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Purpose
This wiki page will discuss the basic rule / principle / information pertaining to SAP Sales and Distribution.
Organizational structure
Sales Organization
It’s responsible for:
Distribution Channel:
This is the means through which products and services reach the customer. So, it’s responsible for:
• Defines responsibilities
• Helps in achieve flexible pricing
• Differentiate Sales statistics
Division:
• A division is used to group products and services.
• A division represents a product line.
Sales Area:
A Sales area is a combination of
• Sales organization
• Distribution Channel
• Division
Each Sales and distribution document is assigned exactly to one sales area.
Shipping point:
• Shipping point is the highest level of organizational unit in shipping
• Each outbound delivery is processed by one shipping point
• Shipping points are assigned to a plant
• More than one shipping point can be assigned to a plant
Process
Sales and Distribution is SAP begins with establishing customer relationship and ends with invoicing for the delivery of goods or service provided to the customer.
A standard process flow for sales transaction has the following flow:
1. Inquiry
2. Quotation
3. Sales Order
4. Delivery Document
5. Invoice
Sales Order
A standard sales order in SAP contains:
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• Availability check
Shipping
SAP supports following shipping process:
Billing
SAP supports following billing process:
1. Header
2. Item
3. Schedule Line
Outbound delivery
A delivery document is grouped into two structures
1. Header
2. Item
In standard system, several orders can be grouped into single outbound delivery, provided the referenced orders have same
1. Shipping point
2. Delivery date
3. Ship-to address
• Updates the quantity in inventory management and delivery requirements in materials planning
• Generates additional documents for accounting
• Adds the delivery to the billing due list
• Updates status in sales documents
Billing
A billing document is grouped into two structures
1. Header
2. Item
In standard system, several orders/deliveries can be grouped into single billing document, provided the orders/deliveries have same
1. Billing date
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2. Payer
3. Billing address
1. Customer master
2. Material master
3. Condition master
4. Output master
5. Customer material information master
Customer master
The master data for customer is maintain in 3 major area
1. General Data
2. Company Code data
3. Sales Area Data
Following is the table which shows detail on three main areas of customer master and the tab pages & details found under each area:
Export data
Material Master
It is maintained in different views. Following are the important views maintained for material master in sales and distribution:
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6. Sales text
• Number range
• Item No increment
• Reference mandatory
• Item division
• Read info record
• Document pricing procedure
• Incomplete messages
• Alternative sales documents
• Delivery block
• Billing block
• Immediate delivery
• Subsequent Delivery type
• Subsequent Billing type
• Proposed delivery date
• Lead time for delivery
• Proposed pricing date
Shipping Point
The following is combination with which shipping point gets determined automatically in a sales order:
Route
Route automatically gets determined in sales order based on following combination:
Delivery Scheduling
As name denotes delivery scheduling is scheduling delivery for an order, which carries out through the following important dates:
Availability Check
Following are features of availability check:
Item Category
Item category controls behavior of material in sales order. In a sales document, it mainly controls the following:
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The following is combination by which Item Category automatically gets determined in sales order.
Item Category = Sales Document Type + Item Category Group + Item Usage + Item Category of Higher Level Item
{Material master) (if any) (if any)
It mainly controls:
• Delivery Block
• Movement type
• Item relevant for delivery
• Req/Assembly
• Availability
• Product Allocation
Copy Control
It is normally set for
• Header
• Item
• Schedule line levels
Pricing Procedure
Pricing is an important component in SAP Sales and Distribution. Once an order is entered taking into consideration some major factors, the pricing procedure for the particular order is determined.
The major factors or combination is taken into consideration for pricing procedure determination in sales order:
Pricing Procedure Determination = Sales Area + Customer Pricing Procedure + Document Pricing Procedure
(Sales Organization + Distribution Channel + Division) (Customer Master-Sales area data) (Sales Document Type)
Shipping
The basis for shipping is delivery.
Delivery document controls the following in deliveries
• Number range
• Item no increment
• Storage location rule
• Route determination
• Text determination
• Delivery split
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Billing
Billing is sales process is of the critical integration point between SD and FI Module.
1. Header
2. Item
It mainly controls:
• No. range
• Posting block (to controls posting of invoice to accounting)
• Relevance for rebate
• Account determination procedure
• Account determination recon account
• Account determination pay.cards
• Output determination procedure
• Cancellation billing type
Account Determination
Automatic account determination in SAP Sales and Distribution sales order & billing documents take place based on following combination
Account Determination = Sales Organization + Chart of + Account Assignment + Account Assignment + Account Key + G/L Account
Accounts Group for Customer Group for Material on which the postings
will take place
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