JAI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

BHOPAL(M.P.)

SESSION: 2010

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ON
“RFM AND LEM”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
BHOPAL (M.P.)

Submitted By :

SURESH KUMAR

Under Guidance of :

MR. A.K BHARGAV

MR. KHANDPAL
( MANAGER )

DEPTT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG.

JNCT,BHOPAL

1
2
 BHARAT HEAVY
ELECTRICALS
LIMITED BHOPAL

TRAINING REPORT ON
“RFM
DIVISION”

Submitted By: - suresh kumar

3
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….1.

2. WHAT IS RFM?....................................................................................5.

3 SPECIFICATIONS………………………………………………………...6

4. LIST OF E TYPE EQUIPMENT…………………………………………..8

5. DISCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS……………………………………..9-31

5.1 EXCITATION CONTROL PANEL……………………………………..10-16

5.2 STATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR…………………………………….17-18

5.3 TRANSITION CONTROL PANEL……………………………………..19-20

5.4 ENGINE CONTROL PANEL……………………………………………21

5.5 INVERSE VOLTAGE SUPPRESION PANEL…………………………22

5.6 BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER………………………………….23

5.7 ARMEATURE CURRENT CONTROL REACTOR…………………….24

5.8 STABLIZING PANEL FOR AC DC SYSTEM…………………………..25

5.9 REVERSE CURRENT DIODE PANEL…………………………………26

5.10 BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER…………………………………27

5.11 FIELD CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………28

5.12 GENERATOR VOLTAGE DIVIDER PANEL………………………….29

5.13 LOAD CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………30

5.14 LOAD LIMIT RESISTOR………………………………………………..31

4
 INTRODUCTION

This division is the manufacturer of switchgear. Now its name is changed to SCR
division. This division contains eight bays. For each bay two overhead cranes are
manufactured for loading of jobs. Capacity of each crane is ten tones maximum.
This section has the following division;-

1. 11kV SWGR Assembly

2. 33kV SWGR Assembly

3. Control Gear Assembly

4. RFM/ELM Assembly & Test

5. Tap Changer

6. T C Assembly

Under this division I got training in RFM and ELM sections.

5
First of all a question arises, why protection is

needed?

Power systems of our country as well as of other country are growing faster
with more & more electrical appliances. A high degree of reliability is required
for system operation. So we have to protect the system from faults like
overloads, under voltage, over voltage etc. For protection, we use protective
devices, which are reliable such as relays circuit breakers etc. Sometimes for
the maintenance of the system, we want to break the circuit. So we use switches
for making & breaking of the circuit.

Basic requirements of protection: -

Reliability & Simplicity
selectivity & Discrimination
Sensitivity
Speed of operation

6
 RECTIFIER MANUFACTURING DIVISION
Guided by Shri A K Bhargava (Mgr.)

RFM DEPARTMENT

Rectifier manufacturing department is very special and important place. This

department basically deals with various types of jobs and important equipment. In
this department testing of jobs are also done. The various instruments that are
manufactured in the department are

1.Rectifiers

2.Inverters

3.Electronic precipitators

4.Automatic voltage regulator

5.E-Type

RECTIFIERS (AMR)

Rectifiers are the Equipment which is used for conversion of Ac to Dc.

For diesel locos AMR (three phase rectifiers) are manufactured in RFM.
These are the essential parts of diesel engine. All the facilities provided to
passenger like FAN, TUBELIGTH are run through DC only. So rectifier is
Required to convert AC to DC.

7
SPECIFICATIONS

S.No. Parameters Value

1. Nominal rating 3300 KW

2. DC volts 1200

3. DC AMPS 3800

4. Primary volts 888 max

5. Primary current 3100 A

6. Primary phases 3

7. Frequency 33.3 – 87.5 HZ

8. Connections Bridge

9. Type of cooling Forced air

10. Max. Ambient 6’ C

11. Total weight

350Kg

TYPES OF RECTIFIER:-

8
 ELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT(ELM)

ELM is an electronics-manufacturing department. In this division (17) E-Type

devices are manufactured. These E-Type devices are used in diesel locos.
These devices are as shown in the table 4.1

LIST OF E TYPE EQUIPMENT

SL CODE TYPE EQUIPMENT

1 301 VRP Voltage Regulator
2 304 EXCP Excitation Control Panel
3 306 ECP Engine Control Panel
4 307 TRP Transition Control Panel
5 310 TET Wheel Speed Transformer
6 311 ACCR Armature Current Control Reactor
7 305 RCD Reverse Current Diode
8 308 VSP Inverse Voltage Suppression Panel
9 309 STAB Stabilizing Panel
10 317 SSR Stabling Signal Resistor
11 318 FCP Field Control Panel
12 319 GVDR Generator Voltage Divider Resistor
13 320 OVDR Oscillator Voltage Divider Resistor
14 323 BKER Braking Limit Voltage Divider Panel
15 324 LLR Load Limit Resistor
16 328 TGLR Techno Generator Load Resistor Panel
17 329 LCR Load Control Resistor Panel

9
DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

10
STATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR TYPE E-301

The VR96 voltage regulator is an automatic voltage &current control

panel that Controls & Regulates output of an auxiliary Generator use
for battery charging, auxiliary Power to control system, lights & Fans.

