NACA TR 460 The Characteristics of 78 Related Airfoil Sections From Tests in The Variable-Density Wind Tunnel

REPORT No.
460
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
78 RELATED AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS
IN THE VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL
By EASTMAN N. JACOBS, KENNETH E. WARD
and ROBERT M. PINKERTON
Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory
REPRINT OF REPORT No. 460, ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED NOVEMBER 1933
27077 0-36-1 1
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
NAVY BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D.C.
(An independent Government establishment, created by act of Congress approved March 3,1915, for the supervision and direction of theselentific
study of the problems of flight. Its membership was increased to 15 by act approved March 2, 1929 (Public, No. 908, 70th Congress). It eonsista
of members who are appointed by the President, all of whom serve se, such without compensation.)
JOSEPH S. AMEs, Ph.D., Chairman,

President, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
DAVID W. TAYLOR, D. Eng., Vice Chairman,
Washington, D.C.
CHARLES G. ABBOT, Sc.D.,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
LYMAN J. BRIGGS, Ph.D.,
Director, Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
ARTHUR B. COOK, Captain, United States Navy,
Assistant Chief, Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, Washington, D.C.
WILLIAM F. DURAND, Ph.D.,
Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, California.
BENJAMIN D. FOULOIS, Major General, United States Army,
Chief of Air Corps, War Department, Washington, D.C.
HARRY F. GUGGENHEIM, M.A.,
Port Washington, Long Island, New York.
ERNEST J. KING, Rear Admiral, United States Navy,
Chief, Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, Washington, D.C.
CHARLES A. LINDBERGH, LL.D.,
New York City.
WILLIAM P. MACCRACKEN, Jr., Ph.B.,
Washington, D.C.
CHARLES F. MARVIN, Sc.D.,
Chief, United States Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C.
HENRY C. PRATT, Brigadier General, United States Army.
Chief, Mat€riel Division, Air Corps, Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio.
EDWARD P. WARNER, M.S.,
Editor "Aviation," New York City.
ORVILLE WRIGHT, Sc.D.,
Dayton, Ohio.
GEORGE W. LEWIs, Director of Aeronautical Research.

JOHN F. VICTORY, Secretary.
HENRY J. E. REID, Engineer in Charge, Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, Langley Field, Va.
JOHN J. IDE, Technical Assistant in Europe, Paris, Franed.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
JOSEPH S. AMEs, Chairman.

DAVID W. TAYLOR, Vice Chairman.
CHARLES G. ABBOT. WILLIAM P. MACCRACKEN, Jr.
LYMAN J. BRIGGS. CHARLES F. MARVIN.
ARTHUR B. COOK. HENRY C. PRATT.
BENJAMIN D. Fo ULOIS. EDWARD P. WARNER.
ERNEST J. KING. ORVILLE WRIGHT.
CHARLES A. LINDBERGH.
JOHN F. VICTORY, Secretary.
E
REPORT No. 460
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 78 RELATED AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN THE

VARIABLE-DENSITY RIND TUNNEL
By EASTMAN N. JACOBS, KENNETH E. WARD, and ROBERT M. PINKERTON
REPRINT OF REPORT No. 460, ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED NOVEMBER 1939
SUMMARY ence 1) but, with the exception of the M-series and a

An investigation of a large group of related airfoils series of propeller sections, the airfoils have not been
was made in the N.A.C.A. variable-density wind tunnel systematically derived in such a way that the results
at a large value of the Reynolds Number. The tests were could be satisfactorily correlated.
made to provide data that may be directly employed for a The design of an efficient airplane entails the careful
rational choice of the most suitable airfoil section for a balancing of many conflicting requirements. This
given application. The variation of the aerodynamic statement is particularly true of the choice of the wing.
characteristics with variations in thickness and mean-line Without a knowledge of the variations of the aerody-
form were therefore systematically studied. namic characteristics of the airfoil sections with the
The related airfoil profiles for this investigation were variations of shape that affect the weight of the struc-
developed by combining certain profile thickness forms, ture, the designer cannot reach a satisfactory balance
obtained by varying the maximum thickness of a basic between the many conflicting requirements.
distribution, with certain mean lines, obtained by varying The purpose of the investigation reported herein was
the length and the position of the maximum mean-line to obtain the characteristics at a large value of the
ordinate. A number of values of these shape variables Reynolds Number of a wide variety of related airfoils.
were used to derive a family of airfoils. For the purposes The benefits of such a systematic investigation are
of this investigation the construction and tests were limited evident. The results will greatly facilitate the choice
to 68 airfoils of this family. In addition to these, several of the most satisfactory airfoil for a given application
supplementary airfoils have been, included in order to and should eliminate much routine airfoil testing.
study the effects of certain other changes in the form of the Finally, because the results may be correlated to
mean line and in the thickness distribution. indicate the trends of the aerodynamic characteristics
The results are presented in the standard ,graphic form with changes of shape, they may point the way to the
representing the airfoil characteristics for infinite aspect design of new shapes having better characteristics.
ratio and for aspect ratio 6. A table is also given by Airfoil profiles may be considered as made up of cer-
means of which the important characteristics of all the tain profile-thickness forms disposed about certain
airfoils may be conveniently compared. The variation of mean lines. The major shape variables then become
the aerodynamic characteristics with changes in shape is two, the thickness form and the mean-line form. The
shown by additional curves and tables. A comparison thickness form is of particular importance from a
is made, where possible, with thin-airfoil theory, a structural standpoint. On the other hand, the form of
summary of which is presented in an appendix. the mean line determines almost independently some
of the most important aerodynamic properties of the
INTRODUCTION airfoil section, e.g., the angle of zero lift and the
The forms of the airfoil sections that are in common pitching-moment characteristics.
use today are, directly or indirectly, the result of The related airfoil profiles for this investigation were
investigations made at Gottingen of a large number of derived by changing systematically these shape vari-
airfoils. Previously, airfoils such as the R.A.F. 15 ables. The symmetrical profiles were defined in terms
and the U.S.A. 27, developed from airfoil profiles of a basic thickness variation, symmetrical airfoils of
investigated in England, were widely used. All these varying thickness being obtained by the application
investigations, however, were made at low values of of factors to the basic ordinates. The cambered pro-
the Reynolds Number; therefore, the airfoils developed files were then developed by combining these thickness
may not be the optimum ones for full-scale application. forms with various mean lines. The mean lines were
More recently a number of airfoils have been tested in obtained by varying the camber and by varying the
the variable-density wind tunnel at values of the shape of the mean line to alter the position of the
Reynolds Number approaching those of flight (refer- maximum mean-line ordinate. The maximum ordinate
REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
of the mean line 2s referred to throughout this report as the If the chord is taken along the x axis from 0 to 1,
camber of the airfoil and the position of the maximum the ordinates y are given by an equation of the form
ordinate of the mean line as the position of the camber. f y = ad ^x + ax + a2 x2 + a3x' + a4x4
An airfoil, produced as described above, is designated by
a number of four digits: the first indicates the camber in The equation was adjusted to give the desired shape
percent of the chord; the second, the position of the camber by imposing the following conditions to determine the
in tenths of the chord from the leading edge; and the last constants:
two, the maximum thickness in percent of the chord.
Thus the N.A.C.A. 2315 airfoil has a maximum camber (1) Maximum ordinate 0.1 at 0.3 chord
of 2 percent of the chord at a position 0.3 of the chord x=0.3 y=0.1
from the leading edge, and a maximum thickness of 15 dy/dx = 0
percent of the chord; the N.A.C.A. 0012 airfoil is a (2) Ordinate at trailing edge
symmetrical airfoil having a maximum thickness of 12
percent of the chord. x=1 y=0.002
In addition to the systematic series of airfoils, (3) Trailing-edge angle
several supplementary airfoils have been included in
order to study the effects of a few changes in the form
x=1 dy/dx= —0.234
of the mean line and in the thickness distribution. (4) Nose shape
Preliminary results which have been published in-
X=0.1 y = 0.078
clude those for 12 symmetrical N.A.C.A. airfoils, the
00 series (reference 2) and other sections having differ- The following equation satisfying approximately the
ent nose shapes (reference 3); and those for 42 cam- above-mentioned conditions represents a profile having
bered airfoils, the 43 and 63 series (reference 4), the 45 a thickness of approximately 20 percent of the chord.
and 65 series (reference 5), the 44 and 64 series (refer- t y = 0.29690. 1/ — 0.12600x — 0.35160x 2 + 028430x3
ence 6), and the 24 series (reference 7). — 0.10150x4
./ - ^ôlo^° a - N. A. C. A. family
t_e
r
O ê
+ Clark Y
o Gdtt. 398
/0 ./; .2 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 /.O
0.12600 x -0.35160x' +0.28430 x' -0.10150x'
±v = 0.29690 Arx_-
Basic ordinates of N.A.C.A. family airfoils (percent of chord)
5.0 1
Ord____.I O 1 31 -
157 4.3581 5.9261 7.0001 10.8051 &9091 9.6031 9.002110.0031 49.0721 8.823107 .sod 1 7d u, 1 84.8721 92.4131 01.344 1 1 0. 210
L.E. radius, 4.40.

