Recommendations

INDUCTION===

1. The physical therapists are encouraged to device the stated proposed

measurements.

2. The proposed measures will be for possible adaption and utilization of the hospital.

3. A parallel study in a wider scope.

Recommendations

4. The physical therapists are encouraged to device the stated proposed

measurements.

5. Physical therapists are encouraged to be observant on the things that can affect the

level of satisfaction of patients with musculoskeletal conditions.

6. An evaluation on physical therapy management to locate and enhance the services

that can contribute decrease the level of satisfaction of patients.

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APPENDICES
 Appendix A

LETTER TO THE HOSPITALS

COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL AND RESPIRATORY THERAPY

Carlatan, City of San Fernando, La Union

April 2017

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

We, the students of Bachelor of Science in Physical Therapy, Lorma College will be

conducting a research entitled, “LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF PATIENT WITH

MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITION RECEIVING PHYSICAL THERAPY

MANAGEMENT FROM SELECTED HOSPITAL IN LA UNION”

In connection to this, may we request your office for the undersigned to collect the

information about the needed data especially on the actual number of patients with

musculoskeletal conditions treated from January to June 2017.

Rest assured that this information will be used for research purposes and only will be

kept confidential.

Respectfully yours,

Anin, Jerna C.

Bisquera, John Glenn D.

Campos, Bianca Joyce U.

Gurtiza, Joanna Eden A.

Imperial, Charmaine E.

Laureta, Chloei Ann D.

Noted by:
Bernardo Tayaban Jr., PTRP, MDA

Research Instructor, Dean of College of

Physical and Respiratory Therapy

APPENDIX B

LETTER TO THE DIRECTOR OF ITRMC

COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL AND RESPIRATORY THERAPY

Carlatan, City of San Fernando, La Union

April 2017

To: Emmanuel F. Acluba, MD, MHA

Medical Center Chief, ITRMC

Thru: Gerardo Ponciano C. Garcia, MD, FPOGS

Chief Training Officer

Dear Sir,

We, the students of Bachelor of Science in Physical Therapy, Lorma College will be

conducting a research entitled, “LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF PATIENT WITH

MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITION RECEIVING PHYSICAL THERAPY

MANAGEMENT FROM SELECTED HOSPITAL IN LA UNION”

In connection to this, may we request your office for the undersigned to collect the

information about the needed data especially on the actual number of patients with

musculoskeletal conditions treated from January to June 2017.

Rest assured that this information will be used for research purposes and only will be

kept confidential.

Respectfully yours,

Anin, Jerna C. Gurtiza, Joanna Eden A.

Bisquera, John Glenn D. Imperial, Charmaine E.

Campos, Bianca Joyce U. Laureta, Chloei Ann D.

Noted by:

Bernardo Tayaban Jr., PTRP, MDA

Research Instructor, Dean of College of Physical and Respiratory Therapy

 APPENDIX C

LETTER FOR VALIDITY

COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL AND RESPIRATORY THERAPY

Carlatan City of San Fernando, La union

November 02, 2017

MR. JOE MARK LANUZA

Physical Therapy Staff

Lorma Medical Center

Dear Sir:

The undersigned are 5th year students of Bachelor of Science in Physical

Therapy at Lorma Colleges who are presently conducting a study entitled LEVEL OF

SATISFACTION OF PATIENT WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITION RECEIVING

PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT FROM SELECTED HOSPITAL IN LA UNION

With your expertise, we are humbly asking your permission to validate the

attached questionnaire. Your participation is of great importance to our academic

endeavor and is highly appreciated.

We are looking forward to your positive response.

 Thank you and God Bless!

Respectfully Yours,

Anin, Jerna C. Gurtiza, Joanna Eden A.

Bisquera, John Glenn D. Imperial, Charmaine E.

Campos, Bianca Joyce U. Laureta, Chloei Ann D.

