ERP2005 Interchangeability

Parts Interchangeability
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Table of content
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Table of content
1 Parts Interchangeability
1.1 Fully Interchangeable Parts
1.1.1 Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Part
1.1.1.1 Manufacturer Part Number (MPN)
1.1.1.2 External Manufacturer (Manufacturer Code)
1.1.1.3 Interchangeability Type and Interchangeability Category
1.1.1.4 Input and Output Conversion of Material Numbers
1.1.2 Form-Fit-Function Class (FFF Class)
1.1.2.1 Maintaining Fully Interchangeable Parts
1.1.2.1.1 Automatic Creation of FFF Classes
1.1.2.1.2 Maintaining an Inventory-Managed Part as a Link
1.1.2.2 MPN-MRP Set
1.1.2.2.1 Interchangeable Manufacturer Parts in MRP
1.1.2.2.1.1 Consumption-Based Planning of Parts in MPN-MRP Sets
1.1.2.2.1.2 MRP of Parts in MPN-MRP Sets
1.1.2.2.2 Creating and Changing MPN-MRP Sets
1.1.2.2.2.1 Generating MPN-MRP Sets Automatically
1.1.2.3 NATO Stock Number (NSN)
1.1.3 Manufacturer Part Profile
1.1.4 Material Types "Interchangeable Part" and "FFF Class"
1.1.5 Data Consistency
1.1.6 Graphical Display of All Interchangeability Relationships
1.2 One-Way and Restricted Interchangeable Parts
1.2.1 Maintaining Restricted Interchangeable Parts
1.2.2 Interchangeability Code
1.2.3 Settings for Material Exchange and Restricted Interchangeability
1.3 Material Exchange Using SAP SCM
1.3.1 Parts Interchangeability in Goods Movement Transaction MIGO
1.3.2 Parts Interchangeability in Plant Maintenance Orders
1.3.2.1 Parts Interchangeability in Upgrade Orders
1.3.2.1.1 Upgrade Order Creation
1.3.2.2 Determination of Installation Locations (iPPE Structure Nodes) f
1.3.3 Parts Interchangeability with Configuration Control
1.3.4 Parts Interchangeability in Subcontracting
1.4 Material Exchange
1.4.1 Material Exchange in Purchasing
1.4.1.1 Material Exchange in RFQs and Quotations
1.4.1.2 Material Exchange in Purchase Orders
1.4.1.2.1 Subitem Logic
1.4.1.2.2 Subitem Pricing
1.4.1.2.3 Material Exchange in Schedule Lines
1.4.2 Material Exchange in Inventory Management
1.4.2.1 Material Exchange in MIGO During Goods Issue Process
1.4.2.2 Material Exchange in MIGO During Goods Receipt Process
1.4.3 Material Exchange in the Sales Order Product Selection
1.4.4 Material Exchange in Stock Transport Orders
1.4.5 Material Exchange in Replenishment Deliveries
1.4.6 Material Exchange in PM Orders, PP Orders, and Networks
1.5 Business Add-Ins (BAdIs) for Interchangeability of Parts
1.6 Supersession
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1 Parts Interchangeability
Purpose
In logistical processes it is often necessary to interchange parts. Within Discrete Industries and Mill Products (DIMP), the following functions are provided.
Features
Parts interchangeability comprises the following functions:
Fully interchangeable parts
Parts that are fully interchangeable with each other and are grouped in a common class of interchangeable parts - a form-fit-function class (FFF class)
.
You can group fully interchangeable parts of an FFF class in MPN-MRP sets subject to plant and MRP area. The system treats these parts as fully
interchangeable parts in planning, inventory management, and the availability check.
Inventory-managed manufacturer parts
Some parts from different manufacturers are interchangeable in the purchasing, MRP and availability check functions due to having the same
technical characteristics. The system recognizes these as interchangeable and manages them with their own individual stocks.
Restricted or one-way interchangeable parts
These parts cannot belong to the same FFF class. You use interchangeability codes to group these parts. Restricted interchangeability is available for all
processes that support MPN.
Material exchange functions are available in the following applications:
Material Exchange Using SCM
Material Exchange in Purchasing
Material Exchange in MRP
Material Exchange in Inventory Management
Goods movement using transaction code MIGO. You can interchange parts in the following:
Goods issue for the stock transport order and reservation
Goods receipt for the purchase order
Material Exchange in the Sales Order Product Selection
Creation of subitems in stock transport orders. For more information, see Material Exchange in Stock Transport Orders .
Material Exchange in PM Orders, PP Orders, and Networks
Supersession
Changes to the design, form and function of parts require vendors and manufacturers to replace obsolete parts with new versions of the same parts. If a new
version of a part can replace the old version, the system issues a new part number. The new number requires changes to be made in stock, in
procurement, in production, in material requirements planning and in sales; that means in all core processes in the supply chain. You must also determine
replacement rules and validity dates for the new part.
For more information, see Supersession .
1.1 Fully Interchangeable Parts
Definition
Parts that are fully and two-way interchangeable in terms of their use in procurement, MRP, and sales processes.
Use
You group parts, which have the same technical properties (in terms of form, fit and function), but are made by different manufacturers, as fully interchangeable
parts in a common class of interchangeable parts – a Form-Fit-Function (FFF) Class .
Structure
Fully interchangeable parts are always inventory-managed manufacturer parts with material type Interchangeable Part (or equivalent).Every inventory-managed
manufacturer part is uniquely assigned to a Form-Fit-Function-Class (FFF Class) , which the system uses to determine the parts that are interchangeable.
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If a part has already been assigned to an FFF class, the FFF class is displayed in the Basic Data view of the material master record. You assign parts to an
FFF class in another maintenance transaction, not in the material master. For more information, see Maintaining Fully Interchangeable Parts .
Note
An FFF class must be assigned to a manufacturer part profile ; all parts in the FFF class “inherit” certain properties applying to interchangeability from the
profile. You can also assign a part directly to the manufacturer part profile. The properties defined with the profile are valid only for this part.
If a part is assigned to an FFF class and a manufacturer part profile, the properties of the directly-assigned manufacturer part profile are valid.
Some of the fields in the material master data for the parts that are grouped in an FFF class have to be identical. For example, the base unit of quantity must be
identical for the parts in an FFF class to allow the correct comparison of substitute stock.
Integration
You can display a complete overview of the fully interchangeable parts and of the restricted and one-way interchangeable parts for a particular part. For more
information, see Graphical Display of all Interchangeability Relationships .
1.1.1 Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Part
Use
Inventory-managed manufacturer parts have the same technical characteristics and are fully interchangeable parts. Each inventory-managed manufacturer part
belongs to an FFF class and has its own stock.
An inventory-managed manufacturer part has a material master record on the Basic Data tab page that contains the following information:
Manufacturer part number (MPN)
External manufacturer
Features
Like every other part in the SAP system, an inventory-managed manufacturer part has an SAP-specific material number that uniquely identifies it. If this material
number is uncommon or unknown to the vendor, you can do the following:
Enter a part with its MPN and its external manufacturer, and not just with its material number. This is possible because of the input conversion of material
numbers.
The system displays this part with its MPN and the external manufacturer in lists and screens. This is possible because of the output conversion of
material numbers
You define inventory-managed manufacturer parts with a material type, which you determine in Customizing for use with inventory-managed MPN. You can use
the default material type HERB Interchangeable Part for this purpose.
1.1.1.1 Manufacturer Part Number (MPN)
Definition
Specification for a manufacturer’s part in the parts catalog.
Manufacturers use the manufacturer part number (MPN) to identify their parts.
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Use
To support large systems, the manufacturer supplies a catalog with illustrations and text for all replacement parts that can be ordered. The customer has to use
the part ID (either the MPN or the vendor’s own number) used in the catalog.
Structure
The MPN is an attribute in the material master record (within the Basic Data view) of an inventory-managed manufacturer part.
Integration
The MPN is not necessarily unique.
Two different manufacturers might use the same MPN for two completely different parts, although this is highly improbable. The MPN only uniquely identifies a
part when used together with the external manufacturer (manufacturer code) .
Other identifiers are also used for parts (for example, the item reference, the supplier reference number, or the supplier master number). In industry sectors
dealing with defense, the term “part indicator” has become standard over the last few years; military standards (MIL-STD) use the part number (PART NUMBER)
and the reference number (REFNO).
1.1.1.2 External Manufacturer (Manufacturer Code)
Definition
The manufacturer’s own code, not the SAP manufacturer code.
Use
You use the external manufacturer together with the manufacturer part number (MPN) to uniquely identify an inventory-managed manufacturer part .
Structure
You define the external manufacturer as an attribute in the vendor master record (within the Controlling view).
Integration
The external manufacturer is not the same as the vendor number used for the manufacturer in the SAP system; it is an additional attribute in the manufacturer or
vendor master record.
In the aviation industry, the manufacturer requests a manufacturer code from the National Codification Bureau of the relevant country; this is the Commercial and
Government Entity Code (CAGE Code) . In the civil aviation industry, the request still goes to the National Codification Bureau, even if the manufacturer has first
requested a CAGE assignment from the Air Transport Association (ATA).
1.1.1.3 Interchangeability Type and Interchangeability Category
Definition
These two terms are often used as synonyms for one another.
The interchangeability type, or category, is a two-character code with a descriptive text:
01Interchangeability for Supersession
02 Interchangeability for Inventory-Managed MPN
03 Restricted Interchangeability
98 Manually-defined interchangeability (subcontracting)
99 Freely-defined interchangeability (BAdI)
1.1.1.4 Input and Output Conversion of Material Numbers
Use
Like every other part in the SAP system, an inventory-managed manufacturer part has an SAP-specific material number that uniquely identifies it. If this material
number is uncommon or unknown to the vendor, you should consider the following (especially in the purchasing process):
You can enter a part with its Manufacturer Part Number (MPN) and its External Manufacturer , and not just with its material number. This is possible
because of the input conversion of material numbers.
The system displays this part with its Manufacturer Part Number and the External Manufacturer in lists and screens. This is possible because of the
output conversion of material numbers.
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You have to increase the maximum field length for input and output values in the Output Length for Material Numbers field to enter and display the MPN and the
manufacturer code in one field
Prerequisites
You have made the following settings in Customizing:
You have activated the conversion exit for material numbers.
You have maintained a delimiter. The delimiter separates the MPN and the external manufacturer when they are entered or displayed in one field.
You have specified a maximum output length for material numbers. This means that the fields for the long material number are scrollable, and the output
columns for lists are wider.
You configure and activate the conversion exit for material numbers in Customizing by choosing Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Set Up
Conversion Exit for Material Numbers .
Features
Input Conversion
If you have activated the conversion exit , you can enter the relevant MPN instead of the material number in the relevant input fields.
Note
If the MPN is not unique, you enter the external manufacturer in the same field, separating the MPN and the external manufacturer by the delimiter defined in
Customizing.
Example
You have defined : as the delimiter.
Enter 45L700W:36121 ( Manufacturer Part Number, Delimiter ,and External Manufacturer) for the part, instead of material number 1011 . If the MPN is
unique, you only have to enter 45L700W (the Manufacturer Part Number ).
You can now scroll the input field for the material number. This allows you to enter the maximum output length for material numbers, which has also been defined
in Customizing.
Note
Input conversion gives you an alternate and additional input option. You can still enter the ERP material number to identify a part.
The system determines the correct material number from your input, and passes it to the program logic. The system handles your input as follows:
If your entry contains the delimiter , the system splits the entry at the delimiter, interprets both parts of the entry as the Manufacturer Part Number and the
External Manufacturer respectively, and searches for a part corresponding to these entries
If your entry does not contain a delimiter , the system interprets your entry as an (ERP) material number, and searches for the corresponding part in the
material master. If this is unsuccessful, the system interprets your entry as an MPN, and searches for the corresponding part.
If the system cannot determine a part clearly, or the search is unsuccessful, it issues an error message.
Value Range for MPN on the Selection Screen

The system converts the MPN into a material number internally.
To ensure that the system correctly interprets the value range for an MPN that is entered as selection criteria, when the conversion exit is activated, the system
provides both the material number and the MPN as selection criteria in the selection screen.
Output Conversion
If the conversion exit is activated , the output conversion ensures that the system displays the MPN and the external manufacturer on screens and in lists,
separated by the delimiter in the field or column that usually displays the ERP material number.
Note
If the Output Length for Material Numbers field in Customizing is not long enough to display both the MPN and the external manufacturer, the system
displays the MPN, if it is unique.
If the MPN is not unique or the output length too short, the system displays the ERP material number.
The system displays parts with the output length defined in Customizing. In addition:
You can scroll the output field for the material number on screens .
The system adjusts the layout of lists to the output length.
List Formatting
If you use the inventory-managed MPN, you have to change the list formatting as follows:
Variable length of the material number in reports
In cases of the automatic conversion of the material number into an MPN and external manufacturer, the system takes account of the Output Length for
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Material Numbers field (defined in Customizing) when it structures the lists for selected reports. This ensures that columns are aligned, line breaks are
correct, and the lists can be read.
Adding a field for the external manufacturer
The external manufacturer should also be displayed in lists because the MPN, into which the material number is automatically converted, is not always
unique.
In Customizing, you have defined whether the external manufacturer should be displayed with the MPN. The system adds the field for the external
manufacturer immediately after the field for the MPN in lists and on the screen.
You can display the external manufacturer with or without an active conversion exit.
Sorting by MPN, not by material number
You can sort some lists by material number.
You can sort by MPN in cases where the MPN is displayed instead of the material number.
1.1.2 Form-Fit-Function Class (FFF Class)
Definition
Grouping of fully interchangeable parts that have identical technical properties in terms of form, fit, and function.
Use
An FFF class is used as a “link” to group fully interchangeable, inventory-managed manufacturer parts .
Structure
Every FFF class is represented in the system by a part with material type FFFC ( Form-Fit-Function Class ). This part contains the “header data” of the FFF
class. Unlike interchangeable parts, the part representing the FFF class is not inventory-managed and cannot be procured. Therefore, a material master record
has only a Basic Data view for this material type.
The FFF class is managed and determined within the system; you cannot see it.
Every FFF class is assigned to a manufacturer part profile that defines the FFF class properties, and indirectly, the properties of the parts grouped within it.
Note
A workflow definition in your system creates an FFF class and assigns a part to the FFF class subject to the material type of every part that you create. If
necessary, you can activate this workflow. This means that you no longer have to create an FFF class.
For more information, see Automatic Creation of FFF Classes .
Integration
You enter the NATO Stock Number (NSN) for the part that represents an FFF class to use the NSN to commonly identify interchangeable, inventory-managed
manufacturer parts in Materials Management .
1.1.2.1 Maintaining Fully Interchangeable Parts
Use
You group inventory-managed manufacturer parts that are fully interchangeable with each other in a common class of interchangeable parts a Form-Fit-Function
Class (FFF Class).
Prerequisites
Making Global Settings
If you are setting the Manufacturer Part Number indicator for the first time, activate theMPNandBMAindicators for theMARA-BMATNfield to avoid performance
loss.
To use manufacturer part numbers, you have to set the Manufacturer Part Number indicator. To set the indicator, in Customizing choose Logistics General →
Material Master → Basic Settings → Make Global Settings
Defining a Manufacturer Part Profile