FIGURE I. Thickness variation
The tests were made in the variable-density wind This equation was taken to define the basic section.
tunnel of the National Advisory Committee for Aero- The basic profile and a table of ordinates are given in
nautics during the period from April 1931 to February figure 1. Points obtained by removing the camber
1932. from the Gottingen 398 and the Clark Y sections, and
DESCRIPTION OF AIRFOILS applying a factor to the ordinates of the resulting
Well-known airfoils of a certain class including the thickness curves to bring them to the same maximum
Gottingen 398 and the Clark Y, which have proved to thickness, are plotted on the above figure for com-
be efficient, are nearly alike when -their camber is parison. Sections having any desired maximum thick-
removed (mean line straightened) and they are reduced ness were obtained by multiplying the basic ordinates
to the same maximum thickness. A thickness variation by the proper factor; that is
similar to that of these airfoils was therefore chosen for
the development of the N.A.C.A. airfoils. An equation ±y,=6-t (0.29690.1/x-0.12600x-0.35160x2
defining the shape was used as a method of producing
fair profiles. +0,28430e-0.10150x')
CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL
where t is the maximum thickness. The leading-edge and

radius is found to be
a
yr=(1 p)2 [(1-2P)+2Px-el
=' .Iota
r` 2 0 20 ae) (aft of maximum ordinate)
When the mean lines of certain airfoils in common The method of combining the thickness forms with
use were reduced to the same maximum ordinate and the mean-line forms is best described by means of the
compared it was found that their shapes were quite diagram in figure 2. The line joining the extremities
different. It was observed, however, that the range of the mean line is chosen as the chord. Referring to
of shapes could be well covered by assuming some the diagram, the ordinate yt of the thickness form is
simple shape and varying the maximum ordinate and measured along the perpendicular to the mean line
its position along the chord. The mean line was, from a point on the mean line at the station along the
therefore, arbitrarily defined by two parabolic equa- chord corresponding to the value of x for which yt
tions of the form was'computed. The resulting upper and lower surface
yo= be+ b i x+ b2 X2 points are then designated: -
where the leading end of the mean line is at the origin Stations x„ and x,
and the trailing end is on the x axis at x=1. The Ordinates y„ and yt
values of the constants for both equations were then
expressed in terms of the above variables; namely, where the subscripts u and l refer to upper and lower
(1) Mean-line extremities surfaces, respectively. In addition to these symbols,
X=0 y^=0 the symbol 0 is employed to designate the angle be-
tween the tangent to the mean line and the x axis.
X=1 y'=0 This angle is given by
(2) Maximum ordinate of mean line
x=p (position of maximum ordinate) 6 = tan-1 dx
y Oa lxa. ya B=Ion-'
dx
./0- 9 yt
v Mean /ins
P1
Chord
p ^ x
Or /xt , yt/ x„ = x - y, sine Yu ' Y + yt cos B

-./O L Rodius fhrough end of chord xt = x + y, sin a yt = yt - yt cos e
/.00
Sample calculations for derivation of N.A.C.A. 6821
z v, ue tan a sin v aos a y, sin e y. cos a z, v. x, m
0 0 0 10.40000 0.37140 0.92840 0 0 ........................ 0 0

0.01250 0.03314 0.00489 .38333 .35793 .93375 0.01186 0.03094 0.00084 0.03683 0.01438 -0.02805
.3000 .10503 .06000 0 0 1 0 .10503 .30000. .16503 .30000 -.04503
.am .07988 .04898 -.07347 -.07327 .99731 -.00585 .07906 .80585 .12863 .59415 -.0307
1 .0221 0 -.17143 -.16897 .98662 -.0037 .00218 1.00037 .0218 .99963 -.0218
Slope of radius through and of chord.

FIGURE 2.-Method of calculating ordinates of N.A.C.A. cambered airfoils.
yo=m(maximum ordinate) The following formulas for calculating the ordinates

dye/dx = 0 may now be derived from the diagram:
xa =x-y, sin 6
The resulting equations defining the mean line then ya =y,+y, cos 0
became x l =x+y t sin 0
y t =yr -y, cos 0
Myr=
p2 I2Px - el Sample calculations are given in figure 2. The center
for the leading-edge radius is placed on the tangent to
(forward of maximum ordinate) the mean line at the leading edge.
REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
A family of related airfoils was derived in the manner models, which are made of duralumin, have a chord
described. Seven values of the maximum thickness, of 5 inches and a span of 30 inches. They were con-
0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, 0.21, and 0.25; four values structed from the computed ordinates by the method
of the camber, 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06; and six values described in reference 8.
of the position of the camber, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and Routine measurements of lift, drag, and pitching
0.7 were used to derive the related sections of this
moment about a point on the chord one quarter of the
family. The profiles of the airfoils derived are shown
collectively in figure 3. chord behind its forward end were made at a Reynolds
For the purposes of this investigation the construc-
Number of approximately 3,000,000 (tank pressure,
tion and tests were limited to 68 of the airfoils. Tables approximately 20 atmospheres). Groups of airfoils
of ordinates at the standard stations are given in the were first tested to study the variations with thickness,
figures presenting the aerodynamic characteristics. each group containing airfoils of different thicknesses
These ordinates were obtained graphically from the but having the same mean line. Finally, all airfoils
computed ordinates for all but the symmetrical sec- having a thickness of 12 percent of the chord were
06
^-----
2206 2306 2406 2,506 2606 2706
-G X09 2209 2309 2409 2509 2609 2709
001Z- '— 2212_ 2312 ^2412 2612 -^2712
O55 2215 X315 2615 -^
2318 2418 8 ' ^ 2618 2918

0-018
^_ C_^ 2218
L
C -^
^' _.^1 '^
-2421
-^
^ 4206 4306 4406 4506 4606 4706

0025
4209 4309 4409 4509 4609 4709
9212 4312 4412 4512 4612 4712
4215 4315 4415 4515 4615 4715
4218 4318 4418 4518 4618 4718
4221 4321 4421 4521 4621 9721
—
6206 6306 6406 6506 6606 6706
6209 6309 6409 6509 6609 6709

6212 6312 6412 6512 6612 6712
6218 6318 6418 6518 6618 ^-6718
6221 6321 6421 6521 6621 6721

F—E 3.—N.A.C.A. sWoll pmffiw.
tions. Two sets of trailing-edge ordinates are given. tested to study the variations with changes in the
Those inclosed by parentheses, which are given to mean line.
facilitate construction, represent ordinates to which RESULTS
the surfaces are faired. In the construction of the
The results are presented in the standard graphic
models the trailing edges were rounded off.
form (figs. 4 to 80) as coefficients corrected after the
Three groups of supplementary airfoils were also
constructed and tested. The derivation of these air-
method of reference 8 to give airfoil characteristics for
foils will be considered later with the discussion. infinite aspect ratio and aspect ratio 6. Where more
than one test has been used for the analysis, the infinite
APPARATUS AND, METHODS aspect ratio characteristics from the earlier test have
A description of the variable-density wind tunnel been indicated by additional points on the figure. Table
and the method of testing is given in reference 8. The I gives the important characteristics of all the.,airfoils.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL T
Lw0r.
/2
.947 U i 0 0
- /.307
/.777
yW-
y p /0
-241 O 20 40 60 80 100
-2.673
2.
-2.669
Per cent ofch-d •l0
y
.00/ .44 .09 36 v
-2.902 l
a 7
-2.282
,832
20 .40 G.OB 32
- /.3/2
- .724
,y
u
.4031 1.8 .36 u .07. 28 ^
0 .O
1 L6 .32 8.06 24 0
-0.40 V
28 0 L4 .26% 0.05 20 w
LD c. p. .v
24 0 /.2V .24 ^.04
v 16,
k K
N 20^ 40 20 °.03 12^
u CIE
0l 16 y C .8 8 .16 0 .02 8 ^^
l o O
o /2^ 60./2 .0/ 4,^
u
g0 .4^ .0B 0 0
0
0 4u .2 .04 -4 0
m
v
oQ 0 0 ^-.z -8 a
Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 0006 R.N.:.^21Q000
-4 W
.0
Sze: 5"x30" Ve%(0../sec.): 66.5 _' 2 .3 -/2
Pres.(sthd.. otm.):20.8 Dofe: l-4-32 Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 0006 : i
R.N-
Where felted.L.MA.L. Test.• U.D.T. 744 -.4 -.4 Date.-I-4-32 Test: V L
-9 0 Corrected for tunnel-wo ll effect. Corrected to infinite aspect ro -/6
0 4 8 1216 20 24 28 32 ..4 2 .4 .6 8 10 1.2 1.4