Noted by:

Bernardo Tayaban Jr.,PTRP, MDA

Research Instructor, Dean of College of Physical Therapy and Respiratory Therapy

APPENDIX D

LETTER FOR VALIDITY

COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL AND RESPIRATORY THERAPY

Carlatan City of San Fernando, La union

November 02, 2017

MRS. ROZEL D. VILORIA

Physical Therapy Staff

Ilocos Training and Regional Medical Center

Dear Ma’am:

The undersigned are 5th year students of Bachelor of Science in Physical

Therapy at Lorma Colleges who are presently conducting a study entitled LEVEL OF

SATISFACTION OF PATIENT WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITION RECEIVING

PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT FROM SELECTED HOSPITAL IN LA UNION

With your expertise, we are humbly asking your permission to validate the

attached questionnaire. Your participation is of great importance to our academic

endeavor and is highly appreciated.

We are looking forward to your positive response.

Thank you and God Bless!

Respectfully Yours,

The Researchers

Anin, Jerna C. Bisquera, John Glenn D.

Campos, Bianca Joyce U. Bernardo Tayaban Jr., MDA

Research Instructor, Dean of College of

Gurtiza, Joanna Eden A.
Physical Therapy and Respiratory

Imperial, Charmaine E. Therapy

Laureta, Chloei Ann D.

Noted by:

APPENDIX E

LETTER FOR RELIABILITY

College of Physical and Respiratory Therapy

Carlatan, City of San Fernando, La Union

November, 2017

Richard Arceo, M.D., FPARM

Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center

Dear Sir:

The undersigned are 5th year students of Bachelor of Science in Physical

Therapy Lorma Colleges who are presently conducting a study entitled LEVEL OF
 SATISFACTION OF PATIENT WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITION RECEIVING

PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT FROM SELECTED HOSPITAL IN LA UNION.

In connection with this, we would like to request to allow us to give out questionnaires to

10 patients with musculoskeletal conditions of your clinic. The data gathered will served

as the reliability of our questionnaire. Rest assured that the data gathered will be strictly

for research purposes only and kept with utmost confidentiality.

We are looking forward to your positive response.

Thank you and God Bless!

Respectfully Yours,

The Researchers

Laureta, Chloei Ann D.

Anin, Jerna C. Noted by:

Bisquera, John Glenn D.

Campos, Bianca Joyce U. Bernardo Tayaban Jr., MDA

Research Instructor, Dean of College of

Gurtiza, Joanna Eden A.
Physical Therapy and Respiratory Therapy

Imperial, Charmaine E.
 APPENDIX F

I. Questionnaire Level of Satisfaction

Direction: Put a check mark on the space that best describe your level of satisfaction on

the following statements regarding services, facilities and treatment. Please be guided

with the scale below.

Scale Descriptive Equivalent

5 Very Much Satisfied

4 Much Satisfied

3 Moderate

2 Less Satisfied

1 Not Satisfied

A. Level of Satisfaction towards Hospital Management:

Hospital Management 5 4 3 2 1

1. Waiting time before treatment

2. Comfort in the waiting area

3. Timely response given by the physical

therapist

4. Interaction with the physical therapists

(approachable at all times)

5. Available space of the treatment area

6. Availability of services given in physical

therapy management

7. Eligibility and competitiveness of the physical

therapist during treatment

8. Ease of access going to the PT rehab

9. Appropriate amount of service charge to the

treatment given (Bill)

10. Overall Service of the Hospital

B. Level of satisfaction towards Physical Therapy Facilities and Equipment:

Facilities and Equipment 5 4 3 2 1

1. Availability of ramps and stairs for person

with disabilities

2. Availability of facilities in the hospital/clinic

(water in the comfort room, electricity, etc)

3. Cleanliness and orderliness of the Clinic

4. Accessibility of a reliable internet connection

(Wi-Fi)

5. Proper lighting of treatment area/clinic

6. Proper ventilation of the treatment area

7. Functionality and availability of machines/

Equipment/ modalities

8. Availability and accessibility of treatment

areas/bed
9. Cleanliness and accessibility of comfort

rooms

10. Overall satisfaction towards Physical

Therapy Facilities and Equipment

C. Level of satisfaction towards Physical Therapy Program:

Physical Therapy Program 5 4 3 2 1

1. Strict implementation of

Appointment/Treatment time

2. Proper handling of patient/ clients before,

during, and after doing exercise

3. Approachability of the Physical therapists in

the hospital or clinic

4. Privacy during treatment (properly covered)

5. Physical Therapists’ care before, during and

after applying modalities

6. Demonstrates expertise in treatment

techniques (professionalism, ability, skill)