A manufacturer part profile can be relevant to either only inventory-managed parts or only non-inventory-managed manufacturer parts. You define this in the profile
attributes using the IM Manufacturer Part indicator . You define the manufacturer part profile in Customizing for Purchasing under Material Master → Define
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Manufacturer Part Profile .
Creating Master Records for Manufacturers

You have created individual master records for the manufacturers of interchangeable parts, and entered the external manufacturer name in the External
Manufacturer field in the control data of the vendor master. The system uses the external manufacturer together with the manufacturer part number (MPN) to
uniquely identify an inventory-managed manufacturer part.
If the manufacturer is not also the vendor, you create the manufacturer as a vendor with a limited vendor master record. You can use account group MNFR.
If the manufacturer can alsobe the vendor, you create a full vendor master record. You create this vendor master record with an account group assigned to a
partner schema that takes account of the partner role HS. (In Customizing for Purchasing choose Partner Determination → Partner Settings in Vendor Master
Record to define the partner schemas and assign them to account groups .)
For more information about maintaining vendor master records, see Maintaining Vendor Master Records .
Procedure
Maintaining Full Interchangeability of Parts

From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Logistics → Central Functions → Engineering → Interchangeability of Parts → Maintain .
If you want to assign parts in an FFF class, enter the FFF Class on the selection screen and choose Goto → Full Interchangeability .
If you enter an FFF class that does not exist, the system calls material master maintenance to allow you to create the new FFF class. In such a case, you create
one material master record with material type FFFC Form-Fit-Function-Class . In the Basic Data view, you assign the part to a manufacturer part profile ,
which defines the basic attributes of the interchangeable manufacturer parts in this FFF class.
On the selection screen, you can also enter a part in the Material field. If the part is already assigned to an FFF class, the system display this part in the group
box at the bottom along with all the parts that are interchangeable with it.
If a conversion exit is activated, you can either enter the SAP material number or the MPN. The system converts your entry into the MPN and adds the external
manufacturer to it.
The system displays all the interchangeable parts that are already grouped in this FFF class in the group box at the bottom.
In the group box at the bottom, enter the parts that should be assigned to the entered FFF class, or the parts that should be interchangeable with the entered part.
If you enter a part that does not exist, the system calls material master maintenance to allow you to create the part. In such a case, you create a material master
record with material type HERB Interchangeable Part . In the Basic Data view, you maintain the following:
External manufacturer
Manufacturer part number (MPN) used in the manufacturer’s parts catalog.
Some of the fields in the material master data for the parts that are grouped in an FFF class have to be identical. For example, the base unit of quantity must be
identical to allow the correct comparison of substitute stock.
When you assign parts to an FFF class, the system checks the consistency of the data entered in these fields. You can use a report to copy the common fields
from a reference part to all other parts. For more information about consistency checks and copying of material master data, see Data Consistency in Material
Master Maintenance .
4. Save your entries.
The system assigns the new parts to the FFF class of the part that you entered.
What happens if you enter parts that are already assigned to another FFF class or MPN-MRP set?
You have entered partA. If you now want to maintain partX, which belongs to a different FFF class, as interchangeable with partA
If partXis the only part in its FFF class, the system enquires whether you want to assign part X to the FFF class of partA. On confirmation, the system assigns it
to the FFF class and sets a deletion indicator on the original FFF class of partX
( )
● If partXis not the only part in its FFF class, the system asks whether
You want to move only partXto the FFF class of partA, or
You want to move all parts in the FFF class of partXto the FFF class of partA, and set a deletion indicator for the FFF class of partX( Extend to FFF Class ).
( )
● If you work with MPN-MRP sets and partXtogether belongs with other parts to an MPN-MRP set, the system ensures that the total MPN-MRP set changes its
FFF class. The system asks whether
You want to move all the parts in the MPN-MRP set of partXas well as the MPN-MRP set to the FFF class of partA( Extend to MPN-MRP Set ), or
You want to move all the parts in the FFF class of partXincluding their MPN-MRP sets to the FFF class of partA, and set a deletion indicator for the FFF class of
partX( Extend to FFF Class ).
( )
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If you want to move only partX, you have to remove it from the MPN-MRP set. For more information, see Creating and Changing MPN-MRP Sets .
MPN-MRP sets can overlap in different plants. If you use Extend to MPN-MRP Set , you may include parts into the full interchangeability that belong to other
MPN-MRP sets (in other plants). In such a case, the system provides the Extend to MPN-MRP Set function again.
It is not possible to merge two FFF classes if they each contain MPN-MRP sets that have the same name.
Deleting Full Interchangeability of Parts

If you no longer want some parts to be fully interchangeable with others in the same FFF class, you select the parts to be deleted in the list of fully
interchangeable parts and choose Edit → Delete Line .
MPN-MRP Sets
If the part that you want to delete belongs to an MPN-MRP set in the FFF class, you have to remove the whole MPN-MRP set from the interchangeability. The
system helps you by asking the relevant questions.
If the part that you want to delete from full interchangeability belongs to different MPN-MRP sets in different plants in the FFF class, you have to remove all the
MPN-MRP sets from the interchangeability. The system helps you by asking the relevant questions.
1.1.2.1.1 Automatic Creation of FFF Classes
Use
This function allows you the option of setting up the system in a way that supports the automatic creation of an FFF class. When you create a new part, you might
want the system to automatically create a Form-Fit-Function (FFF) class and assign the part to it. If so, you use a workflow definition to create an FFF class,
subject to the material type of the part that you create, and assign the part to that FFF class.
You can activate this workflow. This means that you no longer have to create FFF classes.
Prerequisites
You have knowledge of the WebFlow Engine and have set up workflow-specific Customizing. ( Tools → Business Workflow → Development → Utilities →
Automatic Workflow Customizing .)
For more information on workflows, see WebFlow Engine (BC-BMT-WFM) .
Features
A workflow with workflow template WS80000041 ( Creation of FFF Class in Background ) creates an FFF class for a part, assigns the part to the FFF class,
and sends a mail to the user who created the part.
If any errors occur, the system sends you a mail.
Workflow template WS80000041 is linked to the triggering event BUS1001006. created ( Standard Part Created ).
Activities
Defining Start Conditions

If you do not want the workflow to start every time you create a new part, you define starting conditions to determine when the workflow should start. For example, it
could start when you create a particular material type, or when a particular user creates a part.
To define start conditions, from the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Tools → Business Workflow → Development → Definition Tools → Events → Event
Linkages → Workflow Start Conditions.
Define start conditions for the event linkage between the triggering event BUS1001006. created and workflow template WS80000041.
Setting Initial Values
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You have to define the following parameters as initial values of the workflow definition, so that the system can create an FFF class:
Material type
Industry
Description
Manufacturer part profile
To set initial values, change workflow template WS80000041 and choose Goto → Assign Initial Values .
Assign the relevant initial values to the following container elements in the workflow container:
MaterialType (default value FFFC)
IndustrySector
MaterialDescription
MPNProfile
Maintaining an Inventory-Managed Part as a “Link”
Use
The part that you use as a “link” for fully interchangeable parts must also be in stock so that it can be ordered. This condition may arise if you use the NATO
Stock Number as the manufacturer part number (MPN) for the link part.
In such a case, you do not create the part with material type FFFC .
Caution
The concept described elsewhere in this application documentation explains how to group an inventory-managed interchangeable manufacturer part into a
common non-inventory-managed part known as the FFF class.
The following procedure deviates from this concept!
Procedure
1. Create the link part as a part with material type HERB .
2. Enter a manufacturer part number .
3. Enter a manufacturer part profile .
Result
This part is now an inventory-managed part that you can also use as a link because of its link to a manufacturer part profile.
You can now assign this part with material type HERB to all the interchangeable inventory-managed manufacturer parts, by entering it in the FFF Class of their
basic data. (You do not need a part with material type FFFC for this scenario.)
1.1.2.2 MPN-MRP Set
Definition
The parts in a manufacturer part number-material requirements planning set (MPN-MRP set) are a subset of the inventory-managed manufacturer parts in one
FFF class and should be treated as fully interchangeable parts in MRP, inventory management, and the availability check.
Every MPN-MRP set has exactly one leading part that represents this MPN-MRP set from the MRP view. If the joint stock of all of the parts in the MPN-MRP set
cannot satisfy the requirement, the leading part is procured substitutionally for the parts in the MPN-MRP set.
Working with MRP Areas

If you work in MRP without MRP areas, the following applies:
MPN-MRP sets group the parts in an FFF class in a plant without overlap. Every part in an FFF class can only belong to a maximum of one MPN-MRP set
in a plant.
If you work in MRP with MRP areas, the following applies:
MPN-MRP sets group the parts in an FFF class in a plant and an MRP area without overlap. Every part in an FFF class can only belong to one MPN-MRP
set in a plant and an MRP area.
A part can belong to different MPN-MRP sets in a plant, if the MPN-MRP sets belong to different MRP areas.
An MRP area is an organizational unit with one or more storage locations in a plant. A storage location in a plant can be assigned to only one MRP area. Every
plant has a plant-MRP area with all of the storage locations that have not been allocated to an MRP area of their own.
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Use
You can group interchangeable parts in an MPN-MRP set. The system considers the stock and requirements of parts in an MPN-MRP set as cumulative.
For MRP , this means that the system generates a new procurement proposal, only if the requirement for a part in the MPN-MRP set can no longer be
covered by the overall stock of the other parts in the MPN-MRP set. The procurement proposal is generated for the leading part in this MPN-MRP set.
Example
In a plant, the MRP for part D is subject to the MRP area and the MPN-MRP set, and ranges from either the parts B , D , E (MPN-MRP set C in MRP
area B , part D is procured) or the parts A , B , C , D , E , F (MPN-MRP set B in MRP area A , part C is procured).
With regard to the automatic availability check in Sales and Distribution (SD) for sales orders, the stock that is used to fulfill a sales order is taken from
the cumulated stock of all parts in the MPN-MRP set. If the available quantity of the originally ordered part is too low to fill the order, the system adds one or
more parts from the same MPN-MRP set to the order.
Example
The availability check in SD for part D is dependent on the MRP area and the storage location, and applies either only to parts E and F , or also to
parts A , B , C , and E . Parts X , Y , and Z are never taken into account by D in the availability check, although they belong to the same FFF class.
In the manual availability check in Plant Maintenance and Customer Service (PM/CS) for maintenance and production orders, the system proposes
other interchangeable parts if a material component is not available. For this purpose, the system takes account of all fully interchangeable parts in the
same FFF class; different colored traffic-light icons show whether they belong to different MPN-MRP sets.
Structure
You define each MPN-MRP set for one plant and one MRP area (if necessary).
Note
If you work without MRP areas, the easiest way to define an MPN-MRP set is to group all the parts in an FFF class into one MPN-MRP set for each plant.
If you work with MRP areas, the easiest way to define an MPN-MRP set is to group all the parts in the FFF class into one MPN-MRP set for each plant and
plant-MRP area. The system automatically creates the plant-MRP area, which has the same number as the plant and includes the whole plant with all the
storage locations that are not planned separately. All parts also belong to the plant-MRP area.
You assign selected parts (for example, those which you plan separately for certain customers and which you want to have available) to an MRP area that
you have created for this purpose by creating the segment for the MRP area in the material master. You group these parts in one MPN-MRP set for this MRP
area.
Integration
Planning File
On changing an MPN-MRP set (by adding or deleting part for example), the system makes an entry in the planning file, because requirements and
replenishment elements can also be transferred in or out with the part. The entry is always for the leading part in the MPN-MRP set irrespective of the affected
part.
A separate entry is written to the planning file for parts that have been deleted from an MPN-MRP set.
For additional information about the processes in material requirements planning and the use of planning files, see the PP documentation - Material Requirements
planning , under Checking the Planning File .
Product Group
Exactly one product group on the plant level can be generated for every MPN-MRP set. You cannot generate different product groups with different MRP areas on
plant level. Product groups and MPN-MRP sets contain the same parts. Once a product group has been generated, the system ensures it remains consistent
with the MPN-MRP set because changes to the MPN-MRP set also change the product group.
You can use the product groups in the overview functions (for example, in the stock/requirements list) to select all the parts that belong to an MPN-MRP set. Do
not use these product groups, which represent MPN-MRP sets, in Sales & Operations Planning (SOP).
1.1.2.2.1 Interchangeable Manufacturer Parts in MRP
Use
This function enables you to exchange manufacturer parts in material requirements planning (MRP). In MRP, the system takes account of the interchangeability of
inventory-managed manufacturer parts . This ensures that part “A” is not ordered, if part “B”, which is interchangeable with “A”, is in stock.
Interchangeable parts, which can and should be jointly planned, are grouped in plant-specific MPN-MRP sets . MPN-MRP sets contain all the parts in a Form-
Fit-Function (FFF) class or at least some of the interchangeable parts in an FFF class. While the common FFF class expresses the technical and functional
interchangeability from the manufacturer’s point of view, the grouping into MPN-MRP sets expresses the customer’s business point of view.
Prerequisites
You have maintained the MPN-MRP sets for the interchangeable parts in an FFF class. For more information, see Creating and Changing MPN-MRP Sets .
Features
Parts Planning
The manufacturer parts in an MPN-MRP set are planned together. This means that the system takes account of the pegged requirements and the replenishment
elements for all parts. The determined requirement is covered by a procurement proposal for the leading part in the MPN-MRP set. The following planning
features are available:
Consumption-based planning of parts in MPN-MRP sets
Material requirements planning of parts in MPN-MRP sets
Master Production Scheduling (MPS) and Long Term Planning

