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In office
28 July 2016 – 23 March 2018
Mercedes Aráoz
In office
16 August 2005 – 27 July 2006
In office
16 February 2004 – 16 August 2005
In office
28 July 2001 – 11 July 2002
In office
28 July 1980 – 3 August 1982
Personal details
Lima, Peru
affiliations
Princeton University
Signature
Website Official website
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard (Spanish: [ˈpeðɾo ˈpaβlo kuˈtʃinski ɣoˈðarð];[a] born 3 October
1938), better known simply as PPK, is a Peruvian economist, politician and public
administrator who served as the 66th President of Peru. He was previously the Prime Minister
of Peru from 2005 to 2006. His administration abruptly ended on 23 March 2018, following his
address to the nation two days earlier, announcing his resignation.[1]
Kuczynski worked in the United States before entering Peruvian politics.[2] He held positions at
both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund before being designated as the
general manager of Peru's Central Reserve Bank. He later served as Minister of Energy and
Mines in the early 1980s under President Fernando Belaúnde Terry, and as Minister of
Economy and Finance and Prime Minister under President Alejandro Toledo in the
2000s.[3] Kuczynski was a presidential candidate in the 2011 presidential election, placing third.
His opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimoriwent on to the 5 June 2011 runoff election, in
which Humala was elected.[4] Kuczynski went on to stand in the 2016 election, where he
narrowly defeated Fujimori in the second round.[5] He was sworn in as President on 28 July
2016.[6][7]Kuczynski held U.S. citizenship until November 2015; he renounced it to be able to run
for Peru's Presidency.[8]
On 15 December 2017, the Congress of Peru, which is controlled by the opposition Popular
Force, initiated impeachmentproceedings against Kuczynski, after he was accused of lying
about receiving payments from a scandal-hit Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht in the mid-
2000s.[9] However, on 21 December 2017, the Peruvian congress lacked the majority of votes
needed to impeach Kuczynski.[10] After further scandals and facing a second impeachment
vote, Kuczynski resigned the presidency on 21 March 2018 following the release of videos
showing alleged acts of vote buying, presenting his resignation to the Council of Ministers.[11][12]
Contents
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Political career[edit]
Kuczynski in 2008
In 1980, after the election of Fernando Belaúnde Terry as president, Kuczynski was invited to
return to Peru to serve as Minister of Energy and Mines. In this position, he sponsored law
23231 which, through tax exemptions and other incentives, promoted oil and gas exploration
and exploitation after a period of relative neglect. Kuczynski resigned in 1982 in order to return
to the private sector in the United States. However, during the second round of the 2016
presidential campaign, he claimed that he had left Peru due to the threats and attacks from
the Shining Path insurgent group: "Let's remember that the terrorists not only hung
my effigy on the zanjón (a local denomination for Paseo de La República (es) avenue in Lima)
and in San Martín square, but they attacked my apartment. Just as 3 million Peruvians, I left
the country". This was in response to an attack by election opponent Keiko Fujimori (daughter
of then-imprisoned dictator Alberto Fujimori and main rival of PPK in the second round of
elections) who claimed that Kuczynski did not "have moral authority to speak of terrorism".[19]
During the rest of the 1980s and 1990s, Kuczynski was mainly involved in the private-equity
fund-management business in the United States. He made small personal donations to the
presidential campaigns of George H.W. Bush and of George W. Bushand to the state-senator
campaign of his wife's cousin in Wisconsin.[20]
In 2000, Kuczynski joined the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo Manrique, then an
economics professor at the ESAN university in Lima. After Toledo was elected president in
2001, Kuczynski served as Minister of Economy and Finance from July 2001 to July
2002,[21] and again from February 2004 to August 2005. In August 2005, he was appointed as
Prime Minister, a position he held until Toledo's presidential term expired in 2006.[citation needed]
In 2007, Manuel Dammert (aka Manuel Dammert Ego Aguirre), a sociologist and politician,
alleged that Kuczynski was involved in facilitating the activities, in various projects in Peru, of a
financial entity known as First Capital Partners, in particular in relation to the Olmos diversion
project, the Jorge Chávez International Airport, the Transportadora de Gas, and the Conrisa
consortium. Former partners of Kuczynski in LAEF (above) had reportedly inaccurately listed
Kuczynski as a founding partner of First Capital but corrected the error shortly afterwards. In
consequence, Kuczynski sued Dammert for defamation and falsification of documents.
