An American Heart

Association/American
Stroke
EDITORIAL
Stroke Association Failed Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Return of the Stent? 811
Journal Jens Fiehler, MD, PhD

April 2018
Volume 49 Stroke : Highlights of Selected Articles 813
Number 4
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Clinical Sciences
Distribution and Temporal Trends From 1993 to 2015 of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: 814
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Raffaele Ornello, MD; Diana Degan, MD; Cindy Tiseo, MD; Caterina Di Carmine, MD; Laura Perciballi, MD;
Francesca Pistoia, MD, PhD; Antonio Carolei, MD; Simona Sacco, MD

Role of Blood Lipids in the Development of Ischemic Stroke and its Subtypes: 820
A Mendelian Randomization Study
George Hindy, MD, PhD; Gunnar Engström, MD, PhD; Susanna C. Larsson, PhD; Matthew Traylor, PhD;
Hugh S. Markus, DM; Olle Melander, MD, PhD; Marju Orho-Melander, PhD; on behalf of the Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN)

Projected Temperature-Related Years of Life Lost From Stroke Due To Global Warming 828
in a Temperate Climate City, Asia: Disease Burden Caused by Future Climate Change
Guoxing Li, PhD; Qun Guo, PhD; Yang Liu, PhD; Yixue Li, MD; Xiaochuan Pan, MD

Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke in 835
NOMAS (The Northern Manhattan Study)
Erin R. Kulick, MPH; Gregory A. Wellenius, ScD; Amelia K. Boehme, PhD, MSPH; Ralph L. Sacco, MD, MS;
Mitchell S. Elkind, MD, MS

Rates and Risk Factors for Arterial Ischemic Stroke Recurrence in Children 842
Arthur Stacey, MSc; Claire Toolis, BSc; Vijeya Ganesan, MD

Risk Factors for and Clinical Consequences of Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms: 848
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ramazan Jabbarli, MD; Thiemo Florin Dinger, MD; Marvin Darkwah Oppong, MD; Daniela Pierscianek, MD;
Philipp Dammann, MD; Karsten H. Wrede, MD; Klaus Kaier, PhD; Martin Köhrmann, MD;
Michael Forsting, MD; Christoph Kleinschnitz, MD; Ulrich Sure, MD

Shared and Distinct Rupture Discriminants of Small and Large Intracranial Aneurysms 856
Nicole Varble, PhD; Vincent M. Tutino, PhD; Jihnhee Yu, PhD; Ashish Sonig, MD, MS, MCh;  Adnan H. Siddiqui, MD, PhD; 
Jason M. Davies, MD, PhD; Hui Meng, PhD

Desirable Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels for Preventing Stroke 865

Recurrence: A Post Hoc Analysis of the J-STARS Study (Japan Statin Treatment
Against Recurrent Stroke)
Naohisa Hosomi, MD, PhD; Kazuo Kitagawa, MD, PhD; Yoji Nagai, MD, PhD; Yoko Nakagawa, BS; Shiro Aoki, MD, PhD;
Tomohisa Nezu, MD, PhD; Tatsuo Kagimura, PhD; Hirofumi Maruyama, MD, PhD; Hideki Origasa, PhD;
DATA SUPPLEMENT
Kazuo Minematsu, MD, PhD; Shinichiro Uchiyama, MD, PhD; Masayasu Matsumoto, MD, PhD; J-STARS Collaborators

CME
On the Cover: The image is taken from an article in this issue, “Optical Coherence Tomography: Future Applications in
Cerebrovascular Imaging” by Chen et al (Stroke. 2018;49:1044–1050. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.019818). The image is
Figure [B].
OPEN ACCESS
 Mean Platelet Volume as a Predictor for Restenosis After Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting 872
Zhengze Dai, MD; Jie Gao, MD; Shun Li, MD; Rongrong Li, MD;  Zhaoyao Chen, MD; Meng Liang, MD; Xinfeng Liu, MD;
Gelin Xu, MD, PhD