Angle of .,tack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient, C
F-- 4.-N.A.C.A. 0000.W.H.
sta. Op'r. C.'r. cu

U
O O 0 v a /0
125 1.420 -1. 961 U -C O
25 ,96/ -1.96/ U
5.0 666 -2666 4 0 -/0
7.5 3./50 -3.150
10 .5/2 -3.512 O 20 40 60 80
15 4.009 -4.009 Per cent ofchord
20 4.303 -4.303 h
25 4.456 -4.456
304.50/ -4.501 36 w
D
40 352 4.352
503. -' -3.97/
.44 .09
l
60 3.423 -3423
70 2.746 2.746 20 .40 ^'.. 08 32 ag
SU 60 /.967 -/.967 N
901. 066-1.066 1.8 .36 .g,.07 ea
100!095) (A 5J
/00 0 0 1.6 .32 0.06 24
41
L.E. Rod.: 0.69 e U l
20 w
28 1 C 1.4 .28- 0.05
1? c. p.
/6 p
2421 1.2
G
.24 v.04
^
v
q 2004/ LD
/.0 8.208 Q.03 /2
u
o /6D 6i .88.160 .02 8'^
t ^ 80 0 k
a /2^Bi . 6 .12 .0/ 4^
w
8 0 /0, 11 vi I
•4`1 .08, 0 Op
° 4u C .2 .04 -4 0
.o
04 Airfoil: N.A.CA. 0009 R.N.:3,2/0,000

0 0 y -.2 "a ec
c Size: 5-x30" Ve/.(Alsec.):68.5 °u
-4 F Pres.(stnd.otm.):20.8 bbafe: /-6-32 -.2 ^ -.3 Airfoil.• N.A. C. A. 0009 R. N.: 32/0,000
Where tesled:L.M.A.L. Test:VOT 746 -.4 0 -.4 Dote. /-6-32 Test: V.D.T. 746
-8 u Corrected for tunnel-wall effect. Corrected to inf)iVM aspect ratio
-6 -4 0 4 6 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 10 /.2 14
Angle of oftack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient. Cl
Fla". 6.-N.A.C.A. 0000 MIMI.
8 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAIITICS
20
Sla Up'r.
./2
0 0 0 v o /o
/.25 /.8.94-1.894 ut O
555 -2615
5.03.26/5
2.5
-3555 o
7.5 4.200 -4.200
/0 4.683 -4.683 O 20 40 60 60 00
/55.345 -5345
20 5738 -5.738 Per centofchord ./0-
25 5.941 -5.941
306.002 -6.002 .44 .09
40 5.603 -5603
50 5.294 -5294
604.563-4. 2.0 .40 -08
O 70 3664 -3.664563
t 80 2623 -2623 N
901.445- 1.446
'w 95 .807 - .607 /.8 .36 x.07
%00 (. ^) (-. p 6)
a 1.6 .32 0.06
v
L. E. Rod.: 1.58 C
C1 U
26 0 0 /.4 .281 0.05
,m V
24 0 20 e.p. v.04
v ^=
-0 40 L/ 1.01.208 .03
p /660 A .16 02
o O
12 80 ..6'.12 .0/
9 -/00 .4'.08 0
i
° 4uu
o
.2 .04
0Q 0 0
c Airfoil: N.A. C.A. 0012 R.N:3,230,000 u .2
u
-4 4 Size: SWO" V.I.(k/sec.f: 68.4 -.2 -.3
+^
Pres. (sfnd. otm.):207 Date. , 12-30-31
Where tested.• L.M.A.L. Test., V.D.T. 743
-8 u Corrected for funnel-wol/ effect.
-.4 -.4
-8. -4 0 4 8 /2 16 20 24 26 32 ` -4 .4 .6 8 1.0 /.2 1.4
Angle of oftoch, o: (degrees) Lift coefficient. C.
FI°URE 0.-N.A.C.A. 0012 Oit 0.
Slo Up'r. L'w'r a 20

0 0 0 UNlp 0
/0 ./2
[252.367 -2367 0
2.53.268 -3268
5.0 4.443 -4.443 11
7.5 5.250 -5.250
/05853 -5653 0 20 40 60 80 00
/5 6.68/
207./72
-6.681 Per cent ofchord 10
-7./72
7.
25 7.42 - 7.427
30 50 -7.502 .44 .09
40 7.254
U 50 6.618
-7.254
-6.618 $
0
60 5.704
70 4.S80
-5.704
-4.580 20 .40 r 08
BO 3.279 -3279 C
U 90 /.8/0 -/.8/0 v
ò 9 /.006 -/.008 /.B .36 `.07
l00 (./SB) (-. 1561 V
/ O 0
L. E. ROd.: 248 C
1.6 .32 0.06
0 u
280 0 1.4 .26- 0.05
24 0 20
c. . 42
.v
.24•^
wy.04
w V
g20 40
L / ,.0 208 .113
0 /6 60 .8 w .16 0 .02
l ^ o a
a /2 80 .6 u .12 .0/
v
8,0100 .4 v .08 .0
0 4v t
.g u
.2 .04 j-./
l
O v
0 y -.2
C Airfoih
.A. 0015 R.N.:3,200,000 u
-4 0. Ve/.(ft./sec.): 68.4 -.2 3
fm):2/.O Dote:/2-9-31
.• LMAL. Test: VD.T. 728 -,4
-8 u
For tunnel-wall effect 0-.4
-6 -4 0 4 6 12 16 20 24 28 32 4
Angle of ot/oc/r, of (degrees) Lift coefficient C
Flo- 7.-N.A.C.A. 0015 etrlall.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE -DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 9

20
>a Up'r. L'w' c U /O 48
/2
10 264/ -2.841 ^c O
Z53.9,11", 2 -.?.922 v ^ _/0 44.
SO 5.332 -5.332 Co
to 6.300 -6.300 0 40 60 BO /0
/0 7,024 -7.024 40
20 6.0/8-_6.0/6 Per cent ofchord
20 66 6.606
2569/ -6.9/2
1
30 9.003 -9.003 44 .09 360)
40 6. 041 -6.705 l
507.84/ -7.94/
60 6845-6.845 2.0 .40
G 08 32
70 5436 -5.496
0 60 3935 -3935 C
90Z/ 72 -2.172
95 1.210 -/.2/ /.8 .36 x.07 28 ti
0 (./089) (-.0 9) ,O
z a AX
46 .32 0.06 24 p
v L.E,Had: 3.56 C
1 U l
26 0 1.4 .28c 0.05 20
0 u
c. p.
24 L. 20 /.21.24 x.04 /6 p
a M
y20x40 L/D
/.Oy.20^4.03 /2 ig
U a
o /6A 60 .8.160 .02 8 l
l k
01280 .6 u .12^ .0/ 4^
q-
8 0100 .4 -4 .08 0 Op
0 4m .2 .04 -4 0
.o l C, v
0Q 0 0 -.2 -8"'
Airfoil:N.A.CA.00/8 R.N.:,1150.000 3
-,1'Cry Size: S"x30" Ue(.(H./sec.): 68.8
Pres.(stnd. atm.): 20.9 Date: 1-6-32 Airfoil: N.A.C,A. 00/8
u Where tesfed:L.M.A.L. Test.• VD.T, 747 Dote: / - 6 -32
-8 -.4 0-.4k
Corrected for funnel-wolf effect. Corrected to infinite a4
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 2 .4 .6 .8 /.0
AnO/e of oitock, a (degrees) cient.0