MPS and long-term production planning take account of MPN-MRP sets. For more information, see Long Term Planning and Master Production Scheduling .
Planned Independent Requirements from Forecasting

The system interprets all the planned independent requirements that result from forecasting of the different parts in an MPN-MRP set as a planned independent
requirement for the leading part. Consequently, a planned independent requirement for a part can be satisfied by another part in the same MPN-MRP set.
Pegging/Order Report
The joint MRP of the interchangeable parts in an MPN-MRP set means that the different requirements for the different parts can be satisfied by the replenishment
element of the leading part. The system takes this into account with both Pegged Requirements and Pegging .
1.1.2.2.1.1 Consumption-Based Planning of Parts in MPN-MRP

Sets
Use
This function enables you to perform consumption-based planning of parts in MPN-MRP sets. Consumption-based planning is based on past consumption-values
and provides an estimate of future requirements with the help of forecasts or statistical procedures. The future requirement is the result of either a shortfall for a
defined reorder point or forecast requirements that the system calculates using past consumption values.
Reorder point planning
In this material requirement planning (MRP) procedure, procurement is triggered when the total of the warehouse stock and the fixed receivables is lower
than the reorder point.
The reorder point and the safety stock are central control parameters in reorder point planning. They can be defined by the MRP controller or calculated by
the system. Reorder point planning has two different procedures:
Manual reorder point planning
If you want to use manual reorder point planning, you define the reorder point and safety stock in the material master record.
Automatic reorder point planning
If you want to use automatic reorder point planning, the integrated forecast program determines the reorder point and safety stock. The program
determines forecast values for the future requirement by using past consumption values. The program calculates the reorder point and safety stock
subject to the service level and replenishment time of the part, which have been determined by the MRP controller. The program copies the reorder
point and safety stock to the relevant material master record.
The program is executed at regular intervals, therefore the reorder point and safety stock are adjusted to the respective consumption and delivery
situations. This contributes to stock reduction.
Forecast-based planning
Forecast-based planning is also aligned with material consumption. As in automatic reorder point planning, the integrated forecast program determines
forecast values for future requirements. As opposed to reorder point planning, however, in forecast-based planning these forecast values create the
requirement quantities for the planning run. Therefore, the forecast values are immediately effective as forecast requirements in requirements planning.
The system performs forecasting at regular intervals; it forecasts the future requirements based on past data. This is beneficial, because the requirement,
which has been determined automatically, is adjusted to the current consumption pattern. Material withdrawals reduce the forecast requirements; therefore,
the system does not re-plan the implemented portion of the forecast requirement.
Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Parts

If you use inventory-managed manufacturer parts, the system carries out forecasting for the leading part in the manufacturer part number-material requirement
planning (MPN-MRP) set. The system accumulates the historical consumption values for all parts in the MPN-MRP set.
In reorder point planning, the system compares the total from the warehouse stock and fixed receipts for all parts in the MPN-MRP set with the reorder point of
the leading part.
Features
Forecast of Parts in MPN-MRP Sets

The leading part represents the whole MPN-MRP set and is procured if there is a requirement.
To forecast the requirement of the leading part on plant level, it is not sufficient to take account of only the past consumption of that part. The system also has to
take account of the stock and cumulative historical consumption values for all parts in the MPN-MRP set. Therefore, the period indicators have to match for all
parts in an MPN-MRP set.
The system uses the procurement data of the leading part. It considers the service level of the leading part to calculate the safety stock and the reorder point for
reorder point planning.
The forecast values (forecast consumption) of the leading part in an MPN-MRP set are the forecast values of the whole MPN-MRP set.
Total Consumption of MPN-MRP Sets

The Consumption view of the material master for the leading part displays the individual consumption value for the leading part and the cumulative
consumption value for all parts in the MPN-MRP set. You cannot enter or change the cumulative consumption value for all parts in the MPN-MRP set.
Activities
To switch between the individual consumption values and the cumulative consumption values from the past, you use ( ) Set Totals On / ( ) Set Totals
Off in the Consumption view of the material master for the leading part . (This function does not exist in the Consumption view for non-leading parts.)
1.1.2.2.1.2 MRP of Parts in MPN-MRP Sets
Use
This function enables you to perform material requirements planning of parts in MRP-MPN sets. MRP is oriented to current and future sales. Planned and exact
requirements quantities trigger the net requirements calculation. In MRP, the requirements elements are sales orders, planned independent requirements, material
reservations, and so on, as well as dependent requirements, and so on, that arise from the BOM explosion.
Within MRP, the system initially performs the net requirements calculation for all the requirements quantities that have to be planned. This means that the
available warehouse stock and planned receipts from Purchasing and Production are compared with planned independent requirements, material reservations,
and incoming sales orders. If there are any shortages, meaning the available stock (including fixed receipts) is lower than the requirements quantity, the system
generates order proposals.
Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Parts

If you use inventory-managed manufacturer parts, the system takes account of all the parts in an MPN-MRP set and generates an order proposal for the leading
part in requirements planning .
Features
MRP can only take place for the leading part in an MPN-MRP set. The system automatically considers the MRP elements of all the parts in the MPN-MRP set.
The system automatically deletes receipts that are not fixed for non-leading parts during the planning run.
Note
You cannot carry out MRP for the non-leading parts in an MPN-MRP set.
MRP List
The MRP list always represents the requirements and stock situation from the latest planning period , and is used by controllers as a base. The system does
not take changes made after the planning date into account; the list is static.
The MRP list only exists for the leading part of an MPN-MRP set; it does not exist for the non-leading parts. The MRP list for the leading part contains all the
information about all the parts in the MPN-MRP set.
Current Stock/Requirements List
The stock/requirements list shows the current trend of valid stock and requirements.
As opposed to the MRP list, the stock/requirements list reads and displays different MRP elements each time it is created. This provides you with up-to-date
information on part availability (dynamic view), whereas the MRP list provides you with the stock and requirements situation at the time of planning (static view).
You access the current stock/requirements list for the leading and non-leading parts in an MPN-MRP set. The information on the part that you enter is displayed
when you call up the current stock/requirements list.
Note
In the stock/requirements list, you can switch between the single material view and the aggregated view for FFF classes as required. This also applies to the
stock overview (transaction code mmbe) .
Activities
You call up the current stock/requirements list for any part in an MPN-MRP set. Choose Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management
Environment Stock Stock/Requirements List .
Showing/Hiding MPN-MRP Set Totals

When you call the list, the default view is determined by the Do Not Display Aggregated Stock checkbox in the user settings. This checkbox d efines whether
the system displays the aggregated view (checkbox remains unflagged; this is the system default setting) or the standard single material view (checkbox is
flagged).
If you choose ( ) Show MPN-MRP Set, you can display the stock/requirements information for the complete MPN-MRP set.
Note
You can use this function for showing and hiding MPN-MRP set totals irrespective of the setting in the checkbox Do Not Display Aggregated Stock.
If you show the MPN-MRP set total:

The (first) row of the MRP element Stock displays the cumulative stock of all parts in the MPN-MRP set. Double-click on any field in this row to display the
different partial stock of manufacturer parts.
An additional column displays the parts in the MPN-MRP set that have requirements contributing to the displayed stock/requirements situation.
The statistical data (balance, receipts, withdrawals, range of coverage, and so on) in the header data of the part always applies to the total MPN-MRP set.
If you hide the MPN-MRP set total, the statistical data always applies to the part you entered to call the current stock/requirements list.
If you choose ( ) Hide MPN-MRP Set, you return to the current stock/requirements list for the part in the MPN-MRP set that you entered.
Note
( )/ ( ) Show MPN-MRP Set and Hide MPN-MRP Set are only available in the current stock/requirements list for the parts in an MPN-MRP set.
Displaying Interchangeable Parts

To display all the parts that are interchangeable with the entered part, choose Environment Display Interchangeabilities . The graphical display of
interchangeability relationships appears. For more information, see Graphical Display of all Interchangeability Relationships .
1.1.2.2.2 Creating and Changing MPN-MRP Sets
Use
You group interchangeable parts that belong to one Form-Fit-Function (FFF) class in manufacturer part number-material requirement planning (MPN-MRP) sets,
if the system should take account of the interchangeability of these parts in material requirements planning (MRP).
Note
The system can create the MPN-MRP sets for all parts that are contained in the same FFF class. For more information, see Generating MPN-MRP Sets
Automatically .
Prerequisites
The parts that should be included in MPN-MRP sets
Are assigned to a common FFF class and must exist in the plant
Have an MRP type that allows MRP
Have the same attributes that are relevant for MRP These attributes are material type, base unit of measure, MRP group, MRP type, period indicator for
forecast requirements, and so on.
MRP Areas
If you want to use MRP areas to plan requirements and create MPN-MRP sets, you have to
Activate MRP for MRP areas in Customizing for Requirements Planning
Create MRP areas in the plant and assign storage locations
Assign one or more MRP areas to the planning parts by creating an MRP area segment for each MRP area in the material master.
Note
A plant-MRP area already exists and covers all storage locations in the whole plant by default. Once you create your own MRP areas, the system
removes the storage locations in these MRP areas from the plant-MRP area.
Every part is assigned automatically to the plant-MRP area.
You can define parameters for requirement planning and forecasting for each part and assigned MRP area. These parameters can be different to those
defined for the whole plant.
For more information, see MRP Area .
Procedure
1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Logistics Central Functions Engineering Interchangeability of Parts Maintain .
2. On the selection screen, enter a Material or an FFF class and choose Goto MPN-MRP Sets.
If conversion-exit is activated, you can enter the SAP material number or the MPN. The system converts your entry into the MPN and adds the external
manufacturer to it.
3. Choose Edit New Entries. Then enter the following data:
A name for the MPN-MRP set
The parts in the FFF class that you want to group in the MPN-MRP set
One part in the MPN-MRP set as the leading part
If an error occurs, the system displays an error log. The MPN-MRP set is not saved. To run consistency checks, choose Utilities Check .
Functions for Changing MPN-MRP Sets
Menu Use
Utilities MPN-MRP Set Generate MPN-MRP Set ( Generate Set ) Copies all FFF class parts to an MPN-MRP set.
If you do not enter an MRP area, the system enters the plant-MRP area.
If the MPN-MRP set does not exist, the system adds all parts in the FFF class. Select a
part as the leading part .
If the MPN-MRP set exists, the system adds the parts that belong to the FFF class,
which are not in the MPN-MRP set. The leading part of the MPN-MRP set remains the
same.
Utilities MPN-MRP Set Copy MPN-MRP Set ( Copy Set ) Copy the complete MPN-MRP set of the selected part from a plant or MRP area to
another plant or MRP area.
Utilities MPN-MRP Set Delete MPN-MRP Set ( Delete Set ) Deletes the complete MPN-MRP set of the selected part.
Utilities MPN-MRP Set Split MPN-MRP Set ( Split Set ) Moves the selected parts to a new MPN-MRP set.
Utilities MPN-MRP Set Connect MPN-MRP Sets ( Connect Sets ) Connects the whole MPN-MRP set of selected parts to another existing MPN-MRP set.
Utilities MPN-MRP Set Move Set ( Move Set ) Moves the whole MPN-MRP set of the selected part to another plant or MRP area.
Utilities Product Group Generate Product Group ( Generate Product Group Generates a product groupthat contains the same parts as in the MPN-MRP set.
) The system copies subsequent changes to the MPN-MRP set automatically to the
product group.
Utilities Product Group Delete Product Group ( Delete Product Group ) Deletes a product group.
1.1.2.2.2.1 Generating MPN-MRP Sets Automatically
Use
The system generates the relevant manufacturer part number-material requirement planning (MPN-MRP) sets containing all the Form-Fit-Function (FFF) class
parts for a selection of FFF classes.
Prerequisites
You have maintained and assigned the parts and the FFF classes.
Procedure
1. To carry out mass maintenance for the MPN-MRP sets, call transaction PIC31 .
2. Enter the required data.
Note
All MPN-MRP sets have the same name.
3. Set the processing parameters as required:
Determine lead part in dialog? : If you select this indicator, you must determine the leading part in the dialog for each MPN-MRP set that is
generated. If you do not set it, the system automatically marks the first part in the MPN-MRP set as the leading part.
Extend existing sets : If you select this indicator, the system adds the FFF class parts that are not yet contained in the existing MPN-MRP set.
Test run
1.1.2.3 NATO Stock Number (NSN)
Definition
Unique label for a part that is manufactured in a NATO member state.
Use
The NSN is issued by the " national codification bureau " (NCB) of the relevant country of manufacture in accordance with a standardized classification
procedure. This allocation is not dependent on the country of the consumer.
Structure
( )
1.1.3 Manufacturer Part Profile
Definition
A manufacturer part profile contains indicators and control parameters, which define the conditions for using (inventory-managed or non-inventory-managed)
manufacturer parts in the procurement process.
Caution
A manufacturer part profile is used either only for non-inventory-managed manufacturer parts or only for inventory-managed manufacturer parts . You use
the Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Part indicator in the profile attributes to define the use.
Use
You assign the manufacturer part profile in the Basic data view of an FFF class . The attributes defined in the profile are valid for all the inventory-managed
manufacturer parts that belong to that FFF class.
Note
You can also assign a manufacturer part profile directly to a part. The attributes defined in the profile are then valid for that part.
Structure
If you select the Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Part indicator, you can select only the following profile parameters:
Indicator Use
MPN Change If you set this indicator, you can exchange the part assigned to the profile in the
procurement process.
You should always select this indicator.
User-Defined Exchange in Quotation If you set this indicator, you can accept the exchange of a part that has been quoted, even
if the part quoted by the vendor does not belong to the same FFF class as the part that
you originally requested.
Restricted Interchangeability Between FFF Classes If you set this indicator, the restricted interchangeability between two materials also refers
to all other materials in the same FFF classes.
For more information, see Maintaining Restricted Interchangeable Parts .
Integration
You define the manufacturer part profile in Customizing for Purchasing by choosing Material Master Define Manufacturer Part Profile .
Material Types Interchangeable Part and FFF Class
Definition
The material types for Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Part Numbers are:
HERB Interchangeable Part
FFFC Form-Fit-Function Class
Use
You use material type HERB Interchangeable Part for interchangeable, inventory-managed manufacturer parts .
You can maintain all views for a part with this material type. In the Basic Data view, you can maintain the External Manufacturer and Manufacturer Part
Number .
You use material type FFFC Form-Fit-Function Class for the part that defines an FFF class , and that is a link grouping all interchangeable inventory-
managed manufacturer parts.
You can only maintain the Basic Data view for this material type. You have to specify a Manufacturer Part Profile .
Structure
When you define new material types you should consider the following fields for the material type properties:
Non-Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Part indicator
You use a material type with this attribute for standard non-inventory-managed manufacturer parts. Do not select this indicator for material types that you
use as inventory-managed manufacturer parts (for example, material type HERB Interchangeable Part ).
FFF Class indicator
You can maintain only the Basic Data view of a material type with this attribute. You must set this indicator for material types that you use for FFF classes
(for example, material type FFFC Form-Fit-Function-Class ).
You can select one of these indicators or neither of them.
Use
This function enables you to perform a check on data consistency. To guarantee data consistency in case of full or restricted interchangeability, certain master
data fields must contain the same values for all interchangeable parts.
Prerequisites
In tables MARA or MARC in the material master, you have defined the fields that have to contain identical data in the List of Common Fields that can be foundin
Customizing under Logistics General Interchangeability of Parts Determine Common Fields for Interchangeable Parts . You can define whether
each field is included in the check.
Features
Automatic Consistency Check

