Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
249-257, 1998
0 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Pergamon Printed in Great Britain
PII: soo45-7!M!l(97poo6&7 00457949/98 919.00 + 0.00
Chang-New Chen
Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan,
Taiwan, Republic of China
Abstract-A new numerical approach for solving warping torsion problems is proposed. The approach
uses the differential quadrature element method (DQEM) to discretize the differential equations defined
on each element. The resulting overall discrete equations can be solved using the solvers of the linear
algebra. Numerical results of the DQEM warping torsion model are presented. 0 1997 Published by
Elsevier Science Ltd
Key words --differential quadrature element method, differential quadrature method, finite element
method, warping torsion, bimoment, warping torsion moment, Saint Venant torsion moment
INTRODUCTION
249
250 C.-N. Chen
of inner products of the first-order weighting coeffi- physical element. The physical coordinate ze can
cient matrix. From Equation (5) it is known that be written as:
m - 1 matrix multiplications are necessary in order ze = (0.5 - nz; + (0.5 + [)z;c, (11)
to obtain the &h-order weighting coefficient
matrix. where zf and x&, are the coordinates of the first
and Neth nodes, respectively, of a M-node element
and i the natural coordinate. It should be noted
DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE ELEMENT that the range of the parent element is
DISCRETIZATION
-0.5 < [ IO.5.
Figure 1 shows the warping torsion problem in Using Equation (1 I), the differential of z’ can be
which m, is the distributed external torque. The expressed as:
governing differential equation of warping torsion dz” = (z”,e - z;)dl;
problems is
= Jed<
=’ (7)
= led[, (12)
where EI,, is the warping torsion stiffness, and GJ
the Saint Venant torsion stiffness. let 0 I z I 1 be where J” = zR_~-zy = P is the Jacobian and 1” the el-
the problem domain, the kinematic boundary con- ement length. From the above equation, the follow-
ditions are ing relation can be obtained:
&=$and d4
-=-, d6 z=Oorf, (8)
di
-_=__= 1 p_
1 I
(13)
dz dz dze Je z&----le.
2 e
-EI--*+GJ*=&$,
ww z=Oorl 9 (10)
dz3 dz f$=$$- (15)
(18) (27)
(20)
_Gi+lJ’+l$
>
and
The discrete expression of the above equation is
(21)
(30)
The above equation is the element stiffness
equation. Also letting element n be an element consisting of
The transition conditions of two adjacent el- the natural boundary, the natural boundary con-
ements are the continuities of rotation angle, ro- ditions represented by Equation (9) and
tation angle gradient, and the equilibriums of Equation (10) can be discretized which shows them
bimoment and total torque at the inter-element to have the following forms:
boundary. The condition of rotation angle continu-
$.!$TL~&+;=A&, Z=lorN” (31)
ity at inter-element boundary z = zi*i + ’ of two
adjacent elements i and i + 1 is
f&t = @‘. (23) and
The discrete expression of the above equation is With Equation (23) in mind, then assemble
Equation (22), Equation (25), Equation (27) and
Equation (29) for all elements, Equation (30) for
the boundary elements with kinematic boundary,
and Equation (31) and Equation (32) for the
The equilibrium of bimoment is boundary elements with natural boundary, the dis-
crete governing equation system of warping torsion
problems can be obtained. It is the overall stiffness/
transition/boundary equation. This overall equation
The discrete expression of the above equation is can be solved by using a certain solver to obtain
252 C.-N. Chen
Y
A
X
/_ 2 / / / / / / I 401
I / / / / \ -r”
/I I I I I I I I I >z 80.
I
\ ?\ t\ t\ t\ f\ ?\ ?’ f’ +I.’
NUMERICAL RESULTS
(33)
The first problem been solved concerns a fixed-
fixed I-bar with uniformly distributed torque. The
problem is shown in Fig. 2. The value of warping
ML” =_EeIe_ d34: stiffness is EI,, = 7.031467 x lo’* N mm4, and the
.m
wwd(# value of Saint Venant torsion stiffness is
GJ = 3.515734 x 10’ N mm*. The results of DQEM
and exact solution are included in Table 1. It shows
(34)
that the developed DQEM warping torsion model
has excellent convergence property to converge to
MS’
za
=,,,,s the exact solution. Only few nine-node elements are
necessary to converge to the exact solution up to
dze
seven digit accuracy. It should be much superior
0.0004
Exact solution
0 DQEM
0.0003
0.000 1
0.0000 I
I I
I I
I 1
I I
over the finite element method, adopting Hermite that the DQEM is very efficient and reliable for the
interpolation, of which accurate results can not be analysis of warping torsion problems.
obtained without using a large number of elements. The other sample problem shown in Fig. 7 is a
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 show the distributions of var- fixed-free I-bar with concentrated torque at the
ious internal forces. From these figures, it is known mid-span. The results of DQEM and exact solution
80000
0 DQEM
-300
40 Exact solution
20
-20
Y ii?= = l.N-mm
A
X
J W-4
T
I >Z 80.
AL
v J
2.
Table 2. The results of a fixed-free bar with a concentrated torque at the mid-span
6E-6 -
Exact solution
0 DQEM
4E-6 -
2E-6 -
0 -+-“I I I
I I
I I
I I
I
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Position (mm)
400
- Exact solution
300
1 0 DQEM
200
100
-100
Fig. 9. Distribution of bimoment (example 2).
0 DQEM
Exact solution
0.3
0.2
E
&
lu
c
0.1
0.0