STRENGTH PREFORMANCE OF MARBLE DUST CONCRETE

A DISSERATION

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
by
Sahil Chalotra Arshshdeep Singh Thakur
Manjeet Singh Arora Ramnik Kour
Manik Gupta Amanjot Singh
Paramveer Singh Ankit Mahajan
Anil Kumar Arun Kumar Kalaotra
Vinod Kumar Rohit Kumar
Chandar Mohan

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ADESH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GHARUAN (CHANDIGARH)
 ADESH INSTIUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GHARUAN
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CANDIDATE DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the work, which is being presented in the
Dissertation entitled “Strength performance of Marble Dust Concrete” in
partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree Bachelor of
Technology submitted in Department of civil engineering of the institute
is an authentic record of my own work carried oot under the supervision
of Er. Manpreet Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering.
I have not submitted the matter presented in this or any other degree of
this or any other institute or university.

Date: Signature of the candidate

This is to certify that the above statement made by candidate is correct to

the best of my knowledge.

Er. Manpreet Singh

(Supervisor)

Signature of supervisor Signature of HOD Signature of External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

No academic Endeavour can be singlehandedly accomplished. A part from my efforts, the

success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I
take these opportunities to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrument in the
successful completion of this project.

I would like to show my greatest appreciation to my project guide Er. Manpreet Singh,
Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Adesh Institute of Technology,
Chandigarh. I can’t say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help. I feel motivated
and encouraged every time I meet him for discussion. Without his invaluable guidance and
persistent supervision this project would not have materialized.

I would also like to thanks Er. Kamaldip Singh, Er. Rupinder Singh and other staff members
of Concrete Testing Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, for all their valuable co-
operation in this project work.

Words are inadequate in offering my heartfelt thanks to my classmate for their cooperation in
carrying out the project work.

Finally, rest importantly, I would like to convey my profound and sincere thanks to all other
department teachers and staff, those who directly or in directly helped me with there valuable
guidance and help provided in practical understanding. This project provided me a better insight
in the field of Marble Dust Concrete. This was really a great learning experience.

I will be failing in my duties, if I don’t acknowledge my sense of gratitude to Almighty GOD

and my Parents, the blessing of who have made me reach my destination.
 ABSTARCT

Marble has been widely used in structure since ancient times. Most of the
monuments and ancient sculptures were made with the help of marbles. Nowadays,
marbles are used for the decoration purpose, which increases its demand in the
market. With the increases in production of marbles its increases the waste that
obtained from it. As marble powder is the waste product, obtained during the
process of sawing and shaping of marble by parent marble rock, contains heavy
metals which makes the water unfit for use. Marble powder creates environmental
problems, it has a great impact on human health’s well as on nature.

In the present study mechanical and durability test were carried out on Marble Dust
Concrete. The percentage of Marble Dust Concrete that partially and fully replaced
by cement by weight were conducted for both Ordinate Concrete and marble dust
Concrete with different percentages of Marble Dust.

It is observed from the experimental result and its analysis, that the compressive
strength of concrete increases with addition of low Marble Dust.
 CONTENT

Page no

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CONTENT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. General Introduction to Concrete
1.2. Introduction to Marble Dust

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Literature Review
2.3 Objectives of the study

CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Test Programme
3.3 Materials
3.3.1 Cement
3.3.2 Fine aggregate
3.3.3 Coarse aggregate
3.3.4 Water
3.4 Concrete Mix Design
3.5 Mix Design Combination
3.6 Specimen Details
3.7 Casting and Curing
3.8 Tests on hardened concrete
3.8.1 Compression test

CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Compressive strength test results

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS

REFFERENCES

ANNEXURE

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1.2 Marble Dust

Fig.3.1 Concrete Batch Mixer
Fig.3.2 Vibrating Table
Fig.3.3 Curing Tank
Fig.3.4 Compression testing Machine
Fig.4.1 Graph of Variation of Compressive Strength of Concrete Mixes
with curing period .
LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Physical properties of cement 11

Table 3.2 Sieve analysis of fine aggregate 12
Table 3.3 Fineness Modulus of coarse aggregates 13
Table 3.4 Combinations of Industrial waste (Marble dust) Used (%) 16
Table 3.5 Values of Different Materials Used (Kg) 16
Table 4.1 Compressive strength (MPA) results of all mixes of concrete at different curing ages.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Nowadays, concrete made with Portland cement is probably the most widely used man made
material in the world. Concrete is a widely used construction material consisting of cementing
material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and required quantity of water. It is estimated that
cement production is responsible for about 3%of the global. Concrete is a composite material
composed of coarse granular material (the aggregate or filler) embedded in a hard matrix of
material (the cement or binder) that fills the space among the aggregate particles and glues them
together.