When you create interchangeability relationships (fully or restricted interchangeable), change the material master, or perform material exchange, the system
checks the list of common fields and writes inconsistencies to an error log.
In Customizing, you can set the message category ( Error or Warning ) for the inconsistency in the error log. If the error log contains only warnings, you can
continue processing, otherwise you must correct the inconsistent data.
You set the message category in Customizing by choosing Logistics – General Interchangeability of Parts Change Characteristics of System Messages
.
Caution
The check for the common base unit of measure is always carried out (the check behavior cannot be changed in Customizing). If the check ascertains that the
units of measure for the materials are not all the same, an error message is raised.
Note
To resolve inconsistencies in the material master you can save your changes despite error messages from the data consistency check if the authorization
object ADPIC_CFC is assigned to your user profile. For example, an FFF class contains four parts, two with unit ‘liter’ and two with unit ‘cm’. If you try to
change one part with unit ‘liter’ to ‘cm’, the system does not allow you to save because the fourth part still has a different unit of measure (liter).
Field Synchronization
The system can copy the common data from a reference part to another part belonging to the same FFF class.
Note
If you carry out the field synchronization in test mode without changes to the database, the log displays the possible inconsistencies between interchangeable
parts in an FFF class.
The system copies the content of plant-specific fields in the reference part to the same plant, providing you also create the target part in this plant.
Note
The system does not create new material master views for the target part. It copies the field content only if the corresponding view to which this field belongs
has already been created in the master data of the target part.
Activities
1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Logistics Central Functions Engineering Interchangeability of Parts Synchronization of
Interchangeable Parts .
2. Enter a reference material.
3. Choose Program Execute .
Use
This function enables you to use a graphical overview to display the interchangeability relationships (fully and restricted) of a part. One part can have full
interchangeability with some parts, but only restricted interchangeability with others.
Features
On the left of the screen, the graphical overview displays all parts that are:
Fully interchangeable with the originally entered part
Restricted or one-way interchangeable with the originally entered part. The parts are grouped by their interchangeability relationships (the long text of their
interchangeability codes ).
On the right of the screen, the graphical overview displays a selected part from the tree structure with the manufacturer part number, external manufacturer, and
FFF class. For each selected part, you can:
Branch to the material master ( ( ) Material Master )

Display the product structure ( ( ) Product Structure )
Display the assigned documents from the Document Management System (DMS) ( ( ) Documents )
Display the long text describing the interchangeability relationships in more detail ( ( ) Long Text )
Membership of Fully Interchangeable Parts in MPN-MRP Sets

An icon in front of each entry shows whether the part belongs to the same MPN-MRP set as the original part:
( ) (green traffic light): The part belongs to the same MPN-MRP set as the original part.
This icon only appears if the system can clearly determine an MPN-MRP set for the original part (on calling the graphic, the Plant and perhaps the
Storage Location or MRP Area were also specified).
( ) (yellow traffic light): The part does not belong to an MPN-MRP set.
( ) (red traffic light): The part does not belong to the same MPN-MRP set as the original part, or the system cannot clearly determine the MPN-MRP
set because it does not have sufficient details about the part, the storage location, and the MRP area.
Activities
1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Logistics Central Functions Engineering Interchangeability of Parts Display .
2. On the selection screen, enter a part in the Material field and choose Goto Full Interchangeability .
If conversion exit is activated, you can enter the SAP material number or the MPN. The system converts your entry into the MPN and adds the external
manufacturer to it.
If the part is assigned to a FFF class, the part and all other parts that are interchangeable with it are displayed in the lower group box.
3. Choose ( ) Graphic .
4. If you also want to display information about the MPN-MRP Sets , enter a Plant , a Storage Location , and an MRP Area .
The graphical overview appears.
5. To display a part on the right of the screen, choose ( ) Display next to the required part in the tree structure on the left of the screen.
1.2 One-Way and Restricted Interchangeable Parts
Definition
Parts that have a one-way interchangeability or parts that can be exchanged if they meet certain technical restrictions.
Example
One-way interchangeability: you can exchange chemical ABC for chemical XYZ without restriction, but not vice versa.
Restricted interchangeability: you can exchange chemical XYZ for chemical ABC if the operating temperature of 74°C is not exceeded and you wear
protection gloves during the process.
Restricted and one-way interchangeability: you can exchange a 1m board for a 2m board if you carry out an additional production step for “cut-to-length ” .
You cannot exchange a 2m board by a 1m board.
You use interchangeability codes to classify the restrictions and reasons for one-way or restricted interchangeability. You can maintain a short text and a
descriptive long text for each interchangeability code.
Use
The system displays the parts that are restricted or one-way interchangeable for selection or for information purposes, as it does with parts that are fully or two-way
interchangeable.
Integration
A part that has one-way or restricted interchangeability with another part is not allowed to belong to the same FFF class as the other part. If the parts belong to the
same FFF class, the parts are two-way or fully interchangeable inventory-managed manufacturer parts by definition; therefore, two parts that have one-way or
restricted interchangeability cannot belong to the same FFF class.
For more information about the maintenance of restricted interchangeability, see Maintaining Restricted Interchangeable Parts .
You can display a complete overview of fully, restricted, and one-way interchangeable parts for a part. For more information, see Display of all Interchangeability
Relationships .
1.2.1 Maintaining Restricted Interchangeable Parts
Use
You maintain all restricted interchangeable parts for a part. The interchangeability code defines the restrictions and conditions of interchangeability. Restricted
interchangeability functions are available for all processes that support MPN.
You may want the restricted interchangeability of two parts to apply to all other parts in the same FFF class. You control this using the indicator Restricted
Interchangeability Only Between FFF Classes in the manufacturer part profile.
Example
You consider two FFF classes with their elements and maintain the interchangeability relationship: Part A has restricted interchangeability with part X .
Subject to the indicator Restricted Interchangeability Only Between FFF Classes in the manufacturer part profile of the respective FFF class, the following
combinations are stored in the database:
Indicator not set in both FFF classes: Part A has restricted interchangeability with part X .
Indicator set in the FFF class of part A : The restricted interchangeability of part A is extended to parts B , and C in the FFF class.
Indicator set in the FFF class of part X : The restricted interchangeability of part X is extended to part Y in the FFF class.
Indicator set in both FFF classes: The restricted interchangeability is extended to all possible combinations.
Note
You can display a graphical overview of all parts that are fully and restricted interchangeable. For more information, see Graphical Display of all
Interchangeability Relationships .
Prerequisites
You have assigned all parts that should be considered during restricted interchangeability maintenance to a manufacturer part profile. You carry out this
assignment indirectly in an FFF class or directly as an entry in the material master.
In Customizing, you have maintained the interchangeability codes that determine the possible types of interchangeability relationships.
You should include authorization object ADPIC_RIC in the user profile if you want to be able to select the restricted interchangeable material.
Procedure
Maintaining One-Way or Restricted Interchangeability

1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Logistics Central Functions Engineering Interchangeability of Parts Maintain .
2. On the selection screen, enter a material and choose Goto Restricted Interchangeability .
If conversion-exit is activated, you can enter the SAP material number or the manufacturer part number (MPN). The system converts your entry into the
MPN and adds the external manufacturer to it.
Note
If you enter a part that has no setting for interchangeability in its manufacturer part profile , the system displays a warning. You can still maintain the
restricted or one-way interchangeable parts, but you will not be able to use them.
3. Choose Edit New Entries .

Enter the interchangeable parts with their interchangeability codes, and, if required, an FFF class.
Assigning Documents
You can assign a document to every interchangeability relationship to explain the reasons and conditions of interchangeability. The document management
system must recognize this document, which may be a technical drawing, graphic, or text.
1. Select an entry.
2. Choose Goto Documents Maintain Documents .
3. Enter the document info record.
For more information about creating documents, see Creating a Document in the CA Document Management documentation.
Creating Descriptions
You can assign a long text to an interchangeability relationship.
1. Select an entry.
2. Choose ( ) Long Text .
3. Enter a language code.
4. Enter and save the text.
1.2.2 Interchangeability Code
Definition
The criteria by which a part can be exchanged using one-way or restricted interchangeability. Interchangeability codes can be technical restrictions, external
circumstances, the reason for exchanging the part, or prerequisites that have to be met.
Example
Examples of interchangeability codes are:
Restricted interchangeability after an additional production step

Restricted interchangeability only if a category temperature is not exceeded
Use
Interchangeability codes are used to classify and describe the one-way or restricted interchangeability of two parts. They are therefore only applicable when the
interchangeability type is 03 .
Structure
The Interchangeability Code used with inventory-managed manufacturer parts is a two-character, alphanumeric key with a (language-dependent) description.
Integration
You maintain interchangeability codes and their descriptions in Customizing by choosing Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Maintain
Interchangeability Codes .
Note
You only have to maintain interchangeability codes if you want to use the functions for one-way and restricted interchangeability.
1.2.3 Settings for Material Exchange and Restricted

Interchangeability
Purpose
The Customizing table ADPIC_SETTING, which you can find in Customizing under Logistics - General → Interchangeability of Parts → Define Settings for
Material Exchange and Restricted Interchangeability , controls the following:
Whether restricted interchangeability is supported by the process
The settings for material exchange
Whether material exchange should be triggered automatically
Whether interchangeable materials should be selected automatically
By default, the indicator for activating restricted interchangeability is not flagged.

Customizing Settings Considered for the Different Pseudo Process Codes
Pseudo Process Code Process Code Description Automatic Material Exchange Restricted Interchangeability
ADSUB_UME Unplanned Material Exchange in Subcontr n/a yes
CO09RIC Restricted Interchange in CO09 n/a yes
ME Purchasing Documents yes yes
MIGO Material exchange in MIGOI n/a yes
MIGO_GI Material exchange in MIGO - Goods Issue n/a yes
MMBE Stock Overview n/a yes
PMRIC Restricted Interchange in PM Order n/a yes
STOBAPI Stock Transport Order via BAPI forPO yes yes
STOME Stock Transport Order via ME21N/ME22N yes yes
VA01RIC Support Restrict. IC n/a yes
VL10STO Replenishment Delivery for STO yes yes
Use
This function enables you to perform a check on data consistency. To guarantee data consistency in case of full or restricted interchangeability, certain master
data fields must contain the same values for all interchangeable parts.
Prerequisites
In tables MARA or MARC in the material master, you have defined the fields that have to contain identical data in the List of Common Fields that can be foundin
Customizing under Logistics General Interchangeability of Parts Determine Common Fields for Interchangeable Parts . You can define whether
each field is included in the check.
Features
Automatic Consistency Check

When you create interchangeability relationships (fully or restricted interchangeable), change the material master, or perform material exchange, the system
checks the list of common fields and writes inconsistencies to an error log.
In Customizing, you can set the message category ( Error or Warning ) for the inconsistency in the error log. If the error log contains only warnings, you can
continue processing, otherwise you must correct the inconsistent data.
You set the message category in Customizing by choosing Logistics – General Interchangeability of Parts Change Characteristics of System Messages
.
Caution
The check for the common base unit of measure is always carried out (the check behavior cannot be changed in Customizing). If the check ascertains that the
units of measure for the materials are not all the same, an error message is raised.
Note
To resolve inconsistencies in the material master you can save your changes despite error messages from the data consistency check if the authorization
object ADPIC_CFC is assigned to your user profile. For example, an FFF class contains four parts, two with unit ‘liter’ and two with unit ‘cm’. If you try to
change one part with unit ‘liter’ to ‘cm’, the system does not allow you to save because the fourth part still has a different unit of measure (liter).
Field Synchronization
The system can copy the common data from a reference part to another part belonging to the same FFF class.
Note
If you carry out the field synchronization in test mode without changes to the database, the log displays the possible inconsistencies between interchangeable
parts in an FFF class.
The system copies the content of plant-specific fields in the reference part to the same plant, providing you also create the target part in this plant.
Note
The system does not create new material master views for the target part. It copies the field content only if the corresponding view to which this field belongs
has already been created in the master data of the target part.
Activities
1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Logistics Central Functions Engineering Interchangeability of Parts Synchronization of
2. Enter a reference material.
3. Choose Program Execute .
Use
This function enables you to use a graphical overview to display the interchangeability relationships (fully and restricted) of a part. One part can have full
interchangeability with some parts, but only restricted interchangeability with others.
Features
On the left of the screen, the graphical overview displays all parts that are:
Fully interchangeable with the originally entered part
Restricted or one-way interchangeable with the originally entered part. The parts are grouped by their interchangeability relationships (the long text of their
interchangeability codes ).
On the right of the screen, the graphical overview displays a selected part from the tree structure with the manufacturer part number, external manufacturer, and
FFF class. For each selected part, you can:
Branch to the material master ( ( ) Material Master )