7. Clarity, simplicity, understandable

instructions are given during exercise

8. Comfort before, during and after treatment

on the treatment area

9. Given the appropriate knowledge about the

effects of the modality used

10. Overall care of the Physical Therapy

APPENDIX G

RELIABILITY

Cronbach's Alpha 0.947588489

Split-Half (odd-even) Correlation 0.862845067

Spearman-Brown Prophecy 0.926373408

Mean for Test 125.7

Standard Deviation for Test 14.12126057

KR21 3.114669309

KR20 3.217733694

CHRONBACH ALPHA INTERPRETATION

Chronbach’s alpha Internal consistency

≥ 0.9 Excellent

≥ 0.8 Good

≥ 0.7 Acceptable

≥ 0.6 Questionable

≥ 0.5 Poor

 Unacceptable
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA:

Name: Chloei Ann D. Laureta

Age: 21

Birthdate: October 16, 1996

Place of Birth: San Fernando

Parent: Mr. Louie Laureta

Mrs. Cecile Laureta

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: Montemar Village Ili Norte San Juan, La Union

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College:

Lorma Colleges

Carlatan, San Fernando, La Union

High School:

Lorma Special Science High School

San Juan, La Union

Elementary:

Lorma Grade School

San Juan, La Union

 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA:

Name: Jerna C. Anin

Age: 20

Birthdate: May 22, 1997

Place of birth: Bangued, Abra

Parent: Mr. Richard Anin

Mrs. Grace Anin

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: Pamutic, Pidigan, Abra

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College:

Lorma Colleges

Carlatan, San Fernando, La Union

High School:

Holy Spirit Academy of Bangued

Bangued, Abra

Elementary:

Holy Spirit Academy of Bangued

Bangued, Abra
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA:

Name: Bianca Joyce U. Campos

Age: 20

Birthdate: April 6, 1997

Place of Birth: Manila, Phillippines

Parent: Mr. Baltazar L. Campos

Mrs. Jennifer U. Campos

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: San Antonio, Aringay, La union

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College:

Lorma Colleges

Carlatan, San Fernando, La Union

High School:

Notre Dame Institute

Aringay, La union

Elementary:

St. Barachiel Special Science School

Aringay, La Union
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA:

Name: Joanna Eden A. Gurtiza

Age: 21

Birthdate: April 11, 1996

Place of Birth: Naguilian, La Union

Parent: Mr. Edgar A. Gurtiza

Mrs. Melinda T. Gurtiza

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: Mabini Street Catbangen, San Fernando, La Union

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College:

Lorma Colleges

Carlatan, San Fernando, La Union

High School:

La Union National High School

Elementary:

Catbangen Central School

City of San Fernando, La Union

 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA:

Name: John Glenn D. Bisquera

Age: 20

Birthdate: January 15, 1997

Place of Birth: San Fernando City, La Union

Parent: Adelino P. Bisquera Jr.

Glenda D. Bisquera

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Baptist

Address: Venflor Village, Dalumpinas Oeste, San Fernando City La Union

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College:

Lorma Colleges

Carlatan, San Fernando, La Union

High School:

Felkris Academy

Lingsat, San Fernando, La Union

Elementary:

Felkris Academy

Lingsat, San Fernando, La Union

 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA:

Name: Charmaine E. Imperial

Age: 20

Birthdate: April 30, 1997

Place of Birth: San Rafael, San Esteban, Ilocos Sur

Parent: Mr. Archieval E. Imperial

Mrs. Remedios E. Imperial

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: San Rafael, San Esteban, Ilocos Sur

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College:

Lorma Colleges

Carlatan, San Fernando, La Union

High School:

Saint Joseph Institute

Candon City, Ilocos Sur

Elementary:

San Esteban South Central School

San Esteban, Ilocos Sur