1.2 Marble Dust

Marble is a metamorphic rock produced from limestone by pressure and heat in the earth crust
due to geological process. In India the marble & quarry are the most thriving industries.
Presently large amounts of marble dust are generated in natural stone processing plants with an
important impact on environment and humans. Marble is one of the most important materials
used in buildings since ancient times, especially for decorative purposes. A large quantity of
powder is generated during the cutting process.
It is estimated that such waste amounts to as much as 80–90% of the extracted rock. The use of
the waste derived from marble extraction in the production of structural concrete is therefore
justified. A major component of concrete is cement, which similarly exerts environmental and
social effects. The cement industry is one of the three primary producers of carbon dioxides, a
major greenhouse gas 5-10%. The other two are the energy production and transportation
industries. The use of marble dust as filler material in cement reduces the amount of natural
resources required. This displaces some cement production, an energetically expensive and
environmentally problematic process, while reducing both the need for land area for extracting
resources and amount of industrial waste that must be disposed of. In recent times, marble dusts
have found some use in the construction.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with the review of developments that have taken place in the area of cement
concrete. This chapter covers the review of research work carried out on the study of marble dust
and replace by cement in different percentages and its Structural properties check by lab test i.e.
compressive strength. Materials are used according to their physical and chemical properties,
according to properties of materials the workability, strength and durability properties of
concrete in mixes decided.

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Sounthararajan and Sivakumar (2013) carried out study on lime content in marble powder
and its effects on concrete mix. The waste marble powder up to 10% by weight of cement was
investigated for hardened concrete properties Furthermore, the effect of different percentage
replacement of MDP on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength
was evaluated. A phenomenal increase in the compressive strength of 46.80 MPa at 7 days for
10% replacement of MDP in cement content was noted and also showed an improved
mechanical property compared to controlled concrete.

Corinaldesi et.al (2010) investigated the chemical and physical properties of powder obtained
from marble sawing to use it as mineral addition for mortars and concretes, especially for self-
compacting concrete This marble powder showed a very high Blaine fineness value of about
1500 m2/kg, with 90% of particles finer than 50 ml and 50% under 7 ml. For rheological studies,
several cement pastes were prepared using marble powder, with and without the addition of an
acrylic-based super plasticizer.

Demirel (2010) demonstrated the use of marble dust as fine aggregate in concrete mix. In this
experimental study, the effects of using waste marble powder have been studied as a fine
material on the mechanical properties of the concrete. For determining the effect of the waste
marble powder on the compressive strength with respect to the curing age, compressive strengths
of the samples were recorded at the curing ages of 3 and 28 days. Marble powder is a by-product
of marble production facilities and it creates large amount of environmental pollution. To prevent
this problem marble powder can be utilized by mixing in the concrete mix.

Patel et.al (2013) investigated the use of marble dust (MD) as a cementations material in
concrete and mortar. MD was added to concrete and mortar mixtures to study its effect on the
strength and on the ability of the cover zone to absorb water, an important factor in the
deterioration process. These include marble sludge/slurry. Marble sawing powder wastes is
widespread by-product of industrial process in India. Generally these wastes pollute and damage
the environment due to sawing and polishing processes.

Pathan and Pathan (2014) carried out study on feasibility and use of marble dust on concrete
mixes. The production of cheaper and more durable concrete using this waste can solve to some
extent the ecological and environmental problems. Therefore it provides a scope for more
research which is required to design consistent and durable concrete this waste.

Mishra et.al (2013) carried out study on green cement for sustainable concrete using marble
dust. It was found that the blended cements developed higher strength, at 28 days compared to 7
days. The strength increase was higher, the higher the marble dust content. So, concrete prepared
by marble dust which helpful to reduce consumption of natural resources and energy and
pollution of the environment.
Vaidevi (2013) studied the possibilities of using waste materials from different manufacturing
activities in the preparation of mortar and concrete. The concrete (M30) was prepared containing
5, 7.5 and 10 % waste of marble dust with cement. The compressive strength and tensile strength
of concrete were calculated with and without partial replacement with marble dust at 7 and 28
days. Test result indicated that 10% of marble dust in cement concrete give best result and
increase in curing days will increased the strength when compared from 7 to 28 days.