Display the product structure ( ( ) Product Structure )
Display the assigned documents from the Document Management System (DMS) ( ( ) Documents )
Display the long text describing the interchangeability relationships in more detail ( ( ) Long Text )
Membership of Fully Interchangeable Parts in MPN-MRP Sets

An icon in front of each entry shows whether the part belongs to the same MPN-MRP set as the original part:
( ) (green traffic light): The part belongs to the same MPN-MRP set as the original part.
This icon only appears if the system can clearly determine an MPN-MRP set for the original part (on calling the graphic, the Plant and perhaps the
Storage Location or MRP Area were also specified).
( ) (yellow traffic light): The part does not belong to an MPN-MRP set.
( ) (red traffic light): The part does not belong to the same MPN-MRP set as the original part, or the system cannot clearly determine the MPN-MRP
set because it does not have sufficient details about the part, the storage location, and the MRP area.
Activities
1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Logistics Central Functions Engineering Interchangeability of Parts Display .
2. On the selection screen, enter a part in the Material field and choose Goto Full Interchangeability .
If conversion exit is activated, you can enter the SAP material number or the MPN. The system converts your entry into the MPN and adds the external
manufacturer to it.
If the part is assigned to a FFF class, the part and all other parts that are interchangeable with it are displayed in the lower group box.
3. Choose ( ) Graphic .
4. If you also want to display information about the MPN-MRP Sets , enter a Plant , a Storage Location , and an MRP Area .
The graphical overview appears.
5. To display a part on the right of the screen, choose ( ) Display next to the required part in the tree structure on the left of the screen.
1.3 Material Exchange Using SAP SCM
Use
You can branch to the SAP SCM system from the ERP system to use the r ules-based availability check functions (also known as rules-based ATP check) with
material exchange in the following areas:
Plant maintenance orders (including upgrade orders and refurbishment order consumption components)
You can:
Perform the r ules-based availability check on individual components
Use structure nodes to check the permissibility of a material component in a PM order against a technical object list, for example, a master parts list
(MPL). Depending on your Customizing settings, the structure node can be manually entered or/and the structure node can be checked or determined
by the MPL.
For more information, see Parts Interchangeability in Plant Maintenance Orders .
Goods movement transaction MIGO
When posting goods receipts and goods issues in transaction MIGO , interchangeable materials can be determined in SAP SCM using the rules-based
ATP logic. For more information, see Parts Interchangeability in Goods Movement Transaction MIGO .
Configuration Control
You can determine interchangeable parts using SAP SCM within configuration control functions. For more information, see Parts Interchangeability with
Configuration Control .
Subcontracting
For rework materials of subcontracting orders. For more information, see Parts Interchangeability in Subcontracting .
Integration
We have integrated the SAP SCM repair or buy function in spare parts planning (SPP) with SAP ERP so that planning results from SPP can be further
processed with all associated information in SAP ERP to execute repairs internally or externally. This integration provides material exchange functions in the
upgrade order (for internal repairs) and subcontracting order (for external repairs).
SAP SCM 5.1 or higher must be connected to the ECC-DIMP system.
The following business functions must be activated:
DIMP_SDUD
AD_MPN_SCM
AD_MPN_SCM_2
Prerequisites
You must make the following settings for all the SAP SCM interchangeability functions listed above:
The materials must be APO-relevant and you must use the APO-ATP check (one active integration model with ATP check).
If you want to work with structure nodes in rules-based ATP, you must create additional fields in the field catalog in SAP SCM. You must create the following
data elements to receive unique text information for the customer-specific field in the field catalog:
STRUC_CODE
STRUC_CLASS
STRUC_CLASSTYP
If you want to add additional fields to the field catalog in SAP SCM containing information from the SAP ERP system, you use method
ENRICH_FIELDCAT in BAdI AD_MPN_RBA_IC.
You maintain the fields in Customizing for SAP SCM under Advanced Planning and Optimization Global Available-to-Promise (Global ATP)
Product Allocation Maintain Field Catalog.
For more information, see SAP Library under SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM) SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization
(SAPAPO) Global Available-to-Promise (Global ATP) Settings for Global ATP Product Allocations Settings Maintaining Field Catalogs.
In the ERP system, you must maintain the Customizing settings for Interchangeability with SAP SCM under Logistics - General Interchangeability of
Parts Parts Interchangeability with SCM Define Checking Groups for Parts Interchangeability with SAP SCM and Define Requirement Profile.
Note, that the requirement profile must have the same name in SAP ERP and SAP SCM.
In SAP SCM, you must maintain the Customizing settings for global ATP. For more information, see SAP Library under SAP Supply Chain Management
(SAP SCM) SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAPAPO) Global Available-to-Promise (Global ATP).
1.3.1 Parts Interchangeability in Goods Movement Transaction

MIGO
Use
The Aerospace and Defense (A&D) solution provides a material exchange function during goods movements in transactionMIGO. You can now also determine
interchangeable materials according to the rules-based availability check in SAP SCM.
When you trigger a material exchange in the ERP system using the rules-based availability check in SAP SCM, the system behaves in the same way.
This function is available for material exchange during:
Goods issue of a manually created reservation
Goods issue for a plant maintenance order
Goods issue for a PP order
Goods issue for a stock transfer order
Goods receipt for purchase order
Prerequisites
A checking group is assigned to your materials in material master MRP view
Your materials are active in a CIF integration model
You have set the indicator IC Relevant under Logistics - General → Interchangeability of Parts → Material Exchange Using SAP SCM → Define
Checking Groups for Parts Interchangeability with SAP SCM for:
MIGO Goods Issue for:
Goods issue of a manually created reservation
Goods issue for a plant maintenance order
Goods issue for a PP order
Goods issue for a stock transfer order
MIGO Goods Receipt for goods receipt for purchase order.
The system uses either the SAP SCM or ERP interchangeability. If no parts are found using the interchangeability functions in SAP SCM, the ERP system does
not serve as a fallback system, even if the IC Relevant interchangeability indicator is set in the ERP system.
1.3.2 Parts Interchangeability in Plant Maintenance Orders
Use
The rules-based availability check with material exchange in SAP SCM can be performed on the consumption components for:
Standard plant maintenance orders
Refurbishment orders
Upgrade orders
Rules-based availability check with material exchange in SAP SCM is also possible for the main component for upgrade orders.
The results of the rules-based availability check are displayed in the SAP SCM system. Here, you can accept or modify the proposals which are then adopted in
the component list of the respective order, which is updated, for example, with the new results of a material exchange or location substitution.
Features
You can separately control the behavior of the rules-based availability check in SCM for the different types of plant maintenance orders listed above.
There is an enhanced advice code function for the components of a PM order. The advice code is entered in the material reservations during the submission
of the results of the rules-based availability chec k if a material exchange for the components was executed. With the advice code you can prevent a further
material exchange of the components.
Determination of installation locations (iPPE structure nodes)
You can use structure nodes to check the permissibility of a material component in a PM order or refurbishment order against a technical object list, for
example, a master parts list (MPL).
The structure node is displayed on the Component tab page of the plant maintenance order. It is composed of three columns; s tructure code, class
number and class type.
Depending on your interchangeability-specific Customizing settings, the structure node can be manually entered and/or the structure node can be checked
or determined by the MPL. This is controlled by the following Customizing flags:
Configuration Control relevant
Controls if the structure node is checked or determined. This is only possible if it is a valid installation location for the material in the component record.
Manual Structure Node.
Controls if the structure node is editable.
For this check, interchangeability information maintained in SAP SCM can also be used for all materials active in APO .
The structure node can be set or replaced using BAdIAD_MPN_RBA_IC. You find this BAdI in Customizing under Logistics - General
Interchangeability of Parts Parts Interchangeability with SCM Business Add-Ins (Add-Ins) BAdI:Customer Adjustment for Configuration Control
and ATP.
The Customizing settings can be changed using BAdIAD_MPN_RBA_2_IC. You find this BAdI in Customizing under Logistics - General
Interchangeability of Parts Parts Interchangeability with SCM Business Add-Ins (Add-Ins) BAdI: Enhancements for Maintenance Orders.
Prerequisites
To use therules-based availability check in SAP SCM for the consumption/main components of the different PM orders, you mustset the IC Relevant
indicator and enter an ATP requirement profile in Customizing under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Parts Interchangeability with
SCM Define Checking Groups for Parts Interchangeability with SAP SCM Plant Maintenance Order or Refurbishment Order Consumption
Components or Upgrade Orders .
You must makeCustomizing settings for maintaining master parts lists for technical structures using iPPE and define checking groups under Sales and
Distribution Basic Functions Availability Check and Transfer of Requirements Availability Check Availability Check with ATP Logic or Against
Planning Define Checking Group. For more information see Determination of Installation Locations (iPPE Structure Nodes) .
Make Customizing settings to control which advice code is entered in the reservation for a PM order type, priority and availability check group of the material
use advice code in Customizing under Defense Forces & Public Security Materials Management Advice and Status Code Define Advice Code
for Maintenance Order. To use this function you must have activatedthe business function DefenseForces&PublicSecurity (EA-DFP).
You must make settings for the rules-based availability check. For more information, seeSAP Library for SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM)
under SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAPAPO) Global Available-to-Promise (Global ATP) Rules-Based Availability Check.
Constraints
Only the manual availability check can be used. The overall material availability check and the automatic check are not supported.
Rules-based availability check with material exchange in SCM is not possible for the main component of refurbishment orders.
When you convert planned orders into refurbishment orders ( MD04 ), consumption components are not adopted in the refurbishment/upgrade order. The
main component is adopted.
There are special rules for MRP relevancy of the refurbishment order (controlled by the flag AUDISP). These rules are not be supported by the upgrade
order (upgrade component). In the upgrade order, RBA with material exchange using SCM is only possible for components that are MRP-relevant. The
component of the upgrade order that should be upgraded (main component) is always MRP-relevant. The MRP relevancy of the consumption components is
controlled by order type specific customizing (transaction OIOE ).
1.3.2.1 Parts Interchangeability in Upgrade Orders
Use
An upgrade order is a type of refurbishment order that allows a material number change for a serviceable or unserviceable part which is to be upgraded or
modified during repair and returned as a serviceable part. For example, y ou require a part (material B). Rather than procure a new part, you want to check the
stock using the rules-based availability check to see if there is an available part (material A) that can be repaired or upgraded to fulfill your requirement. Rules-
based availability check with material exchange in SCM can be performed on the main component or consumption components of upgrade orders. For more
information, see Upgrade Order Creation .
Prerequisites
Define the upgrade order by setting the Upgrade Order and Refurbishment Order indicators in Customizing under Plant Maintenance and Customer
Service Maintenance and Service Processing Maintenance and Service Orders Functions and Settings for Order Types Indicate Order Types
for Refurbishment Processing.
You must define requirement profiles for an upgrade order in Customizing under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Parts
Interchangeability with SCM Define Checking Groups for Parts Interchangeability with SAP SCM Upgrade Order . You must also activate
preselection in the requirement profile in SAP SCM so that the complete requirement quantities are checked for all alternative materials during the rules-
based availability check.
For main components, you must define the business event in the requirement profile in Customizing for SAP SCM under Advanced Planning and
Optimization Global Available-to-Promise (Global ATP) General Settings Requirements Profile Maintain Requirements Profile because the
checking rule (as it is known in ERP) or business event (as it is known in SCM) is taken from the requirement profile in SAP SCM and not from the check
control of the order type in SAP ERP).
You must activate preselection in the requirement profile in SAP SCM so that the complete requirement quantities are checked for all alternative materials
during the rules-based availability check.
You must enhance the field catalog with the field RSCOMP (Spare Part Indicator) so that you can process the main component using both own business
events and conditions.You maintain the field in Customizing for SAP SCM under Advanced Planning and Optimization Global Available-to-Promise
(Global ATP) Product Allocation Maintain Field Catalog.
You must define in rule control in SAP SCM (transaction /SAPAPO/RBA04 ) that only one substitution is possible.
Features
The main component of the upgrade order is the part that is to be upgraded or repaired. The main component is the first item in the component overview of
the upgrade order.
Consumption components are also displayed under the main component and the rules-based availability check in SCM with material exchange can also
be carried out for these.
The main component can only be changed using the rules-based availability check in SCM. The material number of the main component, the storage
location, and the plant can be changed, and the quantity can be reduced.
You create upgrade orders in transaction IW81 or MD04 (conversion of planned order).
Batches and split valuation can be maintained for the upgrade order AFTER material exchange has taken place.
Serial numbers can only be entered during goods movement, not in the upgrade order.
Constraints
You cannot create an upgrade order from a malfunction report.
The rules-based availability check in SCM with material exchange can only be performed on the main component for upgrade orders, not for standard
refurbishment orders. However, the rules-based availability check in SCM with material exchange is possible for consumption components for all three
order types.
Only the manual availability check can be used. The overall material availability check and the automatic check are not supported.
In IW8W (goods receipt for refurbishment orders), the material exchange function does not work for upgrade orders if the upgrade order indicator is set in
Customizing for the order.
In planned orders, consumption components are not adopted in the refurbishment/upgrade order. The main component is adopted.
ERP ATP for main components is allowed in upgrade orders but material exchange cannot be used. Results from an ERP ATP check can be used for
information purposes, for example, for accounting/inventory purposes.
Unlike refurbishment orders, an upgrade order cannot be created from a notification in transaction IW21 .
1.3.2.1.1 Upgrade Order Creation
Purpose
When you create or change an upgrade order, you can use the gATP check in SCM to search for all availability materials, and additionally use material exchange
and storage location substitution functions.
Prerequisites
The main component and the interchangeable part must have the same base unit and controlling area.
The interchangeable part must not be a configurable material.
No batch is maintained in the component.
No serial numbers or equipment is assigned to the upgrade order.
The object list must not contain any serial numbers.
The main component must not be connected to stock determination
Special stock must not be maintained for the main component.
The cross-plant material status of the interchangeable part allows in-house production.
Process Flow
1. You enter the part you ultimately require (material B) in the upgrade order. On the Header Data tab page of the upgrade order, there is a ‘From’ material
field and a ‘To’ material field. At this stage, both fields contain material B.
‘From’ = B
‘To’ = B
2. On the Components tab page of the upgrade order, you trigger a material availability check which uses gATP in SAP SCM to see if any materials
(material A) are available to fulfill your requirement, in other words that you can upgrade or modify. The results are displayed on the APO Availability
Check screen with the material numbers and the location substitutions. When you choose one of these materials, it possible to carry out a material
exchange, a storage location substitution, and/or a change of plant. You can also reduce the quantity required, and the component, header, consumption
components, capacity planning/rescheduling and order status are automatically adjusted.
3. You choose one of the lines to take into the upgrade order. If you choose a different material, material exchange is carried out and material A is exchanged
with the ‘From’ material B. This is reflected o n the Header Data tab page of the upgrade order.
‘From’ = A
‘To’ = B
4. Goods issue of material A takes place (261 or 313 (transfer posting)). If the material is serialized, the serial numbers are maintained in the goods issue (not
in the upgrade order) .
5. Material A is repaired or upgraded
6. Goods receipt is carried out in transaction IW8W. When you post, a two-step posting is carried out automatically
1. Goods receipt of material A with goods movement 101 or 315
2. Material exchange from A to B with goods movement 309.
7. If the material is serialized, serial numbers are proposed in IW8W and the serial numbers are reassigned from A to B. Before the goods receipt, these serial
numbers are not allowed to exist already for B.
Example
You require a motor (material B). You look in stock to see if you can find an available motor (material A) that can be modified or upgraded to fulfill this requirement.
You run an availability check and choose one of the results from the APO Availability Check screen. This is adopted in the upgrade order.
1.3.2.2 Determination of Installation Locations (iPPE Structure