Lift coeffi
Fionaa 8 .-N.A.C.A. 0018 airfofl.
St. up'r. L'wr. C C /O
l 0 33/4 -3.3/4 u s° 0
25 4.57 -4.576 k _/0
506.22/ -6.22/ y o
7.5 7.350 -7.350 0 t0
l0 6./95 -6./°5 20. 40 b'0 80
/59.354-9.354 Per centofcho rd
20 to 1 -/0.04/
25 397 -/0397
30 5 -/0.503 .44
40/0/5 -/0/55 -
50 9.26 -9.265
lO 60 7.966 -7.986
80410
70 6.4/2 -6.9/2 R. .40
-4590
u0 90 2533 -2.533
95 /.4/2-/.4/2 /.8 .36
O 1011(.221,1-.2211
ac / 0 O
L. n Had.: 4.65
/.6 .32
N
C 1
2B 0 0 14 .28c
c.p. .v
1.21.24 1
24 a 20
k v tE
V20 0 40 L/D
/.0y.20°u
u
/6t 60 s .l6 0
l o O
/2480 .60
t: ./2
60(00 .4-'.08
0 .2 ,04
.o
4u a
l
C Q 0 0
Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 0021 R.N, 3,190.000
C
Size: 5-"x30" t/ei.(H./sec.): 68.6 -2
Pres.(stnd.atm.):20.8 Date:1-7-32
Where tested'L.M.A.L. Test: VD.T. 748
-8 u Corrected for tunnel-wall effect. -.4
-8 -4 0 4 6 /2 16. 20 24 26 32
Angle of attack, of (degrees) Lift coefficient,
FM 9.-N.A.C.A. 0021 al/3olL
27077 0-35--2
io REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
Up'r. L'wi: z D /0
V1R
d
2S 5^7 -5497
5.0 7.406 - 7.406 C o-/0
7S 6.750 -6.750 O
/0 9.756-9.756 20 40 60 BO /L
/5//./36-/1./36
20//.953-/1.953 Per centofchord
25/2.378 -/2.378
30 2504 -/2 504 .44
40 2.09 -209
50/1.029-/1.029
l 60 9.507-9.507 2.0 .40
O 70 7.633-7.633
t 80 5.465 -5465
U 90 30/6 -30/6
1.680- /.68 1.8 .36
O 100 (.262) f-.262
U 0 0 0
c LC. Rod.: 6.86 1.6 .32
v
G°
28 1 /.4 .281
3
0
c. p. 1 IC. r
24 0 21 r-'
11
L 2,j. 24
k v
q2004( 1.0 ,y .20
16 61 A.16
v./6^
0 0
0 /281 .6 u./2
B o /Of .4 08
ti0 4 m
C
.2 .04
.o u
l
R 04 Airfoil: MA.CA. 0025 R.N.:3,230,000
0 0
.0
Size: 5"x30 •• Ve/(fl/sec.): 68.3 -.2
4 0.
Pres. (sfnd ofm.J. • 20.9 Date: 1-8-32
V Where tested L.MA.L. Test: VD.T. 749
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wall effect -.4
8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
An of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient,
1'..30.-N.A.O.A. 0026 airfoil.
5/a. Up'r. LWr. D 20
0 - O y o !0 2 48
252.44 -/.46 V t 0
25 3.35 -/.96 l
5.0 4.62 -235 R
p -/0 ll 44
7.5 5.55-2
/O 6.27 -3/9
/57.25 O 20 40 60 60 11.
-3.44
20 774 -3.74
Per centofchord ./0 40
25 793 -3.94
30 7.97 -4.03
40 7.66 -392 44 .09 36
a 50 7.02 -3.56'
60 6.07 -3.05
70 4.90 -2.43 2.0 .40
g 60 352 -1.74
90 /.93 - .97 d
.08 32
O 95 1.05 - .ss /.8 .36 .07 28