Increased Risk of Pregnancy Complications After Stroke: The FUTURE Study (Follow-Up 877
of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke Patients and Unelucidated Risk Factor Evaluation)
Mayte E. van Alebeek, MD; Myrthe de Vrijer, MD; Renate M. Arntz, MD, PhD; Noortje A.M.M. Maaijwee, MD, PhD;
Nathalie E. Synhaeve, MD, PhD; Hennie Schoonderwaldt, MD, PhD; Maureen J. van der Vlugt, MD, PhD;
Ewoud J. van Dijk, MD, PhD; Roel de Heus, MD, PhD; Loes C.A. Rutten-Jacobs, PhD; Frank-Erik de Leeuw, MD, PhD

Plasma Aβ (Amyloid-β) Levels and Severity and Progression of Small Vessel Disease 884
Esther M.C. van Leijsen, MSc; H. Bea Kuiperij, PhD; Iris Kersten, BSc; Mayra I. Bergkamp, MSc;
Ingeborg W.M. van Uden, MD, PhD; Hugo Vanderstichele, PhD; Erik Stoops, BE; Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen, MD, PhD;
Ewoud J. van Dijk, MD, PhD; Frank-Erik de Leeuw, MD, PhD; Marcel M. Verbeek, PhD

Arterial Wall Imaging in Pediatric Stroke 891

Nomazulu Dlamini, MD, MSc, PhD; Ivanna Yau, MN, NP; Prakash Muthusami, MD; David J. Mikulis, MD, BSc;
Jorina Elbers, MD, MS; Mahmoud Slim, PharmD, PhD; Rand Askalan, MD, PhD; Daune MacGregor, MD;
Gabrielle deVeber, MD; Manohar Shroff, MD, DABR; Mahendranath Moharir, MD, MSc
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Age-Specific Associations of Renal Impairment With Magnetic Resonance Imaging 899

Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke
Bian Liu, MBBS; Kui Kai Lau, DPhil; Linxin Li, DPhil; Caroline Lovelock, DPhil; Ming Liu, MD, PhD;
Wilhelm Kuker, MD; Peter M. Rothwell, MD, PhD

Hyperintense Plaque on Intracranial Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a 905

Predictor of Artery-to-Artery Embolic Infarction
Fang Wu, MD; Haiqing Song, MD; Qingfeng Ma, MD; Jiayu Xiao, MD; Tao Jiang, MD; Xiaoqin Huang, MD;
Xiaoming Bi, PhD; Xiuhai Guo, MD; Debiao Li, PhD; Qi Yang, MD; Xunming Ji, MD; Zhaoyang Fan, PhD;
on behalf of the WISP Investigators

Boosted Tree Model Reforms Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Infarct 912
Prediction in Acute Stroke
Michelle Livne, MSc; Jens K. Boldsen, PhD; Irene K. Mikkelsen, PhD; Jochen B. Fiebach, MD; Jan Sobesky, MD; 
Kim Mouridsen, PhD

Association of White Matter Hyperintensities With Short-Term Outcomes in Patients 919

With Minor Cerebrovascular Events
Charlotte Zerna, MD, MSc; Amy Y.X. Yu, MD, MSc; Jayesh Modi, MD; Shiel K. Patel, MD, MSc;
Jonathan I. Coulter, BM, BS; Eric E. Smith, MD, MPH; Shelagh B. Coutts, MD, MSc

Correction for Delay and Dispersion Results in More Accurate Cerebral Blood Flow 924
Ischemic Core Measurement in Acute Stroke
Longting Lin, PhD; Andrew Bivard, PhD; Timothy Kleinig, PhD; Neil J. Spratt, MD; Christopher R. Levi, MD;
Qing Yang, PhD; Mark W. Parsons, PhD, MD

Thalamic Diaschisis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Occurrence, Perfusion Characteristics, 931

and Impact on Outcome
Paul Reidler, MD; Kolja M. Thierfelder, MD, MSc; Matthias P. Fabritius, MD; Wieland H. Sommer, MD, MPH;
Felix G. Meinel, MD; Franziska Dorn, MD; Frank A. Wollenweber, MD; Marco Duering, MD; Wolfgang G. Kunz, MD

Posttreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Is Superior to the Initial 938
Score or Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia for 3-Month Outcome
Han-Gil Jeong, MD, MSc; Beom Joon Kim, MD, PhD; Jay Chol Choi, MD, PhD; Keun-Sik Hong, MD, PhD;
Mi Hwa Yang, RN, MSc; Cheolkyu Jung, MD, PhD; Moon-Ku Han, MD, PhD; Hee-Joon Bae, MD, PhD
DATA SUPPLEMENT
Ambulance Clinical Triage for Acute Stroke Treatment: Paramedic Triage Algorithm 945
for Large Vessel Occlusion
Henry Zhao, MBBS; Lauren Pesavento, BN; Skye Coote, MN; Edrich Rodrigues, MB, ChB; Patrick Salvaris, MBBS;
CME Karen Smith, PhD; Stephen Bernard, MD; Michael Stephenson, BHlthSc; Leonid Churilov, PhD; Nawaf Yassi, PhD;
Stephen M. Davis, MD; Bruce C.V. Campbell, PhD

OPEN ACCESS
 Time From Imaging to Endovascular Reperfusion Predicts Outcome in Acute Stroke 952
Jenny P. Tsai, MD; Michael Mlynash, MD, MS; Soren Christensen, PhD; Stephanie Kemp, BS;
Sun Kim, MD, MS; Nishant K. Mishra, MD, PhD; Christian Federau, MD, MS; Raul G. Nogueira, MD;
Tudor G. Jovin, MD; Thomas G. Devlin, MD; Naveed Akhtar, MD; Dileep R. Yavagal, MD; Roland Bammer, PhD;
Matus Straka, PhD; Gregory Zaharchuk, MD; Michael P. Marks, MD; Gregory W. Albers, MD;
Maarten G. Lansberg, MD, PhD; on behalf of the CRISP Investigators

Rescue Stenting for Failed Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: 958
A Multicenter Experience
Yoonkyung Chang, MD;  Byung Moon Kim, MD; Oh Young Bang, MD;  Jang-Hyun Baek, MD; Ji Hoe Heo, MD;
Hyo Suk Nam, MD; Young Dae Kim, MD; Joonsang Yoo, MD; Dong Joon Kim, MD; Pyoung Jeon, MD;
Seung Kug Baik, MD; Sang Hyun Suh, MD; Kyung-Yul Lee, MD; Hyo Sung Kwak, MD; Hong Gee Roh, MD;
Young-Jun Lee, MD; Sang Heum Kim, MD; Chang-Woo Ryu, MD; Yon-Kwon Ihn, MD; Byungjun Kim, MD;
Hong Jun Jeon, MD; Jin Woo Kim, MD; Jun Soo Byun, MD; Sangil Suh, MD; Jeong Jin Park, MD;
Woong Jae Lee, MD, PhD; Jieun Roh, MD; Byoung-Soo Shin, MD; Jeong-Min Kim, MD

Utility-Weighted Modified Rankin Scale as Primary Outcome in Stroke Trials: 965

A Simulation Study
Simone A. Dijkland, MD; Daphne C. Voormolen, MSc; Esmee Venema, MD; Bob Roozenbeek, MD, PhD;
Suzanne Polinder, PhD; Juanita A. Haagsma, PhD; Daan Nieboer, MSc; Vicky Chalos, MD; Albert J. Yoo, MD;
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Jennifer Schreuders, MD; Aad van der Lugt, MD, PhD; Charles B.L.M. Majoie, MD, PhD; Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, MD, PhD;
Wim H. van Zwam, MD, PhD; Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, MD, PhD; Ewout W. Steyerberg, PhD; Diederik W.J. Dippel, MD, PhD;
Hester F. Lingsma, PhD; on behalf of the MR CLEAN Investigators

Improving Community Stroke Preparedness in the HHS (Hip-Hop Stroke) Randomized 972
Clinical Trial
Olajide Williams, MD, MS; Ellyn Leighton-Herrmann Quinn, PhD; Jeanne Teresi, EdD, PhD; Joseph P. Eimicke, MS;
Jian Kong, MS; Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH; James Noble, MD, MS

Atrial Cardiopathy and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) 980
Hooman Kamel, MD; Traci M. Bartz, MS; Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS; Peter M. Okin, MD; Evan L. Thacker, PhD;
Kristen K. Patton, MD; Phyllis K. Stein, PhD; Christopher R. deFilippi, MD; Rebecca F. Gottesman, MD, PhD;
Susan R. Heckbert, MD, PhD; Richard A. Kronmal, PhD; Elsayed Z. Soliman, MD, MS; W.T. Longstreth Jr, MD, MPH

