DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

Miriam College
Kalayaan Avenue, Quezon City

PLAGIARISM AND REFERENCING*

International Studies 102: Introduction to Political Analysis

PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism is the theft or use of someone else’s work without proper acknowledgement, presenting the
material as if it were one’s own. Plagiarism is a serious academic offence and the consequences are severe.
• Unacknowledged direct copying from the work of another person, or the close paraphrasing of
someone else’s work, is called plagiarism and is a serious offence, equated with cheating in
examinations. This applies to copying both from other students’ work and from published sources
such as books, reports or journal articles. Plagiarized material may originate from any source. It is
as serious to use material from the World Wide Web or from a computer based encyclopedia or
literature archive as it is to use material from a printed source if it is not properly acknowledged.
• Use of quotations or data from the work of others is entirely acceptable, and is often very valuable
provided that the source of the quotation or data is given. Failure to provide a source or put
quotation marks around the material that is taken from elsewhere gives the appearance that the
comments are ostensibly one’s own. When quoting word-for-word from the work of another person,
quotation marks or indenting (setting the quotation in from the margin) must be used and the source
of the quoted material must be acknowledged.
• Paraphrasing, when the original statement is still identifiable and has no acknowledgement, is
plagiarism. Taking a piece or text, from whatever source, and substituting words or phrases with
other words or phrases is plagiarism, Any paraphrase of another person’s work must have an
acknowledgement to the source. It is not acceptable to put together unacknowledged passages
from the same or from different sources linking these together with a few words or sentences of your
own and changing a few words from the original text: this is regarded as overdependence on other
sources, which is a form of plagiarism.
• Direct quotations from an earlier piece of the student’s own work, if unacknowledged, suggests that
the work is original, when in fact it is not. The direct copying of one’s own writing qualifies as
plagiarism if the fact that that the work has been or is to be presented elsewhere is not
acknowledged.
• Sources of quotations used should be listed in full in the reference list at the end of the piece of
work and in a style required by the student’s department/institute/school.
• Plagiarism is a serious offence and will always result in imposition of a penalty. In deciding upon
the penalty, the course handler will take into account factors such as the year of study, the extent
and proportion of the work that has been plagiarized and the apparent intent of the student.

REFERENCING

For this course, the format of the American Psychological Association (APA) will be used. In this format,
the Reference List at the end provides the complete reference while the bracketed note in the text provides
only author’s surname, year of publication, page(s). APA reserves numbered footnotes for explanatory
footnotes. The APA uses a, b, etc. when the Reference List has more than one source for the same author(s)
for the same year.

Example:
Contrary to the claim that democracy gives too little emphasis on discipline, it must be noted that the survival
and effective functioning of democracy necessitates a disciplined population which conduct themselves
according to the rule of law (Bautista 2008: 23).

1
Reference List

A Book:

Single Author Bautista, M.C.F. (2008). Modern politics and government, Quezon City: UP
University Press.

Edited Book Sarrondo, C.E.S. and Bitonio M.D.D. (Eds.) (2000). Political analysis: a critical
introduction. New York: Palgrave.

A Journal Article:

Print Journal Santonia, C.R., & Cabildo, D.D.P. (2005). The evolution of political science. Journal
of Politics, 7(2), 46-65.

Print with E-Version Palisoc, N.K.R., Callueng, H.R.. & Morales, V.I.N.T. (2007). Making democracy
work. Journal of Political Thought, 7(2), 46-65. Retrieved June 10 2008 from
ProQuest database.

E-Journal Cerillo, G.Y., Matias, M.R.E. & Chua, M.C.C.P. (2002). What is new with neo-
institutionalism? International Political Science Review, 7(2), 46-65. Retrieved June
12 2008 from http://journals.ipsr.org/neo-institutionalism/pre40001a.htm.

A Chapter in an Edited Collection:

Dignos, J.B., Malbas, J.M.L., & Guerra, J.A. (2001) Contemporary political ideologies. In H.R.K. Humiwat &
P.D.G. Macariola (Eds.), Key issues in political philosophy (3rd ed., pp. 10-27), Quezon City: Tanedo
University Press.

A Magazine or Newspaper Article

Guerra, J.A. (2008, June 10). UP political science students hailed as the brightest in the country. Philippine
Daily Inquirer, A5.

A Source Taken from the www:

Lagonoy, M.A.S. (2003) Conceptualizing power. Retrieved 16 April 2008 from the World Wide Web:
http://www.philpolsci.org/11.11.98wel.htm, pp. 25-54.

When the Bibliography lists more than one source from the same author/s from the same year:

Paumbal, M.J.P & Humiwat, H.R.K. (2006a). Mixed government, balanced constitutions and the separation
of powers, Journal of Politics, 32(1): 56-77.

Paumbal, M.J.P & Humiwat, H.R.K. (2006b). Politics and freedom in the Philippines, Philippine Journal of
Political Science, 25(8): 22-36.

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∗
This is largely drawn from the Postgraduate Student Handbook 2003-2004, Department of Political Science, College of Social Sciences and
Philosophy, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.