(./3) (-613) D
a 00
1.6 .32
W
L.E. Rad: 1.56
-d-0
5tope of U0 .06 24
28
0
0 1.4 .28 0x .05 20
w ^
24 ,3b 20 L/ c.p 2j .24 v .04 16
v
020040 101 20 ^ o .03 /2
l
p /6^ 60 B ` .16 0 .02 8'
l l O O
0 12 80 6u./2 4
8'-/00 4".08 0 p
k c a
0 4v
o u.
C .2 .04
l
R 0Q 0 0 w _.2 -8
Aif.il.-N.A.C.A. 2212 R.N:3,220,000 0
_4 c0. Size: 5"k30" V IMIsec.):68.4 -.2 .3 12
P e5.(5ti7dolm.):208 Dote:12-2-31
u Where tested:L.MA.L. Test.-VDT 719
`c Airfoil.-NA.CA. 2212 R.N:3,220,000
-8
j Corrected for tunnel-watt effect
_4
0 -. 4 -- Dofe:/2-2-3/ Test: VD.T. 7/9 -lB
Corrected to infinite ospecfrot/o
-8 -4 0 4 6 /2 16 20 24 28 32 .4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 /.2 /.4 t.6 18
Angle of ottack, a (degrees) Lift coeff/cient,C
FIGME 11.-N.A.C.A. 2212 airfoll.
5^ up'r. L'^ r. D /0 2 48
Z25 1.16 - .73 ° g 0
25 /.70 -.95 ly
5.0 2.43 -/./5 ^ 0-/0 / 44
7.5 30/ -/.22 0 20 40 60 80 /0
/0 3.46 -1.22 1
/0 40
/5 4.18 -/./6 Per centofchord
20 4.65 -1.09
25 4,91 -1.04
30 S.00 -1.00 .44 .09 360
404.86-.94 l
50 4.49 - .8/ V
s0 3.92 - .65 2.0 .40 .06 32 D
0 70 3.19 - .48
60 230 - .33 v
U 90 /.26-.19 /.8 .36 .9 .07--28 b
95 66 - .13
0 l00 (.06) (-.06) O
/00 - 0 24 0
c .O6
C.E. Rod.:0.40 /.6 .32
C3
0
Slope afrod'us
28 lhraugh end of 1.4 .28 P .OS 00,
0 0 chord: 2115
N O N
3
24 a 20 C. . /, 2 ti .24 .04 /6 0
m '^
A20`40 LD C /O.w.20$ 03 z
w
g /6 u 60 eo./sa .02-a 118 0
u /2
u 60 .6^./2
v
.0/<
U
8'-/0 0 .4 .^ .08 0 0^
Y
O
° 4v .2 .04 V` -4 0
Ca v
0 v 1 0 0 v
.c Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 2306 R.N.:3,080,000 0
Size; 5"X30" Vel(ft./ser,4:69.8 -.2
-4 0. Pres.(sfnd.otmJ206 Dofe:3-24-31 c .3 Airfoi/. N.A.CA. 2306 R.N.:3080,'00 -/2
-8 u Where 1-1.1. L,M.A,I, Test: l<D.T. 660 _ q 9ote:9-24-31 Test:. V. D. T. 680 _/6
-4
-6 -4 0
Corrected for tunnel-wall effect -.4
4 6 12 16 20 24 28 32
F
Corrected to infinite aspect ^-otio
-4 .2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 10 /.2 1,4 /.6 18
An of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient.0
FIGURE 12.-N.A.C.A. 23N airfoil.
^r.
St. up'r, L'
m^ l0
I25 1.69 -1.16 U t 0
2.5 2.39 -/.56 y _/0
5.0 336 -2.0/ C
7.5 4. 9 -224
to a. 7 -2.36
15 5.54 -250
0 20 40 60. 80 /0 7
20 6.06 -2.52 Per centofchord
25 6.37 -251
30 6.50 -250 .44
40 632 -2.39
50 5.62 -2.13
60 5.07 -1.76 R. .40
O 70 4./1 -1.36
80 2.96 - ,97
U 90 /.64 - .54
0O 95 .66 - .33 /.8 .36
100 (./01 /-./O)
ac loo - 0
C 1.6 .32
L.E.ROd.:0.69
W
oJrod'us V
280 0 5""'
Through end of
chord: 2175 /.4 .261
.v
24 0 20 c. .
w
1
'20 Q 40 L/D 1.0 y.20
u
$1660 8w
./6o
0 0
F12880 .6,"./2
Bolo 0 1 .4 ^ .08
o qm .2 .04
o U
0^ 0 0
.0 Airfoil: N,A.OA. 2309 R.N.:2,970,000
-q 0. Size: 5'x30" l/e%(R/sec.J: 71,0
Ires.(st7d atm.J:203 Dote:9-24-3/ -.2
-8
Where tested.•L.M.A.L. Test. l!O.T.68/ -.4
Corrected for tunne%wa//effect
-8 -4 0 4 8 /216 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, a (degrees)
Pim. 13,-N.A.C.A. 2909 airfoil.
12 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
,
St.. up ,.
20
L'w'r.
0 - 0 wo /o ./2
/.25 2.24 -1.57
2.5 3.//
50 4.3/
-2/6
-285 y
m k _/^ o• x Test A
7.5 5./B -326
10 5.86 -352 0 20 40 60 80 /L 7
/5 6.89 -3.82 Per cent ofchord
20 ].54 -3.94
25 7.88 -3.99
30 B.00
40 ].77 -3.64 .44 .09 36 v
50 7.14 -3.45 l
60 6.21 -z.92
0 70
80
5.02
3.62 -231
-/.63
2.0 .40 .V^-.OB 32
U 90 200 - .9/
0
95 1.09 5Z /.8 .36 ^.07 28 i
/00 / i3 / 0 3 C O
L L. Rod.: 1.58 L6 .32 0.06 24
Slope ofrod'us VQ U l
28 0 0 /harddh2%/dr of 1.4 .26" : ^.05 20
.d
24 0 20 LID l2V .24 v.04 /6 p
k
Q 20 Q 40 40 .20 1)^.03 12
° C
p 16, 60 .8 w .16 0 .02
0 0
l2 g 80 .6^ .12 .0/
u
6,0/00 .4'4 .08 0 Ox
°
4u a
.2 .04 G 4 0
w
0Q O 0 k -.2
Airfoil: N.A.CA.2312 R.N.:,1120,000
-4 0.C
u e
Size: S"x30" Ve%(N./sec.): 69.2
Pres.(sf'nd.otm.):20.9 ofe:12-2-31 Airfoil: N.AC,A.N.:
23/2 R.
Where tested.' L.MA.L. Test.• V.D.T. 720 Dote: 12-2 3l Test:
-B Corrected for tunnet-wall effect -.4 Q -.4 Corrected to infinite aspect
' -8 -4 4 8 /2 /6 20 24 28 32 -4 O .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 /.2
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift co efficient,
F-B 19.-N.A.C.A. 2312.W.R.
20
Sla. Up'r. Lw^.
o - 6- Uv ,^.
o /o 2
/.25 200 -1.,96 0 48
2.5 3B5 -2.74 lU
50 5.26 -3.66
7.5 6.28 -4.25
/ 0 7.06 -4.66 O 40 60 60 10 n
/5 8.25 -5.13
20 8.97 -538
e
P r cent ofchord
6 25 9.3 -5.48
30 9.50 -5.50
40 9.22 -5.29 44 .09 36 v
O 50 7.47 -4.77
l
60 7.36 -4.06
70 5.95 -3.22 2.0 .40 G .OB 32,
60 4.29 -228
90 1.36 -/.26
C LL EE
/.8 .36u.07 28
O
U
v
95 L30 ( .72
/00 /.161 (-./6)
/00 - O
L.E. Rod.: 2.47
5/ape afrodiu5
allC i6
1.6 .32 p,06
t
V u
2B 0 cho(dh^sot 1.4 .28-^ p.OS
.v. a
24 k0 20 c. 42V.24 •^ v.04 /6 0
w
' 20o40 /.0U .20 u ".03 v
l L/D c /2 c
p /6
D6O .8./60 .02 8e
D o 0 0 0
°/2 60 .6 u ./2 .0/
u
8 0 /00 .4^ .08 0
0 4v 0
o u C .2 .04 Ok -. / 40
k W
0 4 Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 23/5 R.N.:3,06C108Ci
O 0 w -.2
0
•8 ^`
Size: 5"x30" Ve1.(fl,/sec.): 69.8 U e
-4 Pres.(s%'d.oim): 2Q8 Date: 9-25-31
V Where tested.• L.M.A.L. Test: Vb. T. 683 _ Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 2315
-8 Corrected for tunne/-wo// effect .4 _.4 Dote: 3-25-31
'gCorrected to infinite os
-8 -4 0 4 6 /2 /6 20 24 28 32 .4 :2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 40
Angle of allock. a (degrees) Lift coefficient, C
F1omz 16.-N.A.O.A, 2315 Wdoll.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 13
Sto. upr: C w1r. 10

0 - 0
-B,
1.25 /.// -0.60 t 0
Z. /.57 -/.04 4a-
5.0 2.28 -1.29 p /0
10 324 - 45 0 20 40 60 80 / 00
-1.44
15 3.90 Per cent ofchord
20 4.37
-1.37
25 4.69
-1.25
30 4.86
- /.12
- .90 44 .09
N
01
404.90
50 4.60
- .70 If
- .49
604.08
2.0 .40 06
U
° 70 3.33
80 2.44 - 20 v
U 90 1.35 - .1 / /.8 .36 x.07
0 1061 (-.061
10 l.6 .32 0.06
0.40
N 51ope ofnvdi,5 C1 U
2B p 0 through end of
chord: 2120
1.4 .26c th 20 v
24 20 I I
1.2,j.24.04 /6 p
v
y -0Q40 LID C /.O,n .2011 12.03 /2
u
/6D 60 .8 m .16 0 .02
0 0 v
Q12-co 80 .6.".12 .0/ 4u
8'.100 .4'.08 0 0
^. c s
° 48, .2 .04 C-./ -4 0
v
0Q O 0 y -.2 -8
C Airfoil: N.A.CA. 2406 R.N.:3, 120,000 0
u
-4 0. Size: 5"x30" 3e/.(ft./sec.): 69.3 .2 _3r
Pres. (sfnd. otm):20.7 Dote: 9-8 - 3/
Where tesled.• L.M.A.L. Test. V.D.T. 665
'B U Corrected for tunnel-woll effect -.4-.4 ,.rreC.A.
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 c4 c2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 /.2 /.4
Angle of ottock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient.
FIGURE 16.-N.A.C.A. 2908 MEN].
5^. Up'r. LW -,'b l0

48
1.25 /.62 -123 Ug O
2.5 227 -166
5.0 3.20 -2./5
7.5' 3.87 -2.44 Y v -/0 44
/O 4.43 -2.60 O 20 40 60 60 /G 7
15 525 -2.77 Per cent ofchord 40
25 6./8 -2.74
RC 5.81 -2.79
40 6.38 -2.62
30 US
S. -2.35 44 .09
50
605. -2.02
O
. 22 -/.63
704 27 -124 2.0 .40 x.08
i BO 3.10 - .85 C
90 1.72 - ,47 /8 .36 x.07
O
95 .94 - ,2B
/00 (./0) (-./0)
too - o
c0 G.E. Rod: 0.89 L6 .320.06
^q U
28 p 0 Ih103gh
/ end of C
chord: 2/20 1,4 .28 0.05
3
N ^
k
24 0 20 c. . L2,j.24M \.04 166
v
0 20 0 40 L L0.20 ,03-- /2 c
w
/6a 60 .8 W .16 .02
0 0
/2g 80 .6" .12 .0/ 4s
U
8'.100 .4".08 0
'• C 0
° 4u a
.2 .04 OE-./ -4 0
0
0 0 m -. 2 .6 P
04 Airfoil., NA.C.A. 2409 R.N.:3,1 /0,000
C °u Q
-4'4 Size. 5"x30" Ve).(ft./sec): 69.3
Pres.(sfnd.otm.):20.8 Dofe.3-9-31 110,000
U Where tesfed:L.MA.L. Test.-VDT. 666 v
9-3/ D.T. 666
-B Corrected for tunnel-wall effect -.4 0 -.4
-6 -4 0 4 8 /2 /6 20 0
24 28 32 -4 :2 .4 .6 .8 /.0
Angle of ottock, a (degrees) Lift coeff/cient,C
FIGURE 17, -N.A.C.A. 2109 Wrtoil.

