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5 A bar of 25 mm diameter is tested in tension. It is observed that when a load of 60 kN is applied, the extension
measured over a gauge length of 200 mm is 0.12 mm and contraction in diameter is 0.0045 mm. Find Poisson’s
ratio and elastic constants E, G, K.
6 A compound bar consists of a circular rod of steel of 25 mm diameter rigidly fixed into a copper tube of internal
diameter 25 mm and external diameter 40. If the compound bar is subjected to a load of 120 kN, find the stresses
developed in the two materials. Take Es = 2 ×105 N/mm2 and Ec = 1.2 × 105 N/mm2.
7 An element of material is subjected to the following state of stress: σx = −40, σy = 100, σz = 30, τxy = −50,
τyz = 12, and τzx = 0MPa. Determine the following:
(a) Principal normal stresses and principal shear stresses.
(b) Maximum normal stress and maximum shear stress.
(c) Direction cosines for each principal normal stress axis.
8 Determine the octahedral normal and shear stresses for the state of stress: σx = 345MPa,
σy = 138MPa, σz = −69MPa and τxy = 69MPa
9 A strain guage rosette of the type shown in Fig. is employed to measure strains on the free surface of an
aluminum alloy part, with the result being εx = 1900 × 10−6, εy = 1250 × 10−6, and ε45 = 2375 × 10−6.
Determine the principal normal strains and the principal shear strains. Assume that no yielding has occurred.
10 Find the extension of the bar shown in Fig. 8.52 under an axial load of 25 kN.
TUTORIAL-2: Estimation of stresses and strain based on failure theories
11 A structure is composed of circular members of diameter d. At a certain position along one member the loading is
found to consist of a shear force of 10kN together with an axial tensile load of 20kN. If the elastic limit in tension of
the material of the members is 270MPa and there is to be a factor of safety of 4, estimate the magnitude of d
required according to the maximum principal stress theory, maximum shear stress theory and the maximum shear
strain energy theory. (Poisson’s ratio =0.283).
12 A thin cylinder pressure vessel with closed ends is required to withstand an internal pressure of 4MPa. The inside
diameter of the vessel is to be 500mm and a factor of safety of 4 is required. A sample of the proposed material
tested in simple tension gave a yield stress of 360MPa. Find the thickness of the vessel assuming elastic failure to be
the maximum shear stress and the maximum shear strain energy.
13 Determine the diameter of a cold-rolled steel shaft, 0.6 m long, used to transmit 50 hp at 600 rpm. The shaft is simply
supported at its ends in bearings. The shaft experiences bending owing to its own weight also. Use a factor of safety
2. The tensile yield limit is 280 x 103 kPa and the shear yield limit is 140x103 kPa Use the maximum shear stress
theory.
14 In an engineering component made of ductile cast iron A 536 (65-45-12) material, the most severely stressed point is
subjected to the following state of stress: σx = −50, σy = 120, σz = 40, τxy = −60, τyz = 14, and τzx = 0MPa.
Determine the safety factor against yielding by (a) the maximum shear stress criterion, and (b) the octahedral shear
stress criterion.
15 A steel shaft of 10 cm diameter is shrunk inside a bronze cylinder of 25 cm outer diameter. The shrink allowance is 1
part per 1000 (i.e. 0.005 cm difference between the radii). Find the circumferential stresses in the bronze cylinder at
the inside and outer radii and the stress in the shaft.
Es = 210 x 106 kpa, Ebr = 107 x x 106 kpa, v = 0.3 for both metals.
16 A steel disk of 50 cm outside diameter and 10 cm inside diameter is shrunk on a steel shaft so that the pressure
between the shaft and disk at standstill is 364 3562 kPa. Take r = 0.0081/g kgm/cm3.
(a) Assuming that the shaft does not change its dimensions because of its own centrifugal force, find the speed at
which the disk is just free on the shaft.
(b) Solve the problem without making assumption (a).
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18 A steel tube has a mean diameter of 100mm and a thickness of 3mm. Calculate the torque that can be transmitted by
the tube with a factor of safety of 2.25 if the Tresca and Von Mises failure criteria are used. The elastic limit in
tension for steel is 225MPa.
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