DATA AND RESULTS

EXPERIMENT 1 : BOYLE’S LAW

Pressurize chamber to atmospheric chamber

Before Expansion After Expansion

PT 1(kPa abs) 151.9 134.8
PT 2(kPa abs) 102.9 133.9

Atmospheric chamber to vacuum chamber

Before Expansion After Expansion

PT 1(kPa abs) 104.3 90.0
PT 2(kPa abs) 60.5 89.3

Pressurize chamber to vacuum chamber

Before Expansion After Expansion

PT 1(kPa abs) 155.4 120.4
PT 2(kPa abs) 53.2 119.8
 EXPERIMENT 2 : GAY- LUSAAC LAW

Pressure
Temperature Temperature Temperature Average
(kPa abs)
Depressu Depress Depress Depressu
Pressurise Pressurise Pressurise Pressurise
rise urise urise rise
vessel vessel vessel vessel
vessel vessel vessel vessel
110 25.4 27.8 24.9 26.9 25.2 26.6 25.17 27.10
120 25.4 29 25.2 28.3 25.4 28 25.33 28.43
130 25.9 29.7 25.9 29.2 25.9 28.9 25.90 29.27
140 26.7 30.1 26.7 29.8 26.8 29.7 26.73 29.87
150 27.6 30.4 27.7 30.4 27.8 30.3 27.70 30.37
160 28.6 30.8 28.7 30.8 28.6 30.8 28.63 30.80
170 29.4 30.8 29.6 31 29.6 31 29.53 30.93
180 30.2 30.8 30.3 31 30.3 31 30.27 30.93
EXPERIMENT 3 : ISENTROPIC EXPANSION PROCESS

Before Expansion After Expansion

PT 1(kPa abs) 162 103.8
TT 1 30.5 26

EXPERIMENT 4 : STEPWISE DEPRESSURIZATION

PT 1 (kPa abs)

Initial After 1st expansion After 1st expansion After 1st expansion After 1st expansion

164 151.4 139.9 127.7 122.9

151.5 140.0 127.8 123.0
151.6 140.1 127.9 123.1
151.7 140.2 128.0 123.2
151.8 140.3 128.1 123.3
151.9 140.4 128.2 123.4
152.0 140.5 128.3 123.5
152.1 140.6 128.4 123.6
152.2 140.7 128.5 123.7
152.3 140.8 128.6 123.8
152.4 140.9 128.7 123.9
152.5 141.0 128.8 124.0
152.6 141.1 128.9
152.7 141.2 129.0
152.8 141.3 129.1
141.4 129.2
141.5 129.3
141.6 129.4
141.7
141.8
EXPERIMENT 5 : BRIEF DEPRESSURIZATION

PT 1 (kPa abs)

Initial after expansion

173 135.6
135.7
135.8
135.9
136.0
136.1
136.2
136.3
136.4
136.5
136.6
136.7
136.8
136.9
137.0
137.1
137.2
137.3
137.4
137.5
137.6
137.7
137.8
137.9
138.0
138.1
138.2
138.3
138.4
138.5
138.6
138.7
138.8
138.9
139.0
139.1
139.2
139.3
139.4
EXPERIMENT 6 : DETERMINATION RATIO OF VOLUME

Pressurize chamber to atmospheric chamber

Before Expansion After Expansion

PT 1(kPa abs) 150.9 133.7
PT 2(kPa abs) 100.9 138.0

Atmospheric chamber to vacuum chamber

Before Expansion After Expansion

PT 1(kPa abs) 104.0 90.5
PT 2(kPa abs) 60.0 89.1

Pressurize chamber to vacuum chamber

Before Expansion After Expansion

PT 1(kPa abs) 155.3 120.2
PT 2(kPa abs) 52.2 119.7

EXPERIMENT 7 : DETERMINATION OF HEAT CAPACITY

Initial Intermediate Final

PT 1(kPa abs) 157.6 141.0 143.1
TT 1 30.3 29.9 27.9
CALCULATIONS

EXPERIMENT 1 : BOYLE’S LAW

Pressurize chamber to atmospheric chamber

R = 8.314 L kPa K-1 mol-1 T = 25˚C @ 298 K

PV₁ = RT

V₁ = RT/P₁

= (8.314 L kPa K-1 mol -1 ) (298 K)/ (151.9 kPa)