So. w,
!25 2.15 -465 V s° 0
2.5 4.13
299 -227 vk-/O
50 -3.01 p
7.5 4.96 -346
10 5.63 -3.75 0 20 40 60 80 /6 /
20 7.26 -423
25 7.67 -4.22
30 7.68 -4./2 .44 .09 36 ^
a 40 7.60. -3.60
50 724 -3.34
60 6.36 -2.76
70 5.18 -2.14 2.0 .40 U .08 32
60 3.75 -/.50 d
90 2.06 - .82 48 .36 x.07 26 2f
95 1.14 - .46
gi
31
- 0 0
'
L.E.Rad.: 450 /.6 .32 o.06 24 0
v Slope ofradius V U l
Yh -d.- end of
28 p 0 chord: 1.4 .28- 0.05 ?0 w
2/20
•-
24 a 20 /.2V.24^ v.04 16 8-
k v^
V201 40 /.Ov.20 12.03 /2c
u k
0 /6t 60 .8 u .16 .02 L
l l o O k
o /2.2 80 .60 .12 .0/ 4 ^.
8 0 /00 .4 v .08 0 OL
°
k
° 4u C
.2 .04 V`-.l -4 0
.o
0 0 k
v -.2
C 04 Airfoi/: N.A.C.A 2412 R.N.:.250,000 e
.c Size: 5"x30" Ve/. (ft./sec.): 66.0 U
Pres.(stnd.otm.): 2/.0 Dote:/2-3-31 .2
_4 0.
•3 Airfoil:N.A.C.A
-6 U
Where tested.• &A.L. Test: V.O.T. 721 -4
Corrected for funnel-wall effect
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
0-4
-4 -2 0
Date: 12-3-31
Corrected to
. .2 .4 `6
jeTest: V. 721 16
.sct ratio
10 /.2 1.4 16 /.8
Angle of ottock. a (degrees) Lift cot ^t. C
.
F-E 16.-N.A C.A. 2412 aic[oll.
S70o. Up'n GOY: ^^ ^0

46
Z25 2.71 -206 u t 0
25 3.7/ -286 y kp _/0 ./I 44.
5.0 5.07' -3.84
7.5 6.06 -4.47
10 6.83 -490 O 20 40 60 80 /L
15 7.97 -542 Per centofchord 40
20 8.70 -5.66
25 9.17 -5.70 N
30 9.38 -5.62 44 .09 36 N
40 9.2S -5.25 l
50 6.57 -4.67 G
60 7.50 -3.90 2.0 .40 .08 32
70 6.10 -305
I
5 80 4.41 -2./5
90 2.45 - 417
95 1.34 - .66
100 (.16) (-.161
too - o
v
48 .36 x.07 28 tl
L.E.Rod.. 2.48 C
1.6 .32, o.06
v 5/ope ofradius ^q V
28 0 l p h rdh2%20 f
1.4 .28-, 0.05
24 0 20 c. . /6 0
k v
C 20' 40 LD QUO) /2
g /s .8 v .16 0 .OR--
F 60 o a
o /2 8 0 .6 0 .12 .0/ 4^
k u
80/0 0 .4 ^ .08 0 0^
°
0 4y .2 .04 j-/ -4o
o u m
R 04 0 0 v -.2
c Airfoil: NA.CA. 2415 R.N.:3,060,000 °u e
_4 0. Size: 5"x30" Ve/(fL/sec.):698
Pres. (stud. otm.):20.8 Dote:9-10-31 -.2 c -.3
Where tested'L.M.A.L. Test: VD.T.668 -.4 0-4-- 9-10-31
-8 u Corrected for tunnel-wolleffect. cted to
-6 -4 0 4 6 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 -2 0 4 .6
Angle of ottock, a (degrees) Lift co
.
Fmv .18.-N.A C.A. 2415 airfoil.
Si.. up'r. GWr /0 48

-2.45 ul U
L25
2.5
-3.44
3.28
4.45
r0
50
-4.68 6.03 0-/O 44
7.5
-5.48 7./7
/0
-6.038.05 0 20 40 60 80 /L 7
-6.74
/5 9.34 Per centofchord 40
20/0./5 -7.09
2510.65 -7/8
3010.68 -7./2 .44 .09 36 m
40/0.71 -6.7/
D 50 9.69 -599 l
60 8.65 -5.04 2.0 .40 x'•.08 32 a
O 70 7.02 -3.97
BO SOB -280
90 28/ -L53 W
4'. 95 /.55 - .67 /.8 .36 x.07 28 tf
/00 /./9) (-./9)
/00 - O .o
v L. E. Rod: 356 L6 .32 0.06 24 0
ofrad'us 0 l
28 m ,
5"p,
0 chord: 2/20a t
' end
1.4 .28`c 0.05
G U
20 u
0 v
4
24 0 20 a.P. /.2V .24kw^ m.04 /6 0
k v
20 40 40v.208 L..03 /z c.
N ^ u k
L/D
0 6D60 .8v.16^1 .02-- 8.
0 0 -
a 1280 .6./2 .0/ 4su
k
8'.100 .4 08 0 0^
ò
04 n .2 .04 Of-./ '4 0
v
0 Cv 0 0 w -.2 _8 rn
c Airfoil. NA.C.A. 2418 R.N.:3,060,000 0
-4 0. Size: 5'x30" Ve/(f1/sec): 69.8 -.2 -.3
u Pres. (sfnd .1-):20.8 Date: 9-11-3/ %C KA.0 A. 2418
Where tested.-L.MA.L Test: VDT. 669 V
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wall effect. -.4 0 -.4 9-11-31
clad to inhi,it
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32 -4 .4 .6 .8
Angle of .Hock. a (degrees) Lift coeff/cie/ C
n-RE 20.-N.A.C.A. 2418 airfoil.
sto. UP r. L'wr. Uc
0 - 0 y o /0
/.25 3.87 -2.82 U r 0
2.5 S2/ -4.02
5.0 7.00 -SS/ 4 a -/0
7.5 8.29 -6.48
/0 9.28 -7./8 0 20 40 60 80 /0
151 -6
05
20 //.59 -6,52
Per cent ofchord
3012
25 /2/5 -8.67
40
.36 -8.62 .44 v
U 50 -7.31
l 60 9.79
70
19 -6.17
4 -0.67 2.0 .40 Q.
tU 80 74 1304 a
90 3.18 -1.66
0 /00(.
as /.76 -1,06 LB .36 ri
a
22)
/00 - (-.22) 0 0
L.E.Rad, 4.85 /.6 .32 0l
v 5/ape trod,, a Ci
28 ° 0 thro-1gh end of
chord: 2120 /.4 .28
3 de
v 0
24 ,0 20 c.P. L 2V.24 h
0
v
q20 0 40 /D
LO,v .2000
o /sa so
U
.6x.160
.cv
0 0 k
o 12 yu° 80 .6'- ./2
8,0100 .4.08
° 4u .2 .04 0
v
C 04 0 0
Airfoil.-NA.CA.242/ R.N.:3,000000
c
Size. 5"x30" VeL (ft./sec.): 70.5
-4 0.
ti Pres. (sthd.Ol 7.) 0.6 Oate:9-//-3/ -.2
Where tested. 4.MA.L. Test: VDT. 670
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wa/l effect. -.4
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, Of (degrees) Lift coefficient,C
FIOOEE 21. - N.A.C.A. 2421 airfoil.

.44
U
0 .40
t
u
0 .36
0
ac .32
v G
28 0 .28-,
3 v
24 v .24.0
k hW
q 20F v.20^
.0 b,
0 /6
v./6o
0 0
o /2 U.12
v 80 08
.o 4u .04
OQ 0
C
-4 0.
u
-6
An of allock, a (degrees)
FIGURE 22.-N.A.C.A. 2608 airfoil.
5/0. Up'r. L'w'r.