The panel consists of two plug in cards power card (BX) & control card
(BN),an externally potentiometer, Fuse, Capacitor, Inductor& Rely
PCB.

The power card supplies power to the Gate pulse of SCR-1, SCR-2,
SCR-3 after comparing the sample of generator output with suitable
reference. A signal proportional To load current feed to current limiting
circuit if current across the set limit it will brings Down the output
voltage of the generator by controlling the transistor.

Auxiliary generator field which control & regulate the generator output.
The control Card varies the output of the power card by controlling
the firing pulse of the Thirstier.

EXCITATION CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-304

The excitation panel is static equipment, which limits main generator output by
Controlling exciter generator field for each notch position of the locomotive thr-
Ottle.

The panel is a steel fabricated housing with 7 plugs in cards receptacles

Mounted on the base of panel.

The whole electronic circuitry is laid on 7 plugs in type cards which plug in
receptacles carries the necessary internal wiring. For external wiring connection.

11
A terminal board is mounted on the lower adage of panel. Each card each slot
On the panel is numbered for easy identification & reference.

RATING: - Suitable for excitation control of exciters.

RANGE: - 1200- 3600 HP

TYPE: - AG 2707 &AG 3101 of locomotive rating from 1100 HP to 3600 HP

with associated equipments.

APPLICATIONS:- used for excitation control of alternators to match the

electrical load with output of diesel engine.

Fig1. EXCTATION CONTROL PANEL

12
BLOCK DIAGRAM

13
 C U R R E N T
M E A S U R E

BATTERY BIAS
B + 7 2 V
T E C H O

REFERENCE
FEEDBACK

G E N

BATTERY
A G S P E E D S I G N A L

VRP

MASURMENT
D I E S E L
E N G I N E

ENGINE
B - 7 2 V

SPEED
BIAS REF
CURRENT

TX-Motor
GENERATOR
SUICIDE

FUNCTION
T G

& STAB

MEASURE
VOLTAGE
E X
OSCILLATOR
MIXER REF
CARE 186

400HZ SQ
CARD

P W M
C O N T R O L S I G N A L
C A R D

V O L T A G E F E E D B A C K

B L O C K D I A G R A M E - T Y P E E X C I T A T I O N S Y S T E

The panel is comprises of following cards:-

1. OSCILLATOR CARD (253)
2. REFERENCE MIXTER CARD (186)
3. MISCELLANEOUS CARD (187)
4. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION CARD (185)
5. VOLTAGE CONTROL CARD (292)
6. POWER TRASISER CARD (292)
7. FUNTION GENERATOR CARD

14
DESCRIPTION OF CARDS

15
THE DESCRIPTION OF CARDS:-

1. OSCILLATOR CARD: - Card in slot 1 is called the oscillator card.

This card provides A.C power of 400Hz to feed various measuring

reactors & to drive power transistors. in this card two cards are coupled
together with brackets to from one oscillator card.

2. REFRENCE CARD: - Card in slot two is called reference card. It

determine the reference current level, which when compared to the

voltage & current signals of the main generator &to the signals from the
load potentiometer, allow the excitation system to control the generator
output.

3. MISCELLANEOUS CARD: - It is the single card & carries

miscellaneous components that provide voltage divides for the wheel

sleep.

4. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION CARD: - Card in slot four is

called pulse width modulation card. It is the double card like oscillator
card. Left hand side card is for braking stabilization. The right hand
side card is for magnetic amplification & for exciter stabilization.

16
5. POWER TRANSITION CARD:- Card in fifth slot is called power

transition card. It contain power transistor which is connected in series

with exciter field when power transistor is turned off.

6. VOLTAGE CONTROL CARD:- Card in slot sixth is called voltage

control card. It is a double card. Left hand side card contains
component of regulating the level of main generator voltage limit in the
motoring & dynamic braking. Right hand side card contain saturable
reactor & components which determine braking grid current limit.