Nodes) for Component Materials in PM Orders
Use
The system uses structure nodes to check the permissibility of a material component in a PM order or refurbishment order consumption components against a
technical object list, for example, a master parts list (MPL).
Thestructure node is displayed on the Component tab page of the plant maintenance order. It is composed of three columns; structure code, class number and
class type.Dependingon your interchangeability-specific Customizing settings, the user can manually enter the structure node here and/or the structure node can
be checked or determined by the MPL. This is controlled by the following Customizing flags, which you find in Customizing under Logistics - General
Interchangeability of Parts Parts Interchangeability with SCM Define Checking Groups for Parts Interchangeability with SAP SCM Plant Maintenance
Order and Refurbishment Order Consumption Components.
Configuration Control relevant
Controls if the structure node is checked or determined. This is only possible if it is a valid installation for the material in the component record. To use this,
the plant maintenance order must refer to a functional location or piece of equipment. This is only possible for the functional location or piece of equipment
entered under Reference Object on the Header Data tab page of the PM order.
Manual Structure Node.
Controls if the structure node is editable.
Setting the indicators in various combinations gives the following results:
CC-Relevant Indicator Manual Structure Code System Behavior
Off On You can manually enter a structure node in the PM order.

If you have implemented customer BAdI
AD_MPN_RBA_IC (method CHECK_STRUC_CODE),
the BAdI checks the permissibility of the structure node
according to the customer’s defined settings. If the system
determines that the structure node is valid, it is copied into
the PM order.
On On You can manually enter a structure and it is checked

against an MPL using configuration control. If you enter
nothing, the system determines the structure node
automatically.
Off Off Only the BAdI can set or check the structure node.
On Off The system automatically determines permissibility of

structure nodes against an MPL. The results, if more than
one, are displayed in a popup.
Prerequisites
You can only manually enter structure nodes in PM orders if the indicators IC relevant and Manual Structure Node are set in the checking groups for the
material.
If you want to check the interchangeable material of a component in a PM order against the MPL of an equipment you must define a requirement profile in
Customizing under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Parts Interchangeability with SCM Define Requirement Profile. For more
information, see the IMG activity documentation.
Features
For this check, interchangeability information maintained in SAP SCM can also be used for all materials active in APO .
You can make customer-specific adjustments to these indicators, or replace this function with customer-specific checks using BAdI AD_MPN_RBA_2_IC. You
find this BAdI in Customizing under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Parts Interchangeability with SCM Business Add-Ins (Add-Ins)
BAdI: Enhancements for Maintenance Orders.
Using BAdI AD_MPN_RBA_IC, you can make customer-specific settings for the determination of installation location information (iPPE structure nodes) instead of
the configuration control (PM-EQM-CC) in the plant maintenance order. If you use the MPL, t he system also checks if the component material is an
interchangeable part which is defined in the FFF class or in rules-based ATP in SAP SCM.
If you are manually entering structure codes, you can also change existing structure nodes.
1.3.3 Parts Interchangeability with Configuration Control
Use
Using the configuration control application, you can evaluate parts interchangeability information from SAP SCM during the configuration check in the Configuration
Control Workbench ( CCM2 ) and during the equipment installation or exchange procedure in transaction Installation and Swap of Components ( IE4N ).
Prerequisites
You must make the following Customizing settings for the check to see if a material is allowed under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts
Parts Interchangeability with SCM Define Checking Groups for Parts Interchangeability with SAP SCM
Configuration Control Default
You must enter a default plant and storage location.
Configuration Control Workbench
You must set the IC Relevant indicator and enter the ATP requirement profile.
You must make general Customizing settings in the ERP system for:
Plant Maintenance and Materials Management
Master Parts Lists for technical structures using iPPE
You must make general Customizing settings in SAP SCM to be able to use interchangeability data.
You must make Customizing settings for global ATP in the ERP system and SAP SCM.
Function
Parts Interchangeability in the Configuration Control Workbench (Transaction CCM2)

You use the Configuration Control Workbench to compare the actual configuration with the allowed configuration of a technical object structure. During the
configuration check, the system takes material exchange information defined in SAP SCM into account.
The actual configuration is defined as an equipment structure and/or functional location structure. The allowed configuration is defined as a master parts list (MPL)
structure.
When you click on the MPL node in the allowed configuration in the Details for Node of Allowed Configuration screen area, the valid interchangeable parts that
were determined during the evaluation of the exchange information in SAP SCM are displayed.
Parts Interchangeability in the Equipment Installation or Exchange (Transaction IE4N)

Using this transaction, parts interchangeability functions are available for:
PMIN – Equipment Installation Without Goods Movement
PMIN – Equipment Installation With Goods Movement
SWAP – Exchange
During equipment installation in a functional location or technical structure, the system checks if the piece of equipment that is to be installed is allowed at this
specific location. During the check of the allowed configuration, the system also takes material exchange information that was determined in SAP SCM into
account.
1.3.4 Parts Interchangeability in Subcontracting
Use
You can use the SCM rules-based availability check (RBA) on rework materials (main components) in subcontracting orders.
The rules-based availability check in SCM for subcontracting focuses on the issuing plant.
Prerequisites
You must define a requirement profile in Customizing under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Parts Interchangeability with SCM
Define Requirement Profile
You must define the checking group for the subcontracting order as follows in Customizing under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts
Parts Interchangeability with SCM Define Checking Groups for Parts Interchangeability with SAP SCM Subcontracting Order:
Set the IC Relevant indicator
Under ATP-ReqPrf enter a requirements profile
If you set the indicator SLoc Required you must enter the storage location at component level. Also the result of rules-based ATP check must be
transferred with a valid storage location.
Optional
The indicator MRP Areas s pecifies that direct reservation in the plant is permitted for the maintenance order.
If the indicator is set, you can transfer the available stock of the MRP area to the maintenance order.
You must assign material provision indicator ‘S’ (rework material) to the material component.
No serial numbers must be assigned to the material component.
You must define the checking group of the availability check in the material master.
Features
You trigger the check by choosing Check availability in the Components area of the Component
Overview screen. The results of the RBA are displayed in the ATP popup, where you can accept or modify the ATP proposals.
If one interchangeable material is detected, the material is automatically adopted from SCM in the Component Overview screen in ERP.
If several interchangeable materials are detected, the user can only select one material.
Once the material is selected, it and its quantity are then used for further processing to update the exchange material, quantity, material, plant, and storage
location at component level and the results are displayed on the Component Overview screen of the subcontracting order.
If the RBA determines that the requirement cannot be covered, the system adopts the quantity available and reduces the requirement quantity automatically in the
subcontracting order on the Component and Header Data tab pages and on the item overview screen. The consumption components required are reduced in
the same relation. For example if the original requirement was 20 pieces of material A with 30 consumption components and only 10 pieces of material A are
available, the requirement for the consumption components is reduced to 15.
If the material number of the rework material is changed on the Component screen , the subcontracting type is updated automatically on the Spec2000/SC
tab page to 2 Refurbishment with Changed Material Number .
Constraints
You cannot use RBA for consumption components.
1.4 Material Exchange
Use
You can use the material exchange function for interchangeable parts in the following areas:
Purchasing
When processing quotations and purchase orders, you may have to exchange the part in the current process with another part, because you have received a
quotation, notification, or delivery for an alternative part. The system supports you in changing and allocating the relevant order items so that the follow-on steps (in
particular, goods receipt and invoice verification) refer to the part that was actually delivered.
Inventory Management
The system holds different manufacturer parts in stock as separate parts. This gives you an overview of the manufacturer parts that are actually available, and
allows the system to manage additional information, such as serial numbers or valuation. You can use transaction MIGO to carry out material exchange for goods
issues and receipts.
Sales Order Product Selection
If a part is not available, you can use the sales order product selection to exchange the interchangeable materials.
PM Orders, PP Orders, and Networks
If a component is not available, the system proposes interchangeable materials.
Replenishment Deliveries
Stock transport orders
You can exchange parts in stock transport orders (STO) manually or automatically.
1.4.1 Material Exchange in Purchasing
Use
This function enables you to exchange one part partially or fully with one or more other parts in the procurement process.
Prerequisites
You have determined the parts that are fully interchangeable with each other. You have also determined the parts that are restricted or one-way interchangeable.
Note
You use membership to a common FFF class to maintain parts that are fully interchangeable with each other. For more information, see Maintaining
Fully Interchangeable Parts .
You use the interchangeability codes to maintain parts that are restricted or one-way interchangeable. For more information, see Maintaining Restricted
Features
The features are described in the following sections:
Material Exchange in the RFQ and Quotation
Material Exchange in the Purchase Order
1.4.1.1 Material Exchange in RFQs and Quotations
Use
This function enables you to exchange a part in the request for quotation (RFQ) or in the quotation, which you might want to do if the supplier cannot deliver the part
that you requested and provides an alternative quotation.
Features
You can replace a part that you have already created in the request for quotation or quotation with another part. In follow-on documents that reference the quotation,
only the material number quoted in the quotation is used, allowing an integrated procurement process. The new part overwrites the original entry. After the parts
have been exchanged, all the purchasing functions (such as supplier determination or price determination) apply to the new part.
You can replace the original part with
A fully interchangeable part
A one-way or restricted interchangeable part
A part that has no relationship with the original part
Note
You can use this last option only if you have selected User-defined Exchange in the Quotation in the manufacturer part profile to which the original part
has been assigned either directly or indirectly by its Form-Fit-Function (FFF) class.
The system displays an overview of all the parts that are fully or restricted interchangeable with the original part.
Activities
1. Select the item and choose Item More Functions Exchange Part .
A selection screen appears, displaying all fully and restricted interchangeable parts.
2. Double-click on one part for the exchange, or enter a part in Part in the Quotation .
1.4.1.2 Material Exchange in Purchase Orders
Use
This function enables you to exchange a part in a purchase order, which you might need to do if:
You create the purchase order with reference to a requisition
The goods receipt is different than the purchase order.
Features
Material Exchange in a Purchase Order with Reference to a Purchase Requisition

You, the buyer, decide to purchase a different part than the one requested in the purchase requisition. Therefore, you copy the requested part into the purchase
order and replace it with
One or more fully interchangeable parts
One or more one-way or restricted interchangeable parts
The system displays a selection of all the parts that are fully interchangeable and one-way or restricted interchangeable with the original part. You select the parts
and adjust the individual order quantities.
When you convert the purchase requisition into a purchasing document (such as, purchase order, contract release, scheduling agreement delivery schedule line,
request for quotation), you can assign the requested source of supply to any requisition item. In the source determination, the system also takes account of the
suppliers of interchangeable parts.
Caution
If the originally requested part belongs to a MPN-MRP set , the source determination is restricted to the parts in the MPN-MRP set.
Material Exchange/Distribution After Issuing the Purchase Order

During the ordering process, the supplier might partially or fully exchange the ordered part with another similar part. Partial deliveries of different parts may also
take place. It is possible that you learn of this only on delivery.
You have to amend the purchase order item, so that the subsequent processes, such as shipping notification, goods receipt, and invoice verification, actually
apply to the parts that were delivered. Subject to the information that you receive from your supplier, you replace the originally ordered part in the purchase order
with
One or more fully interchangeable parts
One or more one-way or restricted interchangeable parts
The system displays a selection of all the parts that are fully interchangeable and one-way or restricted interchangeable with the original part. You select the parts
and adjust the order quantities.
Material Exchange in Documents Created with Reference to Contract

If a purchase order item is created with reference to a contract and a material exchange is carried out, the subitems no longer refer to the original contract. As a
result of the material exchange, the purchase order item may contain materials that are different to those in the contract. The system displays a message so the
user knows that there is no reference to the original contract and the contract is not updated. You can make a Customizing setting to change the message type
(error, warning, information).
If a purchase order item referring to a contract was already saved, material exchange is no longer possible for this item. The reference to the contract must be
deleted manually and the document saved. If you delete the reference from the item, material exchange is possible again.
Changing a Purchase Order - Creating Subitems