Risk Factors for Poststroke Cognitive Decline: The REGARDS Study (Reasons for 987
Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke)
Deborah A. Levine, MD, MPH; Virginia G. Wadley, PhD; Kenneth M. Langa, MD, PhD; Frederick W. Unverzagt, PhD;
Mohammed U. Kabeto, MS; Bruno Giordani, PhD; George Howard, DrPH; Virginia J. Howard, PhD; Mary Cushman, MD, MSc;
Suzanne E. Judd, PhD; Andrzej T. Galecki, MD, PhD

Basic Sciences
Minocycline Effects on Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Iron Overload in Aged 995
Rats: Brain Iron Quantification With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Shenglong Cao, MD; Ya Hua, MD; Richard F. Keep, PhD; Neeraj Chaudhary, MD;  Guohua Xi, MD

Endothelial Progenitor Cell Secretome and Oligovascular Repair in a Mouse Model of 1003
Prolonged Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Takakuni Maki, MD, PhD; Anna Morancho, PhD; Pablo Martinez-San Segundo, MSc; Kazuhide Hayakawa, PhD;
Hajime Takase, MD, PhD; Anna C. Liang, MPS; Marina Gabriel-Salazar, MSc; Esperanza Medina-Gutiérrez, MSc;
Kazuo Washida, MD, PhD; Joan Montaner, MD, PhD; Josephine Lok, MD; Eng H. Lo, PhD; Ken Arai, PhD; Anna Rosell, PhD

BRIEF REPORTS
Quantitative Arterial Tortuosity Suggests Arteriopathy in Children With Cryptogenic Stroke 1011
Gabriel DeVela, MD; J. Michael Taylor, MD; Bin Zhang, PhD; Luke L. Linscott, MD; Alan M. Chen, MD;
DATA SUPPLEMENT Kunal B. Karani, BA; Andrew Furthmiller, BS; James L. Leach, MD; Sudhakar Vadivelu, DO; Todd Abruzzo, MD

Eligibility for Endovascular Trial Enrollment in the 6- to 24-Hour Time Window: 1015
CME
Analysis of a Single Comprehensive Stroke Center
Ashutosh P. Jadhav, MD, PhD; Shashvat M. Desai, MD; Cynthia L. Kenmuir, MD, PhD; Marcelo Rocha, MD, PhD;
Matthew T. Starr, MD; Bradley J. Molyneaux, MD, PhD; Bradley A. Gross, MD; Brian T. Jankowitz, MD; Tudor G. Jovin, MD

OPEN ACCESS
 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Improve Language Outcome in 1018
Subacute Poststroke Aphasia
Kerstin Spielmann, MSc; W. Mieke E. van de Sandt-Koenderman, PhD; Majanka H. Heijenbrok-Kal, PhD;
Gerard M. Ribbers, MD, PhD

Geographic Modeling to Quantify the Impact of Primary and Comprehensive Stroke 1021
Center Destination Policies
Michael T. Mullen, MD, MS; William Pajerowski, PhD;  Steven R. Messé, MD; C. Crawford Mechem, MD;
Judy Jia, MD; Michael Abboud, MD; Guy David, PhD; Brendan G. Carr, MD, MS; Roger Band, MD

Ischemic Stroke Alters the Expression of the Transcribed Ultraconserved Regions of 1024
the Genome in Rat Brain
Suresh L. Mehta, PhD;  Raghu Vemuganti, PhD

TOPICAL REVIEWS
Cranial Cavernous Malformations: Natural History and Treatment 1029
Christopher J. Stapleton, MD; Fred G. Barker II, MD
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Clinical and Technological Approaches to the Prehospital Diagnosis of Large 1036

Vessel Occlusion
Stephen van Gaal, MD; Andrew Demchuk, MD

Optical Coherence Tomography: Future Applications in Cerebrovascular Imaging 1044

Ching-Jen Chen, MD; Jeyan S. Kumar, MD; Stephanie H. Chen, MD; Dale Ding, MD; Thomas J. Buell, MD;
Samir Sur, MD; Natasha Ironside, MBChB; Evan Luther, MD; Michael Ragosta III, MD; Min S. Park, MD;
M. Yashar Kalani, MD, PhD; Kenneth C. Liu, MD; Robert M. Starke, MD, MSc