= 16.31 L

v₂ = RT/P₂

= (8.314 L kPa K-1 mol -1 ) (298K)/ (134.8 kPa)

= 18. 38 L

According to Boyle’s Law which is P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

P₁V₁ = (16.31 L ) (151.9 kPa) = 2477.49 kPa

P₂V₂ = (18.38 L ) (134.8 kPa) = 2477.62 kPa

Atmospheric chamber to vacuum chamber

R = 8.314 L kPa K-1 mol-1 T = 25˚C @ 298 K

PV₁ = RT

V₁ = RT/P₁

= (8.314 L kPa K-1 mol -1 ) (298 K)/ (104.3 kPa)

= 23.75 L

v₂ = RT/P₂

= (8.314 L kPa K-1 mol -1 ) (298K)/ (90 kPa)

= 27.53 L

According to Boyle’s Law which is P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

P₁V₁ = (23.75 L ) (104.3 kPa) = 2477.57 kPa

P₂V₂ = (27.53 L ) (90 kPa) = 2477.7 kPa

Pressurize chamber to vacuum chamber

R = 8.314 L kPa K-1 mol-1 T = 25˚C @ 298 K

PV₁ = RT

V₁ = RT/P₁

= (8.314 L kPa K-1 mol -1 ) (298 K)/ (155.4 kPa)

= 15.94 L

v₂ = RT/P₂

= (8.314 L kPa K-1 mol -1 ) (298K)/ (120.4 kPa)

= 20.58 L

According to Boyle’s Law which is P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

P₁V₁ = (15.94 L ) (155.4 kPa) = 2477.07 kPa

P₂V₂ = (20.58 L ) (120.4 kPa) = 2477.83 kPa

EXPERIMENT 2 : GAY-LUSAAC LAW EXPERIMENTS

Average Gas Expansion ( Pressurize vessel )

190
180
170
Pressure (kPa abs)

160
150
140
130
120
110
100
298.00 299.00 300.00 301.00 302.00 303.00 304.00
Temperature (ºK)

Average Gas Expansion ( Pressurize vessel )

190
180
Pressure (kPa abs)

170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
300.00 301.00 302.00 303.00 304.00 305.00
Temperature (ºK)
EXPERIMENT 3 : ISENTROPIC EXPANSION PROCESS

T₂/T₁ = (P₂/P₁) ^ (k -1/k)

T₂/T₁ = (Pt(26.0/30.5) = (103.8/162.0)^(k-1/k)

0.8524 = (0.6407) ^ (k-1/k)

ln 0.8524 = (k-1/k) ln 0.6407

0.3587 = (k-1/k)

0.3587k =k–1

0.3587k + 1 =k

1 = 0.6413 k

1.5593 =k
EXPERIMENT 6 : DETERMINATION OF RATIO VOLUME

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

V₁/V₂ = P₂/P₁

Pressurize chamber to atmospheric chamber

V₁/V₂ = P₂/P₁

V₁/V₂ = 150.9/133.7

= 1.128

Atmospheric chamber to vacuum chamber

V₁/V₂ = P₂/P₁

V₁/V₂ = 104.0/90.5

= 1.149

Pressurize chamber to vacuum chamber

V₁/V₂ = P₂/P₁

V₁/V₂ = 155.3/120.2

= 1.291

Theoretical value = 0.6

EXPERIMENT 7 : DETERMINATION RATIO OF HEAT CAPACITY

(Cv/R) ln (T₂/T₁) = - ln (V₂/V₁)

Where V₂/V₁ = P₁T₁/P₂T₂

Cv/ (8.314 L kPa K-1 mol -1) ln (316.9 K)/ (319.3) = - ln (157.6 kPa(319.3 K ))/ ( 143.1 kPa
(316.9K)) Cv = 114.668 L kPa K-1 mol -1

Cp = Cv + R

= 114.668 L kPa K-1 mol-1 + 8.314 L kPa K-1 mol -1

= 122.983 L kPa K-1 mol-1

The ratio of heat capacity is ,

Cp/Cv = (122.983/114.668)

= 1.073

The theoretical value is 1.4