The system generates subitems for the material exchange. The header item is only a "noted item" that contains the original MPN and quantity. The generated
subitems are required in the posting of the goods receipt and the invoice.
Activities
Create the purchase order as usual. For more information, see Creating a Purchase Order .
To exchange a part in the purchase order :
1. In the item overview, select the item with the part to be exchanged and choose Material Exchange .
The system creates a subitem, which is a copy of the main order item.
2. In the lower Item group box, select the item details for the main item.
3. Go to the Material Exchange tab.
4. Choose ( ) Other Material Numbers .
The Display Interchangeable Parts screen appears; it contains all fully and restricted interchangeable parts, from which you can select.
5. Select the parts for the exchange.
6. Enter the Order Quantity .
7. Save the purchase order.
Note
If you are not authorized to change a purchase order, you can only exchange parts under Logistics Materials Management Inventory
Management Environment Part Interchange Item in Purchase Order (transaction MEM1).
1.4.1.2.1 Subitem Logic
Use
The part exchange in order processing is based on a subitem concept.
Features
You create a purchase order with reference if required. Subitems are only required if an exchange has taken place, or if a partial delivery has been posted and
further partial deliveries with interchangeable parts are possible. The system converts the original purchase order item into a statistical main item that can no
longer be directly posted . This item is a noted item and is linked with one or more subitems.
The subitems contain the parts that were actually delivered and billed. Goods receipt always takes place on subitem level; the sub-item contains the inventory-
managed manufacturer parts.
External communication takes place on the original item level by order printout, EDI, or other media. This applies to, for example, subsequent purchase order
changes by purchasing and dunning.
Purchase Order History
To look at a purchase order history on the item level, choose Item Statistics Purchase Order History .
Note
If you call this function for the main item, the system displays the purchase order history for all subitems. The main item contains cumulative information
about the purchase order history of the subitems.
If you call up this function for one subitem, the system displays only the purchase order history for that subitem.
1.4.1.2.2 Subitem Pricing
Use
This function enables you to recalculate the prices in the purchasing document, which you have to do if a part exchange has caused a statistical main item to be
replaced by one or more subitems.
Prerequisites
In the Purchasing Data view of the vendor master record, you have entered 09 as the Schema group, vendor (the group for calculation schema).
Features
Different net pricesfor each price unit can exist for the original part in the main item and the parts in the subitems, because of the different gross prices and
conditions that are stored in the purchasing info records. In the case of a partial exchange of parts, different net prices can also exist for the same part because of
different scales.
The system has the following pricing methods for subitems:
Individual pricing
Pricing by copying from the main item
Price comparison between main item and subitem
You set the Subitem Pricing indicator in the Purchasing Data view of the vendor master record to define the methods that the system should use in pricing.
Example
The example is based on the following pricing conditions:
Part Hella : $101.43, from 10 items: $90.67
Part Osram : $112.50
Part Eurolux : $81.54
Individual Pricing
The system calculates a separate price for every subitem in individual pricing. The price is not subject to the price of the original part; it can be higher or lower.
The conditions that you have to enter for the main item are an exception. The system copies these conditions from the main item to the subitem, and takes them
into account during pricing.
The system calculates scale prices subject to the purchase order quantity of the subitems.
Pricing by Copying from the Main Item

The system retains the net price of the original part for the exchanged part.
The system copies all the conditions from the main item to all the subitems; the system takes the purchase order quantity of the main item into account when
calculating scale prices. The system does not take account of the conditions and scale prices that exist for the interchangeable parts.
You cannot change the conditions that you copied from the main item on the subitem level. However, you can define additional conditions for each subitem.
Price Comparison Using Best Price

The system compares the net price of the original part with the individual net prices of the parts in the subitems. The system selects the lowest price.
1.4.1.2.3 Material Exchange in Schedule Lines
Use
This function enables you to exchange parts in schedule lines. You use the schedule lines for a purchase order item to specify that the delivery of the ordered
quantity is to be scaled according to a defined schedule. For a part exchange in a purchase order item with schedule lines, the system also uses the schedule
lines for the subitems.
Features
The system copies the main item schedule lines successively to the subitems, which were created for the part exchange.
You can change the subitem schedule lines after a part exchange. The system changes the main item schedule lines, which you can no longer change,
accordingly.
1.4.2 Material Exchange in Inventory Management
Use
This function enables you to perform various activities (see below) in inventory management. Because goods receipt always takes place on a manufacturer part
number level, the system also holds manufacturer parts in stock as individual parts. This gives you an overview of the manufacturer parts that are actually
available, and allows the system to manage additional information, such as serial numbers or valuation.
A cumulative stock analysis also exists for all interchangeable parts.
Features
Stock Overview
The stock overview provides you with an overview across all organizational levels of the stock for a part. Functions for inventory-managed manufacturer parts have
been added to the stock overview to allow you to display the following from one part:
The total stock of all other parts that are interchangeable with it
The total stock of all other parts that belong to the same MPN-MRP set as it
Goods Issue
For more information, see Material Exchange in MIGO During Goods Issue Process .
Goods Receipt
For more information, see Material Exchange in MIGO During Goods Receipt Process .
Activities
Stock Overview
From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management Environment Stock Stock Overview or
choose transaction code MMBE. Enter the part. You can also enter selection criteria to restrict the stock overview.
Stock Overview for all Interchangeable Parts

You are in the stock overview for an FFF class part.
To display the total stock of all parts that are interchangeable with this part (that is, the parts that belong to the same FFF class), select a stock line and choose
FFF Class . The system displays the total stock of all the parts in the FFF class.
From the total stock for all the parts belonging to an FFF class, you can go to the individual stock for these manufacturer parts. To do this, select a line and choose
Members/Display FFF Class Members in the stock overview to split the cumulative stock into its individual parts.
Note
In the stock overview, you can switch between the single material view and the aggregated view for FFF classes as required. This also applies to the
stock/requirements list (transaction code MD04) .
Stock Overview for all Parts in the Same MPN-MRP Set
You are in the stock overview for a part in an MPN-MRP set.
To display the total stock of all parts that are interchangeable with this one (that is, the parts that belong to the same MPN-MRP set), choose MPN-MRP Set .
The system displays the total stock for all the parts in the MPN-MRP set.
From the total stock for all the parts belonging to an MPN-MRP set, you can go to the individual stock for these manufacturer parts. To do this, select a line and
choose Members/Display MPN-MRP Set Members in the stock overview to split the cumulative stock into its individual parts.
1.4.2.1 Material Exchange in MIGO During Goods Issue Process
Use
During goods issue you may find that the material you require is unavailable. You can issue another interchangeable material instead of the original material.
The following functions are available:
The interchangeable materials can be either fully interchangeable or restricted interchangeable.
You can work with batch-managed materials and/or serialized materials and you can see the stock available in different storage locations
Materials/batches found during material exchange in MIGO during goods issue are sorted automatically. The automatic quantity distribution and display of
the materials on the material exchange screen is carried out based on this sorting sequence:
First the original material/batch.
Next all other materials/batches sorted by their available quantity in descending order.
To influence this behavior, you can use BAdI BADI_ADPIC_MIGO_GI_SORT.
You can assign serial numbers. You can define if these serial numbers should be maintained manually or automatically in Customizing forLogistics –
GeneralunderInterchangeability of Parts Set Up Screen for Material Exchange in Goods Movement Transaction (MIGO) Screen Settings Serial
Number Determination .You can use BAdI BADI_ADPIC_MIGO_GI_SER to filter the serial numbers found during material exchange in MIGO during
goods issue. Only those serial numbers which pass the checks implemented by this BAdI are considered for further processing.
In Customizing under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Set Up Screen for Material Exchange in Goods Movement Transaction (MIGO)
Screen Settings , you can additionally change the initial table display in the following ways:
You can define if materials or storage locations are displayed at the higher level in the tree.
You can define if you display selected items or all
Prerequisites
If you want to exchange materials for PM, PP and network orders during the goods issue process, authorization object M_PIC_EXCH must be included in
the user profile.
Procedure
To exchange parts in the goods issue process, proceed as follows:
1. Enter transaction code MIGO to create the goods issue document.
2. In the item overview, choose ( ) with the quick info text Trigger Material Exchange . This icon only appears if the material is interchangeable.
The interchangeability information appears. On the left you see the different interchangeable materials that you can choose from with their available
quantities. On the right hand side in the Selected Quantity column, the quantity to be issued is distributed automatically across the interchangeable
materials. You can make manual changes to this distribution. You can hide the materials with no quantity selection by setting the Display Selected Entries
Only indicator. If you want to assign serial numbers, choose ( ) with the quick info text Serial Numbers.A popup appears. You can define if these
serial numbers should be maintained manually or automatically in Customizing forLogistics – GeneralunderInterchangeability of Parts Set Up Screen for
Material Exchange in Goods Movement Transaction (MIGO) Screen Settings Serial Number Determination.
3. Choose Confirm Selection.
4. When you choose Check or Post , the system carries out a check.
5. Choose Post to update the material document and post the material document for the items.
Constraint
Goods issue in transaction MIGO does not support material exchange of materials in special stocks.
Material exchange can be only be done if the ATP check does not take the replenishment lead time into account. Ensure the Check without RLT indicator
is set in Customizing under Materials Management Inventory Management and Physical Inventory Goods Issue / Transfer Postings Set Up
Dynamic AvailabilityCheck under Define Checking Rules.
1.4.2.2 Material Exchange in MIGO During Goods Receipt

Process
Use
You may need to exchange parts in the goods receipt process when the parts that have been received are different from the parts in the purchase order.
Prerequisites
If you want to be able to update the purchase order and exchange materials during the goods receipt process, authorization object M_PIC_EXCH has to be
included in the user profile.
Procedure
To exchange parts in the goods receipt process, proceed as follows:
1. Enter transaction code MIGO to create the goods receipt document for the purchase order.
2. In the item overview, choose ( ) Material Exchange (Mat Exchg) next to the material in the item overview.
The Material Exchange tab page appears in the foreground.
Note
You can also navigate to the tab page for the items that have this material exchange icon next to the material description. For non-interchangeable
materials, this icon does not appear.
3. 3. In the column Quantity , enter the quantity you want to be posted in the goods receipt document .
4. 4. Press Enter to create a subitem for which you want the material document to be created.
The data is inherited from the main item when the subitem is created. However, if any changes occur to the main item once the subitems have been
created, these are not taken over to the existing subitems.
5. When you choose Check to check the item, the checks are performed on the main item, whichcontains the obsolete material. No checks are performed for
the subitem. A warning message: Check of the interchangeable item will be performed during posting (message number ADPIC001) is displayed in the
application log.
6. 6. Choose Post to update the purchase order with the new subitems and post the material document for the subitems.
Note
If there are any errors during subitem creation in the purchase order, an interchangeability error log is created. You can access this log by choosing (
) on the screen between the item overview and the item details.
1.4.3 Material Exchange in the Sales Order Product Selection
Use
This function enables you to make use of an availability check. Because fully interchangeable parts have the same technically properties, you can use the
interchangeable materials for cases in which there is no availability, even if another part has been reserved.
You can configure product selection so that the system performs the availability check for the inventory-managed manufacturer part that you enter in the sales
order item and for all other interchangeable parts. If the entered part belongs to an MPN-MRP set , the system takes account of all the parts in the set during the
availability check. If the entered part does not belong to a set, the system takes account of all the interchangeable materials.
Prerequisites
You have maintained MPN-MRP sets. For more information, see Creating and Editing MPN-MRP Sets .
In Customizing for Sales and Distribution, Result B is assigned to Substitution Reason 0009 . For more information, see Creating Substitution Reasons .
The document type of the sales document that you are using is assigned to a material determination procedure. For more information, see Assigning Procedures to
Sales Document Types .
To avoid conflicts in the requirements transfer, the product selection is only allowed to take place if the availability is checked against the ATP quantityand not
against the forecast. Therefore, in the master data of the parts in an FFF class, a strategy group is used to refer to a requirements class that is flagged for an
availability check using ATP logic.As a rule, you can use Strategy Group 10 .
In Customizing for Sales and Distribution, the schedule line categories have been set up so that for sales document items the main item has schedule lines of
type CD and the subitems have schedule lines of type CP . The Availability indicator has been set for schedule line type CP .
Features
The product selection of inventory-managed manufacturer part numbers is an enhancement to the standard product selection . The system assigns Category
Type TAPA to the original item, which is a statistical item. The system looks at the quantity of interchangeable parts and determines the available ATP quantity for
each part. The system adds a new subitem with Category Type TAN to each part that it determines. This item refers to the original item. The system repeats this
process until it reaches the original order quantity or the quantity of interchangeable parts is exhausted.
The system looks at the originally entered part; the sequence in which it processes the parts is not fixed.
If an unconfirmed quantity remains at the end, the system annotates the original part.
Note
The system also adds a new subitem, if the original part is fully available. The original item and the subitem contain the same part.
The reservations generated by the system refer to the new items and are MRP-relevant for the selected interchangeable parts.
Note
If MRP is active on the level of the MRP area, a part in one plant can belong to different MPN-MRP sets. In such a case, the storage location in the sales
document determines the MPN-MRP set that is used in the product selection.
If the system is unable to clearly determine an MPN-MRP set, the system does not carry out the product selection.
Rescheduling of Sales Documents for Inventory-Managed MPN