SPECIAL REPORT
Accelerating Cell Therapy for Stroke in Japan: Regulatory Framework and Guidelines e145
on Development of Cell-Based Products
Kiyohiro Houkin, MD, PhD; Hideo Shichinohe, MD, PhD; Koji Abe, MD, PhD; Teruyo Arato, PhD; Mari Dezawa, MD, PhD;
Osamu Honmou, MD, PhD; Nobutaka Horie, MD, PhD; Yasuo Katayama, MD, PhD; Kohsuke Kudo, MD, PhD;
Satoshi Kuroda, MD, PhD; Tomohiro Matsuyama, MD, PhD; Ichiro Miyai, MD, PhD; Izumi Nagata, MD, PhD;
Kuniyasu Niizuma, MD, PhD; Ken Sakushima, MD, PhD; Masanori Sasaki, MD, PhD; Norihiro Sato, MD, PhD;
Kenji Sawanobori, PhD; Satoshi Suda, MD, PhD; Akihiko Taguchi, MD, PhD; Teiji Tominaga, MD, PhD;
Haruko Yamamoto, MD, PhD; Toru Yamashita, MD, PhD; Toshiki Yoshimine, MD, PhD; on behalf of Working Group for
Guidelines on Development of Cell-Based Products for the Treatment of Cerebral Infarction

STATE-OF-THE-SCIENCE NURSING REVIEW

Oral Care Assessment Tools and Interventions After Stroke e153
Virginia Prendergast, PhD, NP-C, CNRN; Janice L. Hinkle, PhD, RN, CNRN

ILLUSTRATIVE TEACHING CASE

Oral Contraceptives and Ischemic Stroke Risk e157
Caitlin Carlton, BS; Matthew Banks, DO; Sophia Sundararajan, MD, PhD

COCHRANE CORNER
Virtual Reality for Stroke Rehabilitation e160
DATA SUPPLEMENT Kate E. Laver, BAppSc (OT), MClinRehab, PhD; Belinda Lange, BSc, BPhysio, PhD; Stacey George, BAppSc (OT), MHSc (OT), PhD;
Judith E. Deutsch, BA, MS (PT), PhD, FAPTA; Gustavo Saposnik, MD, FRCPC, PhDc, MSc; Maria Crotty, BA, BMed, MPH, PhD, FAFRM

CME
INTERSECT
Telestroke for the Newly Minted Vascular Neurologist e162
OPEN ACCESS Mark R. Etherton, MD, PhD; Lee H. Schwamm, MD
 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Letter by Wolters Regarding Article, “Impact on Prehospital Delay of a Stroke e165
Preparedness Campaign: A SW-RCT (Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial)”
Frank J. Wolters, MD

Response by Denti and Schulz to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact on Prehospital e166
Delay of a Stroke Preparedness Campaign: A SW-RCT (Stepped-Wedge Cluster
Randomized Controlled Trial)”
Licia Denti, MD; Peter J. Schulz, PhD

Letter by Ellis and Sheets Regarding Article, “No Racial Difference in Rehabilitation e167
Therapy Across All Post-Acute Care Settings in the Year Following a Stroke”
Charles Ellis, PhD; Jordan Sheets, BSN

Letter by Guo et al Regarding Article, “Prevalence and Natural History of Superficial e168
Siderosis: A Population-Based Study”
Rongjing Guo, MD; Mingxia Li, MD; Ting Chang, PhD
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Letter by Guijarro Regarding Article, “Cerebrovascular Outcomes With Proton Pump e169
Inhibitors and Thienopyridines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
Carlos Guijarro, MD,  PhD

Letter by Zheng et al Regarding Article, “Cerebrovascular Outcomes With Proton e170

Pump Inhibitors and Thienopyridines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
Bing-Kun Zheng, MSN; Peng-Peng Niu, MD, PhD

Response by Malhotra et al to the Letters Regarding Article, “Cerebrovascular

Outcomes With Proton Pump Inhibitors and Thienopyridines: A Systematic Review e171
and Meta-Analysis”
Konark Malhotra, MD; Aristeidis H. Katsanos, MD; Georgios Tsivgoulis, MD

CORRECTION
Correction to: Effects of Prehospital Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients With e173
Prestroke Dependency

DATA SUPPLEMENT
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Stroke. 2018;49:e162-1050
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