EXPERIMENT 1

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this experiment is to become familiar with a multimeter and to use it to make
resistance measurements. A final aspect of this lab is to understand how a piece of test
equipment affects the circuit it is connected to.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment is to enable students to gain experience with circuit
construction and resistance measurements.

PROCEDURE

1) Two resistors are used to determine the nominal resistance value and the tolerance for
each resistor based on the resistor code.
2) Both nominal and measured values are recorded in Table 1.1
3) Then resistance of each resistors is measured using multimeter
4) Ω function of the multimeter is then selected
5) Probes are attached across the resistor to measure the resistance value
6) The measured value of resistance is then recorded in Table 1.1, Table 1.2, and Table
1.3

RESULTS

A. Resistor Measurement

Resistors Resistance (kΩ) % Difference = (Nominal ± – Measured) x100%

Nominal ± % Measured Nominal

tolerance
R1 2.005/1.995kΩ 1.96kΩ 2%
R2 3.905/3.895kΩ 3.83kΩ 1.79%
TABLE 1.1
 B. Circuit assembly

Summation Resistance(kΩ) %Difference

Rt = R1 + R2
Theoretical(Nominal) Measured
5.9kΩ 5.8kΩ 1.69%
TABLE 1.2

Summation Resistance(kΩ) %Difference

Rt = R1 + R2
Theoretical(Nominal) Measured
1.32kΩ 1.297kΩ 1.74%
TABLE 1.3

DISCUSSION

A. Resistor Measurement

The easiest way to measure the resistance is by using a multimeter because it gives a solid
outcome. Lead and contact protection may not be disregarded when measuring low
protections. A value of 1 Ω for this additional introduced is normal. This can easily be
tested by setting the multimeter in the lowest resistance range and holding the two test
pins together.

B. Circuit assembly

Series Circuit

In the first part of this experiment we will study the properties of resistors, which are
connected in series circuit. Each one has the same current when resistors are connected in
series circuit.

Req = R1 + R2
Parallel Circuit

In parallel two resistors are connected side by side in the circuit. When resistors are in
parallel, the current flowing from the DC supply will come to a junction where it will choose
any of the branches to flow current. Resistors in parallel has different currents, but they each
experience the same voltage difference. We used this property of resistors in parallel to
derive an equation for calculating the equivalent resistance. In this case, the equation is a bit
more complicated than for resistors in series. Instead of the resistances adding directly, we
calculate

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝐑𝐞𝐪 𝐑𝟏 𝐑𝟐

CONCLUSION

In a nutshell, it was determined that the total current entering a load from combined E.M.F
sources equals the algebraic sum of individual caused by E.M.F sources acting along. Thus,
this experiment satisfies the superposition theorem.