The selected material interval used in rescheduling of sales documents includes all the parts in the relevant FFF classes.
To reschedule sales documents, from the SAP Easy Access Menu, choose Logistics Sales and Distribution Sales Backorders Rescheduling
Execute with Restriction of MPN or Supersession Part .
1.4.4 Material Exchange in Stock Transport Orders
Use
You may want to change parts in the stock transport order because the availability check fails for the material that you originally requested. Hence, an
interchangeable part that is available can be used instead of the original material.
You can exchange parts in stock transport orders (STO) manually or automatically. You can define the unit of measure in the material master. If the issuing unit of
measure is defined in the material master, the subitems are always created in the issuing unit of measure. Otherwise, subitems are created in the base unit of
measure.
Features
Manual interchangeability in creation of stock transport orders
Subitems are created with subitem category P. This means that you can only change the quantity or delivery date of the main item.
When you make such a change, this automatically triggers a new ATP check, which creates new subitems. The ATP popup appears displaying the
available exchangeable materials, their available quantities, and you can manually choose the quantity you require.
Note, that you can also work with existing STOs with subitems with subitem category 8.
Automatic interchangeability in stock transport order s
If the ATP check fails during creation of the STO, the system carries out an automatic material exchange. Automatic material exchange is only possible if
you set the reaction of message number 450 (application area 06) to E (error message) or W (warning message). You do this in Customizing for
Materials Management under Purchasing Environment Data Define Attributes of System Messages System Messages.
Consumption sequence control
You can now manually adjust the consumption sequence that was defined for automatic material exchange on the ATP popup for STOs. To do this you use
the new BAdI BADI_ADPIC_STO_CONSLOG. You can access this BAdI in Customizing under Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts
Business Add-Ins (Add-Ins) BAdI: Manual Adjustment of Consumption Logic.
Prerequisites
In Customizing for Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Define Settings for Material Exchange and Restricted Interchangeability , you must set
the material exchange to Automatic or Manual for pseudo process code STOME.
Constraints
Material exchange with issuing unit of measure is only supported in transaction codes ME21N and ME22N .
Material exchange in goods movement transaction MIGO (goods issue and goods receipt) is always done in the base unit of measure.
Material exchange in VL10B is only possible if the STO items are created in base unit of measure.
Stock transport requisitions do not support interchangeability.
1.4.5 Material Exchange in Replenishment Deliveries
Use
This function is based on the core transaction codeVL10B.For more information on this, see the online help documentation in the SAP Library under my SAP
ERP → SAP Central Component → Logistics → Logistics Execution → Shipping → Delivery Processing → Collective Processing of Documents
due for Delivery.
If the availability check fails and a delivery is not created, the system tries to create a subitem in the stock transport order with the material that is available. If the
availability check fails and the delivery is created with a partial quantity or with a zero quantity, the system creates an error report and the incorrect delivery is
displayed on the corresponding tab page.
If the creation of subitems caused errors, the system creates an error report and the stock transport order displayed on the appropriate tab page.
Prerequisites
If you want to activate the functionforcreating subitems in stock transport orders when availability fails during the creation of the replenishment delivery,you must
have made settings for the automatic creation of subitems and the automatic selection of material for process code VL10STO in Customizing under Logistics
General → Interchangeability of Parts → Define Settings for Material Exchange and Restricted Interchangeability
For delivery creation, you must ensure that the item category used for replenishment delivery has the following settings:
The Check Quantity 0 should be set to error
AvailCkoff should be blank
You can make these settings in Customizing under Logistics Execution → Shipping → Deliveries → Define Item Categories for Deliveries.
For the error log, you must ensure that for the profile used for roles inVL10Bto create replenishment deliveries, Log F Code is set to ‘Y’ = Display Log in the
same window .
You can make this setting in Customizing under Logistics Execution → Shipping → Worklists → Configure List Profile
Activities
You call transaction codeVL10Bto select all the open stock transport orders.
All the data for the open orders is collected and prepared
The function Interchangeability Errors may be visible in the application toolbar of the error log forVL10B. This function enables you to view the documents for
which errors occurred when subitems were created or during delivery creation.
Features
Error Report for Transaction Code VL10

The system displays the message Errors for interchangeability during delivery creation . The long text of this message requests you to choose the Errors for
interchangeability function in order to check these errors.
If there are no errors, the system displays a message informing you that subitems have been created.
There are 2 tab pages:
A tab page that contains the stock transport orders for which subitems could not be created and for which no deliveries exist.
You can access the change mode for the stock transport order by double- clicking the corresponding stock transport order or by choosing Change Ref. Doc.
A tab page that contains deliveries that were created with partial quantity or zero quantity.
You can access the delivery by double-clicking on the row for each delivery.
You can delete the delivery without changing the reference stock transport order by choosing Delete Delivery
You can delete the delivery and change the reference stock transport order by choosing Del. Delvry->Change Ref. Doc
1.4.6 Material Exchange in PM Orders, PP Orders, and Networks
Use
If you want to check the availability of a specific interchangeable material (component) for a maintenance order, production order or PS network order, and the
material is not available, the system suggests alternative interchangeable materials (full and restricted interchangeable) and displays them in the ATP popup
screen. You can then simply select interchangeable materials directly on the popup screen and transfer them back to the maintenance order, production order or
PS network components.
You can also use the rules-based global ATP check within PM orders if the material is APO-relevant.
Features
You can trigger material exchange using ( ) with the quick info text Trigger Material Exchange in the following ways:
In PM/CS order on the Components tab page
In the PP order and PS network order, on the Component Overview screen
The ATP popup with interchangeable materials has a Selected Quantity column. Here you enter the quantity of each interchangeable material you require.
You can distribute the quantity you require across several interchangeable materials. If you are working in display mode in a production order, this column is
not displayed in the ATP popup. If you are working in display mode in PP orders and network orders, the popup is not displayed at all.
If the system creates an item for an exchanged material, the item number of the original item is stored in the Reference Item column in the Component
Overview table. Depending on the order type, this column can be found as follows:
Within the maintenance order, on the Component s tab page.
In the production order, by choosing ( ) with the quick info text Component Overview .
In the PS network order, by choosing ( ) with the quick info text Component Overview for Network .
It will not implement a sub item logic; this means no automatic reference or action will be done at any changes neither at the original item nor the exchanged
item. The field is only a comment, that the user can see what the original item was.
The system transfers the quantities you enter in the ATP popup to the PM order, PP order or PS network order. The system checks these quantities against
the original item quantity.
Activities
In Customizing for Logistics - General Interchangeability of Parts Define Settings for Material Exchange and Restricted Interchangeability,you can set the
system to automatically carry out material exchange. SelectAutomaticunderMaterial ExchangeandAutomaticunderSelect IC Materials.The values for the selected
quantity are then calculated by the system and suggested in the ATP popup.
1.5 Business Add-Ins (BAdIs) for Interchangeability of Parts
In Customizing under Logistics – General Interchangeability of Parts Business Add-Ins (Add-Ins) , you have the following business add-ins (BAdIs) at
your disposal:
Business Add-In (BAdI) Description
BADI_ADPIC_STO_ATP_QTY BAdI: Enhancements for Adjusting ATP Quantities in Stock Transport Orders
BADI_ADPIC_STO_CONSLOG BAdI: Manual Adjustment of Consumption Logic
BADI_ADPIC_STO_ATP_DLG BAdI: ATP Popup Enhancements for Stock Transport Orders
BADI_ADPIC_HANDLE_PO Add-In: Prepare PO for Material Exchange and Adjust PO After Material Exchange
BADI_PIC_AUTOXCHGINF Add-In: Automatic Determination of Material and Quantity for Exchange
BADI_PIC_PREPXCHDATA Add-In: Prepare PO Data Before Calling Exchange to Create Subitems in PO
BADI_ADPIC_MIGO_GI_SER BAdI for Serial Number Selection in MIGO Goods Issue
BADI_ADPIC_MIGO_GI_SORT BAdI for Sorting on Screen in MIGO Goods Issue
AD_MPN_RBA_IC BAdI: Customer Adjustment for Configuration Control and ATP
AD_MPN_RBA_SUBCON BAdI: Customer Adjustments for Processing Components of Subcon. Orders
BADI _ADPIC_IC_MATS Add-In: Define and Filter Freely-Defined Interchangeable Materials
AD_MPN_RBA_2_IC BAdI: Enhancements for Maintenance Orders
1.6 Supersession
Purpose
Changes to the design, form and function of parts require vendors and manufacturers to replace obsolete parts with new versions of the same parts. This is
particularly important for the aftermarket environment where technical innovations produce a constant flow of new parts of a better quality or in a different form that
supersede older parts.
This constant process of exchange can now be mapped using the SAP System. If part A must be substituted by part B, a relationship exists between part A and
part B. This relationship is documented using a chain, in which parts replace each other. Part B can be replaced by part C and part C by part D.
The following graphic shows the relationship between the partners in the aftermarket environment: the Supersession application is particularly useful for
distribution centers that receive orders for replacement parts from customers through the dealers. The distribution center then orders these parts from the
manufacturer or the vendor and then finds out about possible material replacements. In the system, the originally ordered part is replaced by the superseding part
and is ordered from the manufacturer or vendor. The parts are staged in the distribution centers and are sent to regional depots. The regional depots then send
them to the dealer and the customer.
Up to now, you could only use the product selection function in Sales and Distribution to replace parts. You can use supersession to take into account
supersession chains in all logistical functions, such as, in procurement (in purchase orders, shipping notifications and goods receipts), in MRP (in the
requirements calculation, stock overview and forecasting) and in sales (in orders, backorder updating, rescheduling and delivery), thus making this application
cross-component.
There are original and follow-up parts in a supersession chain. An original part is replaced by a follow-up part. If the construction or manufacturing method of an
article changes, the system documents the versions using new item references, so that it is possible to differentiate between the versions in stock, in the
procurement process and in the sales process. The supersession chains consist of the expansion of the relationships with the individual objects (= item
reference). Superseded and superseding relationships are a requirement.
Implementation Considerations
If you execute the availability check for one plant only, ERP with SAP for Automotive (as of Automotive system 2.0) with a basis of the R/3 System 4.6B is
sufficient. For planning materials in several plants and for alternative products, the rules-based ATP check from APO is quicker and its functions are better suited
to the task.
Integration
The Supersession application is supported by the product selection function in Sales and Distribution. The master data is entered in a function that has been
created solely for Supersession.
You cannot use the discontinued parts function from MRP for the Supersession process.
Features
The following functions are available:
Master data : you can create, change and display supersession chains in a function for this purpose.
Purchasing :
A material replacement is possible in requests for quotations, quotations themselves, in purchase requisitions, purchase orders and inbound deliveries.
You can determine prices for Supersession.
You can verify an invoice and post the goods receipt if the purchase order is changed subsequently.
Forecasting : you can use consumption-based forecasting to generate forecast requirements for the supersession chain.
Material Requirments Planning :
Enhancements in MRP enable you to execute a requirements planning run for supersession parts.
You can calculate planned independent requirements for supersession parts.
Enhancement of stock/requirements list: you can access a period overview for a supersession part and a complete view for the other parts in the chain.
There is an improved stock overview displaying the stocks of all parts in the supersession chain.
Stock overview : enhancements to the stock overview enable you to display the stock situation for all members of the supersession chain.
Sales and Distribution:
You can execute rescheduling for supersession chains.
You can execute the ATP check for supersession chains both in the ERP System and in APO (rules-based).
CIF : there are enhancements to the integration model for the transfer of supersession data from the SAP Automotive System to APO.

ERP2005 Interchangeability

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ERP2005 Interchangeability

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Parts Interchangeability

PDF download from SAP Help Portal:

Created on October 15, 2014

1.1 Fully Interchangeable Parts

1.1.1 Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Part

1.1.1.1 Manufacturer Part Number (MPN)

1.1.1.2 External Manufacturer (Manufacturer Code)

1.1.1.3 Interchangeability Type and Interchangeability Category

1.1.1.4 Input and Output Conversion of Material Numbers

Value Range for MPN on the Selection Screen

1.1.2 Form-Fit-Function Class (FFF Class)

1.1.2.1 Maintaining Fully Interchangeable Parts

Making Global Settings

Defining a Manufacturer Part Profile

Creating Master Records for Manufacturers

Maintaining Full Interchangeability of Parts

Deleting Full Interchangeability of Parts

1.1.2.1.1 Automatic Creation of FFF Classes

Defining Start Conditions

Setting Initial Values

Maintaining an Inventory-Managed Part as a “Link”

1.1.2.2 MPN-MRP Set

Working with MRP Areas

1.1.2.2.1 Interchangeable Manufacturer Parts in MRP

Master Production Scheduling (MPS) and Long Term Planning

Planned Independent Requirements from Forecasting

1.1.2.2.1.1 Consumption-Based Planning of Parts in MPN-MRP

Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Parts

Forecast of Parts in MPN-MRP Sets

Total Consumption of MPN-MRP Sets

1.1.2.2.1.2 MRP of Parts in MPN-MRP Sets

Inventory-Managed Manufacturer Parts

Showing/Hiding MPN-MRP Set Totals

If you show the MPN-MRP set total:

Displaying Interchangeable Parts

1.1.2.2.2 Creating and Changing MPN-MRP Sets

For more information, see MRP Area .

Functions for Changing MPN-MRP Sets

1.1.2.2.2.1 Generating MPN-MRP Sets Automatically

1.1.2.3 NATO Stock Number (NSN)

1.1.3 Manufacturer Part Profile

Material Types Interchangeable Part and FFF Class

1.2.4 Data Consistency

Automatic Consistency Check

1.2.5 Graphical Display of All Interchangeability Relationships

Branch to the material master ( ( ) Material Master )

Membership of Fully Interchangeable Parts in MPN-MRP Sets

1.2 One-Way and Restricted Interchangeable Parts

1.2.1 Maintaining Restricted Interchangeable Parts

Maintaining One-Way or Restricted Interchangeability

3. Choose Edit New Entries .

1.2.2 Interchangeability Code

Restricted interchangeability after an additional production step

1.2.3 Settings for Material Exchange and Restricted

By default, the indicator for activating restricted interchangeability is not flagged.

CO09RIC Restricted Interchange in CO09 n/a yes

ME Purchasing Documents yes yes

MIGO Material exchange in MIGOI n/a yes

MIGO_GI Material exchange in MIGO - Goods Issue n/a yes

MMBE Stock Overview n/a yes

PMRIC Restricted Interchange in PM Order n/a yes

STOBAPI Stock Transport Order via BAPI forPO yes yes

STOME Stock Transport Order via ME21N/ME22N yes yes