0 0 Np
/O •/2
25 1.57-1.27 ^$ D
2.5 Z2
5.0 224
3.75 -2.56
7.5 3-'0
/0 W. 2B -2.76 O 20 40 60 80 /00 . /D
/5 SOS 2.9e Pera- ofrhord
20 5.60-3. 02 __
25 5.96 -2.97 H
30 5/B -2.84 44 .09 36
40 6.27 -2A4
50 597 -/.97
60
70
5.35
4.44
-/.50
-/.06 2.0 .40 t'..OB ° 32
80 326 - .67 C
90
95
.36
.99 - .22 /.B .36 3.07 28
O 100(.10) (-./O)
/00 - o /.6 .32 x.06 24:
p
v G. E. Rod.: 0.69
S/ope ofredius
dfi throh
0 chord:ug
2/25
e ndof G$.
/.4 .28 .05 got
o
24 20 /.2V.24u v.04 /60
Q0 c
Q 20040 /.Ov.20, x.03 /2
0 /6^- 60
u ^
.8,) ./60 .02 Y. 8'^
. 2 l2 80 .6 U .12^ .0/ 4U
9 o /00 .4 v .08 0 0j
°
° 4u 0 .2 .04 Vr -. / C"°/' -4 0
v
0Q Airfoil:N.A.C.A.2509 R.N.:,R060,000 e
.c 3e%(ft./sec.J: 69.8 3 _3
.2 Airfoil:NA.CA. 2509 R.N.3.060,000 -/2
-4 Size: S"x30"
4 Tres. (sfnd. otm.J: 20.7 Dote: 9-1
30"
u teSMCd L.M.A. L. Test: U.D. T. 673 -.4 E _' 4 Dote: 9-/531 Test: l!O.T. 673 _16
-B Corrected for funnel-wa//effect Corrected to infinite aspect ratio
-6 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 26 32 c4 c2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 /.2
Angle of oHOCk, a (degrees) Lift coeff/cient,C
3.59 io
-/0 o v q 674 44
^ll.1LIJ_LJJ_J-L11J ./ /
ssz 0 20 40 60 80 /00
430 Per cent ofchorr( . l0 40
4.43
4.44
36 v
y
%so .44 .03
3.29
zs3
/.97 2.0 .40 • .OB
oa
32 $iU
r 33
:42 1.8 .36 6.07 28 2(
0 /31 k p
a C
1.6 .32 8 .06 24 0
e
a, fins
A
Ci l
26p 0 of 1,4 .26^ 0.05 20
24 R20 LID 1.2V.241 m•04 160
k c. 0 v
q20a 40 LO x.200 Q.0.3
a
a, 12c
1 u
l6 60 .0.160
Q) .02 I 8lo
o O
0 /2 86 .6X ./2 .01
u
8 0 /OO .4'.08 0 00
^- c
° 48 D .2 .04 0^H. -4 0
v
Op 0 0 .2 8 eU
C Airfoil: N.A.C.A.25 /2 R.N.:3,080,000 O
-4 0. Size: 5"x30" VeG/flfsec.:69.4 _ _ _/2
Pres.(sfnd.ofm):21.0 Dote: /2-3-3/ ' 2 v "? Airfoil: N.A.CA. 2512 R.N:3080,000
Where tested: L.htA.L. Te5t. , VD.T. 722 Date: /2-3-3/ Test: V. D. T. 722 -16
-8 u Corrected for funnel-woll effect. -• 4 0 -•4 Corrected /o infinite aspect ratio
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -.4 ..2 0 .2 4 .6 8 10 /.2 1.4 /.6 l.8
ng/e of oHock, a (degrees) Liff coefficient, C
FrovaE 24. -N.A.C.A. 2612 airfoil.
51a. Op". u
0 - 0 U /0
/.25 2.63 -2.11
2.5 3.63 -2,94
5.0 4.96 -3.96
7.5 5.9/ -4.60 C O _10
/0 6.66 -5.06 0 20 40 60 80 /L
15 7.75 -5.63
20 8.48 -5.87
25
30 6.92
-5.92
9/9 -5.84
40 9./6 -535
NI#RPer cent ofchord
.44
50 6.62 -462
l 60 7.64 -3.76 2.0 .40
O 70 6.28 -2.88
80 4.57 -/.9B
U 90 2.56 -/.07 .36
0 95 L41 -.62 L0
/oo
O /00 !./sl
-
!-.lsl
0 46 .32
C L.E. RW..: 2.41
N S/ape of, ai- UQ
26 0 lhro ugh end of 1.4 .28

C& 2/25 N
3
24 0 2( c. p. L 2V .24
k m
2004( LO ,y .20 0
q l
o 6D& i Al
° o
0/28( LD .6X.12
k
k 8 010( .4'.08
0 4vC .2 .04
.o u C
l
0y 0 0
C Airfoi/.• N.A.CA.25/5 R.N:3,o60,000
-4 0.
Size: 5"x30" -.2 Vet. fft/sec.): 69 8
Pres.(stndot. ):20.6 Doi-S-18-31
ti Where tested.-L.M.A.L. Test.-VDT 675
-B -.4
Corrected for tunnel-wall effect
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, a (degrees)
FiomE 26.-N.A.C.A. 2616 airfoil.
270770-$ 6--3

J/
.44 .09 36
U .40
S
.08 32 aaP
ru v
0 .36 x.07 28 2f
6
.32 0.06 24 p
v V u
28 .26`c 0.05 20 m
•v a
k
24 lu Ci.24v N.04 16 1-11.
v
A 20o v .20 $ 4.03 /2
u p
0 /6^ ao
mo ./6 O
0.02
.
.2 /2 u u ./2 k
.0/ 4u
k U
Bo 1 .08 0 00
0 4u
.o
.04 -4 0
m
0y 0 m -.2 -6",
c uu e
-4 0. -/2
U m .3 Airfoil. N.A.C.A. 2518
o_ -4 Dote: 9-19 3/ -16
-B
Corrected to infinite -
__ .4 c2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Litt coefficient,
FIGURE 2B .-N.A.C.A. 2618 airfoil.
mu ô /0 2
0
0-/0
0 20 40 60 BO /00
Per centafchord ^ ./G
112`
7 //
L .44
VS
.09 36 v
s
2B 2.0 .40 -.OB 32 O
7 5
U 3
LB .36 x.07 28
7 6J
a [. Rpd.: 4.es 1.6 .32 x.06
.6
24 0
v JPe Ofrod'3S ^j l
28 o^d^'z% s f C 1.4 .28- 0.05 20",v
va
24 0 C.P. /.2V.24 y.04 168-
k _ k
420 4.03 /2
U 11
i .e^0 .lso 0 .02 Bi

.6'./2 .0/ 4^
k
60. .4 v .08 0 0
0 4wu .2 .04 OE -. / -4 0
CD v
x l
04 0 0 -.2
r Airfoil. N.A.C.A.252/ R.N.:,^ /30,000 3 e
Size: 5"x30" 3el(ft/sec): 68.9 _ .3
-4 0. Pres(sfnd. ahn.): 2/.0 Date.9-2/-31 ' 2
v Where tested.• LM.A.L. Test: l!O.T. 677 10ote: 9-2/ 3/
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wa/l effect -.4 -.4 ratio
-4 0 4 6 /2 /6 20 24 28 32
^ :4
I Corrected to infinite
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient
1'..27. -N.A.C.A. 2521 WdOU.
Slo.
0
u U /0
- 0
[25 2.05 -1.73 Yo' 0
2.5 2.66 -2.37
5.0
7.5
3.95
172
-a/7
-a66 4
1U
p - /0
10 5.34 -403 0 20 40 60 80 /C 7
/5
20 6.25 -4.45
667 -4.6/ Per cenfofchord
25 7.26 -462
30 7.51 -4.52
40 7.56 -4.03 .44
al 50 7.23 -3.36
60 6.56 -2.56 2.0 .40
0u 70 5.56 -/.77
80 4.15
/
kUO 90 2.34 -.56