2.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

(i) To test the compressive strength of concrete by replacing content of spacing with varying
amount of marble dust.

(ii) To determine the amount marble dust that can replace the amount of cement without causing
decrease in strength.
 CHAPTER 3

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter explains the experiments that were performed on concrete to study the effects of
marble dust on the effect of concrete. The concrete mix designs for different mix were done and
the quantities of different materials to be used were determined.

3.2 TEST PROGRAM

The following test program was planned to investigate the strength of concrete:

(i) To obtain the physical properties of the concrete constituents i.e. ordinary
Portland Cement (PC), sand, coarse aggregate and mineral admixtures used i.e.
Marble Dust as per relevant Indian Standard Codes of Practice.

(ii) Development of various mix combinations for concrete.

(iii) Casting and curing.

(iv) Testing of specimens for Compressive strength test.

(v) Determining the effects of replacement of Cement by Marble dust by various percentages on
the Compressive strength

3.3 MATERIAL

Concrete is a composite material, made by mixing Coarse aggregate (CA) & Fine aggregate
(FA), Cement & Water.
3.3.1 CEMENT

Ordinary Portland Cement 43 with conforming to BIS: 1489-1991 was used in the entire
experimental study. This cement is used for the MDP and corresponding convectional concrete.
Cement was carefully stored to prevent deterioration in its properties due to contact with the
moisture.

Table 3.1 Physical properties of Ordinary Portland Cement.

S.No. Properties Characteristics

1 Fineness (90micron IS Sieve ) 2%

2 Soundness 2 mm

3 Initial setting time 45 minutes

4 Final setting time 370 minutes

5 Standard consistency 36 %
3.3.2 FINE AGGREGATE

River sand was used as fine aggregate. IS 383-1970 defines the fine aggregate, as the one
passing 4.75mm IS sieve. The sand conforms to grading Zone – III as per IS: 383 – 1970
respectively.

Table 3.2 Sieve analysis of fine aggregate sample 2kg

Sieve No. Mass Retained Percentage Percentage Cummulative %

Retained Passing age Retained

4.75 0 0 100 0

2.36 200 20 80 20

1.18 270 27 53 47

600 430 43 10 90

300 0.04 0.04 9.96 99.96

150 0 0 0 0

Pan 0 0 0 0
ƩC=256.96
Fineness modulus of fine aggregates = (256.96)/100 = 2.56
Fineness modulus of fine aggregate = 2.56

3.3.3 COARSE AGGREGATE

Locally available crushed stone aggregates of 12.5mm nominal maximum size were used as
coarse aggregate.

Specific gravity = 2.65

Bulk density = 1700 Kgm-3

Water absorption= 0.5%

3.3.4 WATER

Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participates in the chemical reaction

with cement. Since it helps to form the strength giving cement gel, the quantity and quality of
water is required to be looked in to very carefully. Mixing water should not contain undesirable
organic substances or inorganic constituents in excessive proportions. In this project clean
potable water was used.

3.4 CONCRETE MIX DESIGNS

 TARGET STRENGTH

The margin over characteristics strength is given by the following relation.

f’ = f
ck ck + 1.65 s
 Standard deviation based on test strength of sample

 Selection of water content

The quantity of mixing water per unit volume of concrete may be determined from table 2 in IS:
456- 2000

 Calculation of cementitious material content.

 Estimation of coarse aggregate.
 Combination of different coarse aggregate fractions.
 Estimation of fine aggregate proportion.

 TRIAL MIXES

The calculated mix proportions shall be checked by names of trial batches.

