Statistics Examples

Step-by-Step Examples

Statistics

Frequency Distribution

Find the Percentage Frequency

2,3,4,5,3,6,8,6,4,22,3,4,5,3,6,8,6,4,2
The number of classes can be estimated using the rounded output of Sturge's
rule, N=1+3.322log(n)N=1+3.322logn, where NN is the number of classes and nn is
the number of items in the data set.
1+3.322log(6)=3.585018451+3.322log6=3.58501845
Select 44 classes for this example.
44
Find the data range by subtracting the minimum data value from the
maximum data value. In this case, the data range is 8−2=68-2=6.
66
Find the class width by dividing the data range by the desired number of groups. In this
case, 64=1.564=1.5.
1.51.5
Round 1.51.5 up to the nearest whole number. This will be the size of each group.
22
Start with 22 and create 44 groups of size 22.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2−34−56−78−9ClassClassBoundariesFrequency
2-34-56-78-9
Determine the class boundaries by subtracting 0.50.5 from the lower class limit and by
adding 0.50.5 to the upper class limit.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2−31.5−3.54−53.5−5.56−75.5−7.58−97.5−9.5Cla
ssClassBoundariesFrequency2-31.5-3.54-53.5-5.56-75.5-7.58-97.5-9.5
Draw a tally mark next to each class for each value that is contained within that class.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2−31.5−3.5||||4−53.5−5.5|||6−75.5−7.5||8−97.5
−9.5|ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2-31.5-3.5||||4-53.5-5.5|||6-75.5-7.5||8-
97.5-9.5|
Count the tally marks to determine the frequency of each class.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2−31.5−3.544−53.5−5.536−75.5−7.528−97.5−9.
51ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2-31.5-3.544-53.5-5.536-75.5-7.528-97.5-
9.51
The relative frequency of a data class is the percentage of data elements in that class.
The relative frequency can be calculated using the formula fi=fnfi=fn, where ff is the
absolute frequency and nn is the sum of all frequencies.
fi=fnfi=fn
nn is the sum of all frequencies. In this case, n=4+3+2+1=10n=4+3+2+1=10.
n=10n=10
The relative frequency can be calculated using the formula fi=fnfi=fn.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency(f)fi2−31.5−3.544104−53.5−5.533106−75.5−7.5221
08−97.5−9.51110ClassClassBoundariesFrequencyffi2-31.5-3.544104-53.5-
5.533106-75.5-7.522108-97.5-9.51110
Simplify the relative frequency column.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency(f)fi2−31.5−3.540.44−53.5−5.530.36−75.5−7.52
0.28−97.5−9.510.1ClassClassBoundariesFrequencyffi2-31.5-3.540.44-53.5-
5.530.36-75.5-7.520.28-97.5-9.510.1
Multiply every relative frequency by 100100 to get the percentage frequency.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency(f)fiPercent2−31.5−3.540.40.4⋅100%4−53.5−5.5
30.30.3⋅100%6−75.5−7.520.20.2⋅100%8−97.5−9.510.10.1⋅100%ClassClassBoun
dariesFrequencyffiPercent2-31.5-3.540.40.4⋅100%4-53.5-5.530.30.3⋅100%6-
75.5-7.520.20.2⋅100%8-97.5-9.510.10.1⋅100%
Simplify the Percentage column.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency(f)fiPercent2−31.5−3.540.440%4−53.5−5.530.33
0%6−75.5−7.520.220%8−97.5−9.510.110%