7. FUNCTION GENERATOR CARD: - Card in slot seven is called

function generator card. It is a also double card. Left hand side card
contain the electrical horse power limit circuit that provide a
relationship between main generator voltage & current in the DC
control winding of current measuring reactor ACCR. The function
generator card also provide circuit for reducing the electrical HP
demands to match diesel engine capability at lower engine seed as
determine by intermediate notches.

17
ENGINE CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-
306
The auxiliary panel is electronics component common to the entire card. The engine
Control panel contains devices which regulator, rectify & adjust a.c. speed signal from
an governor stabilization & speed circuit. An engine speed –sensing transformer
(ESST) Located in the left of ECP panel receives frequency signal of three-phase a.c.
Techogenerator. This saturating transformer has secondary windings connected to 3-
phase, full wave bridge rectifiers .The rectified out put of each secondary function
separately as follows.
Control the engine speed through engine Governor. Provides a
reference signal to control instantaneous Values of traction voltage & current feed
signal to function generator module to control the horsepower limits.
# Eleven capacitors are located in the panel n. A set of six CCI capacitors all
Connected in parallel is used as.

Fig2.Engine control panel

18
TRANSITION CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-307
Transistor control panel is used to initiate transition events, i.e. field
weakening & regrouping of function motors. It acts & a speed signal received
from axial generator through transition excitation transformer. The panel is steel
fabricated housing, which contains four plugs in card numbered As 207,210,a small
auxiliary panel & choke mounted on a frame. Three210 cards inserted are identical
except for the setting of potentiometer P1& P2 mounted on the card . Each Card
contains a transistor circuit to switch on a relay mounted on it & control one transistor
event. Card 207 contain a rectifier bridge circuit for conversion.

RATING:- Available in single double triple transition events.

TYPE:- 307, 307A, 307B
RANGE:- 1200- 3600 HP
APPLICATIONS:- control transition of power circuit of specified
speed of locomotive is associated of AXL generator & wheel speed
tramsformer.

19
 Fig3.transition control panel.

INVERSE VOLTAGE SUPPRESION PANEL TYPE 308

It consists of diode 7 capacitors connected in parallel. The whole

assembly is encapsulated in epoxy. The panel is connected across an
auxiliary generator which feeds various electronic control modules.

Ratings:-
Current: 12 Amps
Reverse voltage: 72 Volts

Type:- 308

Range:-
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotive

20
 Fig4. Inverse voltage suppression panel

Fig5.STABLISATION CONTROL PANEL

21
Braking Limit Voltage Divider:- It is a
frequency modulated device. It contains saturable core transformer
encapsulated in epoxy. The secondry voltage depends upon the
frequency of primary input signal, but is independent of the amplifier of
the input signal.

Ratings:-

Power rating: 60 watts

Resistance: 10k & 5K ohms

Type:- 323

Range:-

For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel

Electric locomotives

Fig6. BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER

22
Armature Current Control Reactor
Ratings
DC current: 4500 Amp

Type311

Range
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotives

Applications
Armature Current Control Reactor (ACCR) is an magnetic reactor used for
sensing of alternator/ Generator current

Fig7. Armature current control reactor

23
Stabilizing panel for AC-DC system

Ratings
Meets time delay and
Stabilization requirement of E type
Excitation controls of Loco.

Type309,309A

Range
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotives

Applications
Provides time delay and stabilisation in control circuit of excitation.

Fig8. Stabising panel

24
Reverse current diode panel
Ratings
DC current: 200 Amp
Blocking voltage: 72 volts

Type305

Range
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotives

Applications
Blocks discharge of battery into the Auxiliary Generator during failure of
charging circuit or/and not running of engine.

Fig9.reverse current diode panel

25
Field Control Panel

Ratings:
Power Rating: 4X250 watts
Suitability: For AG51,
AG2702, AG 3101

Type318, 318A, 318B, 318C,

318D, 318E, 318F

Range
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotives

Applications:
Current limit and Voltage biasing of exciter field

Fig10. Field control panel

26
Generator Voltage Divider Panel
Ratings:
Power : 4x 100 watts
Voltage: 1200 Volts

Type
319,319A,319B

Range
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotives

Applications:
Voltage sensing of Rectifier/generator output

Fig11. Generator voltage divider pane

27
Load Control Panel

Ratings
Power : 2x 140 watts
Suitable: GE & WW
Governors

Type
329,329A,329B

Range
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotives

Applications:
Provide biasing voltage for governor feedback potentiometer

Fig12. Load control panel

28
Load limit resistor
Ratings
Power : 3x 25 watts

Type
324A

Range
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotives

Applications:
Provides current limit wheel slip circuit

Fig13. Load limiter panel

29
30