RESULTS

Graph 1: Graph of Single Pump of Pressure Drop against Volume Flow Rate

Graph 1.Shows the curve of pressure difference in pressure 1 and pressure 2 against the volume
flow rate for a single pump. From the graph shown as the volume flow rate increases the pressure
drop decreases. A higher volume flow rate will cause less pressure produced by the pump.

Table 1.The recorded data for Pressure 1, Pressure 2, Volume flow rate and Pressure drop for
Single Pump.

From Table 1.As the Volume flow rate increases the Pressure drop decreases.
Graph 2.Graph of Series Pump of Pressure Drop against Volume Flow Rate

Graph 2.Shows the curve of pressure difference in pressure 4 and pressure 1 against the volume
flow rate for a series pump. From the graph shown as the volume flow rate increases the pressure
drop decreases.

Table 2.The recorded data for Pressure 1, Pressure 3,Pressure 4, Volume flow rate and Pressure
drop for Series Pump.

From Table 2. As the Volume flow rate increases the Pressure drop decreases.
Graph 3: Graph of Parallel Pump of Pressure Drop against Volume Flow Rate.

Graph 3.Shows the curve of pressure difference in pressure 2 and pressure 1 against the volume
flow rate for a parallel pump. From the graph shown as the volume flow rate increases the
pressure drop decreases.

Table 3.The recorded data for Pressure 1, Pressure 2, Pressure 4, Volume flow rate and Pressure
drop for Parallel Pump.

From Table 3. As the Volume flow rate increases the Pressure drop decreases.
DISCUSSIONS

In this experiment it can be seen that pumps are used to enhance the volume flow rate or the

delivery pressure depending on the way it is connected, whether it is through a single pump or

double pump that is connected through series or parallel.

From Graph 1 and Table 1 and Graph 2 and Table 2, it can be seen that a single pump

produces a lesser pressure drop when compared with double pump connected in series. However,

a single pump is insufficient to get the desired outcome. For a single pump in series the pressure

head will be doubled while the flow rate will remain the same because the flow of liquid will

pass from one pump to the next at a steady rate.

From Graph 3 and Table 3, it can be seen that volume flow rate is doubled while the

pressure drop is decreasing steadily. For double pump connected in parallel the combined pump

increases the pumping capacity of the system , thus two pump will draw water from a single

source and discharged through a single pipe to get the desired output.

Most pumps operating today are selected to meet certain requirement and maximum system

demand. This means that most pumps are oversized, rarely operating at their full design capacity.

To increase the efficiency of the pump, a throttling valve is employed when the process flow

requirement is less than the flow at the pumping system’s natural operating point. The throttling

valves control flow by increasing the system’s backpressure or resistance to flow. Besides, we

need to avoid excess power consumption due to the valve throttling and avoid overflow and

wastage flow of water. To overcome this issue, is by applying the VFD or the Variable

Frequency Drive for pump motor speed control.