3.5 MIX DESIGN COMBINATION

The following mix design combination as mentioned in Table 3.4 has been studied in
present work. The quantities of the different material has been shown in Table 3.5
Replacement of cement by marble dust at 5%, 7.5% and 10%.
Table 3.4 COMBINATION AND INDRUSTRIAL WASTE (marble
dust) used (%)

Mix Name Cement Marble Dust

M1 100 0

M2 95 5

M3 92.5 7.5

M4 90 10
 Table 3.5 VALUE OF DIFFERENT MATERIAL USED (Kg)

Mix name Cement (kg) Fine Marble dust Water (ltrs.) Course
aggregate (kg) aggregat
(kg) e (kg)

M1

M2

M3

M4
3.6 SPECIMEN DETAILS

The standard size of cube is 150mmX150mmX150mm used to find the

compressive strength of concrete cubes

3.7 CASTING AND CURING

The casting of the specimens was done under laboratory conditions using standard
equipment. Each batch consisted of all total of 24 standard cubes for compressive
strength at 7days and 28days of each batch respectively

Fig. (A) CASTING OF SPECIMEN

 Fig. (B) CURING OF SPECIMEN

3.8 TESTS ON HARDENED CONCRETE

3.8.1 Compressive Strength 0Test

Cubes were tested for compressive strength as per Indian Standard guidelines. For compressive
strength, concrete cube was tested.
 CHAPTER 4

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 GENERAL

The objectives of this study were to examine the strength (i.e. compressive strength) of concrete
at different percentages of Marble Dust. The following test were conducted:

 Compressive strength test.

The detailed analysis and discussion of the test results as obtained from the experimental
programme is presented in following sections.

4.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS

The results of the compressive strength tests conducted on concrete specimens of different mixes
cured at different ages are presented and discussed in this section. The compressive strength test
was conducted at curing ages of 7 and 28 days. The compressive strength test results of all the
mixes and different curing ages are shown in Table- 4.1.Variation of compressive strength of all
the mixes cured at 7 days and 28 days is also shown in Fig. 4.1. Table 4.1 shows that with
increase the content of marble dust the compressive strength increase up to certain limit but after
an optimum limit is reached then the compressive strength decreases. It was observed that the 28
days curing strength increases with the increase in marble dust content from 0% to 7.5 %.
 Table 4.1: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST OF CUBES

Test Reading of Cube

Mix Design Compressive Strength in N/mm2

S.No.

Cement (%) Marble dust (%) 7 days 28 days

1 100 0 23.66 Nmm-2 25.33

2 95 5 25.32 Nmm-2 28.85

3 92.5 7.5 29.77 Nmm-2 32.66

4 90 10 26.21 Nmm-2 28
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS

The experimental results obtained from conducting compressive strength test, The constituent
cement was replaced by marble dust up to 10 percent. The following points could be concluded
based upon the observations:

1) The marble dust which is a waste from the marble industry and can be efficiently
used in construction.

2) There was a significant increase in compressive strength of concrete with addition

of marble dust up to 7.5 %.

3) The optimum content of marble dust used should be 7.5 % with 92.5 % cement for
the various concrete mix

4) The strength of concrete mix with marble dust always resulted in higher
strength concrete than without marble dust.
 REFERENCES

1) Sounthararajan VM and Sivakumar,A (2013), Effect of The Lime Content in

Marble Powder for Producing High Strength Concrete, ARPN Journal of
Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 4, ISSN 1819-6608.

2) Corinaldesi V, Moriconi G, and Naik T. R, (2010), Characterization of marble

powder for its use in mortar and concrete, Construction and Building Material.,
Vol. 24, no. 1.

3) Demirel B, (2010),The Effect of the using Waste Marble Dust as Fine Sand on the
Mechanical Properties of the Concrete, ISSN 1992 – 1950 ©2010, International
Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(9), pp.1372-1380.

4) Patel N., Raval A and Pitroda J (2013), Marble Waste: Opportunities for
Development of Low Cost Concrete, Global Research Analysis, Vol. 2 Issue: 2,
ISSN No 2277 – 8160.

5) Pathan V and Pathan G, (2014), Feasibility and need of use of waste marble
powder in concrete production, In proceeding of international conference on
advances in engineering and technology: IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil
Engineering, e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334.

6) Mishra A , Pandey A, Maheshwari P, Chouhan A and Das S, (2013), Green

Cement For Sustainable Concrete Using Marble Dust, In proceeding of
international conference global scenario in environment and engineering : IJCRGG
ISSN :0974-4290 Vol.5, No.2, pp616-622.
7) Vaidevi C (2013), Study on marble dust as partial replacement of cement in
concrete International Journal Engineering, Vol. 4, No 9, ISSN:2319-7757.
ANNEXURE