Kuczynski prevailed at the first and second instance, but, on appeal, Peru's Supreme Court
upheld Dammert's right to ask questions on matters of public interest, without ruling on the
merits of Dammert's claims. These claims have been denied extensively by Kuczynski.[citation
needed]
After working with the Toledo administration, Kuczynski founded Agua Limpia, a Peruvian non-
governmental organization that provides drinking water systems to communities in Peru. Agua
Limpia is supported by the Inter-American Development Bank, Scotia Bank of Canada and
others.[22]
2011 presidential campaign[edit]
On 1 December 2010, Kuczynski announced that he would stand as a candidate for President
of Peru in the upcoming elections.[23]
Kuczynski ran for President of Peru in the general election, though he did not pass into the run-
off as head of the Alianza por el Gran Cambio (Alliance for the Great Change), formed by
the Christian People's Party, the Alliance for Progress, the Humanist Party and the National
Restoration Party.[16]
2016 presidential campaign[edit]
In 2015, he announced that he would again be running for President, but now with a political
party which he had built himself (Peruanos Por el Kambio, PPK).[8]
Kuczynski won 21% of the popular vote in Peru's general elections on April 10, 2016, to qualify
for a runoff vote against Keiko Fujimori,[24] in which he narrowly triumphed with 50.12% of the
vote to Fujimori's 49.88%,[5] a margin of just thirty-nine thousand votes out of nearly eighteen
million cast. Barely a week before the second round of voting, when trailing Keiko, Kuczynski
received an important endorsement from third-place finisher Verónika Mendoza (18.82%),
Peru’s leading left-wing candidate, in an effort to defeat Fujimori.[8]
Keiko's party, Fuerza Popular, has an absolute majority in Congress with 73 of the 130 seats;
PPK trails with 18.[8]
Presidency[edit]
Kuczynski and his cabinet, 28 July 2016
Kuczynski was sworn in as President on 28 July 2016.[6][7] At age 77, he was the oldest
President to take office.[25]
As part of the recent push in Peru to recognize and integrate indigenous peoples into national
life, Kuczynski's government supported the use of indigenous languages in Peru, with the
state-run TV station starting to broadcast in December 2016 a daily news program
in Quechua and in April 2017 one in Aymara. The President's state-of-the-union address was
simultaneously translated to Quechua in July 2017.[26]
Foreign policies[edit]
Kuczynski opposed the regime of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela, and welcomed the
Venezuelan expatriates that escaped from their country. Nearly 200,000 Venezuelans settled
in Peru, others moved to Peru and then to Chile or Argentina from there. Kuczynski was one of
the leaders of the Latin American faction that asks for the democratization of
Venezuela.[27] Peru revoked Venezuela's invitation to the 8th Summit of the Americas because
of Maduro's plan to hold an early presidential election, as the major opposing parties were
banned from it.[28]
Controversies[edit]
First impeachment[edit]
Main article: First impeachment process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
On 15 December 2017, the Congress of the Republic initiated impeachment proceeding
against Kuczynski, with the congressional opposition stating that he had lost the ″moral
capacity″ to lead the country after he admitted receiving advisory fees from scandal-hit
Brazilian construction company Odebrecht while he was Peru's Minister of Economy and
Finance between 2004 and 2005.[29] Kuczynski had previously denied receiving any payments
from Odebrecht, but later confessed that his company, Westfield Capital Ltd, had been
receiving money from Odebrecht for advisory services, while still denying that irregularities
existed in the payments.[30]
Pardon of Alberto Fujimori[edit]
Main article: Pardon of Alberto Fujimori
On 24 December 2017, three days after surviving the impeachment vote, Kuczynski pardoned
former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori.[31]
Second impeachment, Kenjivideos and resignation[edit]
Main articles: Second impeachment process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Kenjivideos
scandal, and Resignation of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
After further scandals broke out surrounding Kuczynski, a second impeachment vote was to be
held on 22 March 2018. Two days before the vote, Kuczynski stated that he would not resign
and decided to face the impeachment process for a second time. The next day on 21 March
2018, a video was released of Kuczynski allies, including his lawyer and Kenji Fujimori,
attempting to buy the vote against impeachment from one official.[32]
Following the release of the video, Kuczynski presented himself before congress and officially
submitted his resignation to the Council of Ministers.[11][12] Kuczynski's first vice president, Martín
Vizcarra, was later named President of Peru on 23 March 2018.