95 1.26 - .33 /.8 .36
/00 Ly
L.E. Rod.: /.56 /.6 .32

v V
28 c'.9 2/30
choror
-,of /.4 .281
3 v
24 1- 2( LID c. p. 1.2,j.24 ;O^
k v
q20o 4( LO x.208
u o.
0 /sD s( sv.ls^
0 0
o 12u 8( .6X./2
ti.
8 104 .4 08
4 C
0
04 .2 .04
h 04 O 0
C Airf.A.., N.A.C.A.26t2 R.N.:3190,000
-q ti Size: 5"x30" Ve4(ltlsec.):68.4 -.2
Pre s. (sthdotm):2/.0
V Where tested: L.M. A.L. Test: VDT. 723
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wo/l effect -.4
-8 -4 O 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of oitock, a (degrees)
Fxomz 28.-N.A.C.A. 2612 tWoll.
6t. UPY. L'^Y.
v P /0
L25 204 -17S
L5 262 -240
Ui O
6. 0 3.90 -323
10 4.66
h 0-10
7.5 5.26 -3.76
-4.12 0 20 40 60 60 /C 7
20 6.73 -4.75
/5 6.13 -456
25 7./2 -4.77
Per cent of 'd
40
30 736 -4.67
7.43 -3.47 .44
D 50 7.13 -4.18
60 6.52 -2.6/ 2.0 .40
0l 70 5.57 -1.67
804.42 - .83
l
U 90 257 - .33
95 1.44 - .19 1.8 .36
O (-. 3)
(113) O
100
v L.ERod: /.58. 1 1.6 .32
l ough end.(
26 o G 1h
chord: 2/35
1.4 .28c
Ci
3 .W
2402( LID c. . 1.2, .24
v
y 1 0 Q 41 /.o'.20
0 /6 6C .8
m
.16
0 0
8( .6 ./2
60/a .4^ .08
0 4m .2 .04
.o u
0 p. 0 0
c Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 2712 R.M-$060.000
-4 0. Size: S"x30" Vel.(ft./sec.): 69.5 -2
ti
P es.(sfnd. 0 Dote:12-4-31
Where tested.•L.M.A.L. Test: V.D.T. 724 -.4
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wall effect
-tl 4 0 4 8 M /6 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient.(
M.. 29.-N.A.C.A. 2712 sftM.

Slo. LPL, L'wi-. cu

O - 0 v o /0
/.25 3.04 -/.07 U t 0
2.5 4.13 -441 lUp -/0
5.0 575 -L69 h
7.5 6.% -/.66
to Z90 -46/ 0 20 40 60 80 /6
20 9.74 -1.74
25 9.92 -496
30 9.94 -2.06 .44
40 9.56 -2.05
D 50 875 -1.85
t0 60 Z
70 6.13 -1.21
-/.55 2.0 .40
80 4.39 - .BS
U 90 2.4/ - .50
k 95 /.3/ - .3/ Li 48 .36
1.131 (-63)
/00
L.E. Rod.:756 1.6 .32
v 5lope ofrodius
28 i
Ci
0
0 through end of
chor d: -4//0 /.4 .,?8<
,N
24 a 20 L/D c. p. 2,j. 24 i?
k v
20x40 I /0^.20u
A l
I
U
6 16 60 .8m./60
0 0
U
80 .61" ./2
B 0/00 .4 '.08
M
0 4 .2 .04
o u 0
2 0 4 Airfoil: N.A.CA.4212 R.N:3240,000

0 O
0 Siie: 5"x30" Vel.(f//sec.): 68./
-4. 0. Pres.(sYnd.afm): 20.9 Dote:l2-/0-3/ -.2
u Where tel...^L.M.A.L. Tezt:VD.T. 729
-B Corrected for tunnel-wo// effect -.4
-6 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, o: (degrees) Lift coeff%c%eni, C
Hausa 30.-N.A.C.A. 4212 Udall.
Sta. Vp'r. L'w'r A 20

0 - 0 Np 12 48
/.25 /,39 -.57 0
2.5 2.05 -.64
50 3./O -.54 p
7.5 393 -.35
/0 4.63 -.12
/5 S. .32
ti -/0
0
ffffH
20 40 60 80
Per cent of chord
/6
./0
44
40
20 6.44 .68
25 6.65 B9
30 7.00 %00
40 6.62 /.02 44 09 36
D 50 6.33 /.03
60 5.56 99
0 70 4.54 .86 2.0 .40 V 08 n, 32D
U
BO 329 .65
90 /. ]9 34
cw
s5 .97 /5 L8 .36 .07 28 t
100 LO61 (-.O6)
D /00 O
W
L.E.Rod.:040 1.6 .32 0 06
U° u
0
14:;z
l
'80 0 chord: 4115L/D of
51-
through end 1.4 .28, o OS 20 m
C
24 ,0 20 I
c.p.
I I
/. 2V.24^ti m .04-/6 p
v
q20 0 40 1.0,t .20 4 .03 /2'c
o /6 60
0
.02 8.kC
l P n
o 128 d
O ^
O/ 0
.6x .12
k 4t
u
80/00 .4 .08 0 00
0
4U n .2 .04 C ------ 40
w
OQ 0 0 v
c Airfoil. N.A.C.A.4306 R.N-W,90,000 °u
-4 0. Size: 5'X30" VeL (f1./sec.): 70./ .2 .3
Q
Pres.(s £nd. of 3 Od1.:4-11-31 c Airfoil N.A.C.A. 4306 R.N.:3060.000 _/2
-8 U Where lested.• G.M.A.L. Test: V.O.T. 561
Corrected for funnel-wall effect _•4 F -.4 4-11-31 Test: V. D. T. 561 _/6
0 ' 4 Corrected to infhde aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32 S` -.4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .6 /.0 /.2 /.4 /.6 1.8
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficienl,C
-
Fluvaa 31. N.A.C.A. UN aidoll.
cows
o i0 ./2 48
- 34 0
- %J7 o -l0 44
-1.28 0 20 40 60 60 /00
- 1.0/ Per cenfofchard .l0 40
- so
-_ 60
44 09 36 oip
D -- 29 $
1s
- Os 2.0 40 1.08 Co, 32 O
ao
w
ò
- .05 ).8 .36 u.07 28
(-.09) w O
U
c :T8_9 C 1.6 .32 0.06 24 p
rodi3s cj U t
28 0 s f /.4 .28 c 0.05 20 u
CL
24 0 42 V .24 v.04 16p
Q) 0
0200 4O v.90^ .03 C
t u
p /6U .8 i .16^ 02 n 8t
^ t
p /2 U .6 ku ./2^ .0/ 4yU
.4 .08 0 01)
wo qvu
o n .2 .04 J-.
Ci - / c ^° -4 0
W
a 00. 0 O 2 B -
C Airfoil: N.A.CA. 4309 R.N.:3,060,000 u

tz
Size: 5'X30" Ve%(H./sec.): 69.8 -2 R.N.:3060,000 -/2

-4 0.
Pres(stnd. otm.): 20.B D&e.4-/3-31 ' 2 ^ ' 3 Airfoi/:N.A.CA. 4309
Where tested.• L.M. A.L. Test.• VD..T 563 -4 ff_4 Dote: 4-133/ Test: V. D. T. 563 _/6
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wall effect Corrected to infinite aspect ra{io
0 4 8 /2 /6 20 24 26 32 ..4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 /.4 1.6 18
Angle of o{tock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient.
Fioun 32.-N.A.C.A. 4308 Wdoll.
51a. Up'r. L'wY. U c/0

O - 0 N p
L25 2.64 -1.29 U ^ 0
2.5 3.63 -/. 75 0 _/o
-2.19
5.0
7.5 S6.22 -2.34 20 40 60 80 /L )
/0 7/2 -2.39 0
/5 846 -231 Per cent fchord
20 9.34 -2.17
9.62
25 /0.00 -2.07
3o -2.00 .44
40 9.75 -1.86
L 50 8.98 -/.6/
l
O
60 765 -1.28
70 6.39 .95
- 2.0 .40
l 60 462 - .64
U 90 254 - .38
k 95 1.38 - .25 /8 .36
O (' 13) (-Q3) C
100 /.6 .32
m L. E. Rod.: 1.58
si oe orroe^s Ci
through end of
26p; chord: 4//S 1.4 .28 c
N
24 O 2f /.2V .24
w LID C.P.
v
q20p41 LOv.20^
u
/6' 61
t 0 0
o /2 ^ 81
60 /Ol .4^ .08

0 4m .2 .04
.o u a
v
04 0 0
C Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 4312 R.N.:3,/80.000
Size: 5"x30" Ve/.(fl./sec.: 68.7
-4 R
Pres.(s{i+d.otm):20.8 Dole:12-14-31 -.2
Where tested: L.MA.L. Test: V D.T. 731 -.4
-8 Corrected for tune/-wall effect
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 /6 20 24 . 28 32
Angle of o{lack, a (degrees)
FxoII z 33.-N.A.C.A. 4312 aWoll.

22 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMPPTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
sto. UPS'. 4M, D t0 48

v
/.25 3.32 - 60 0
2.5 4.47 -2.26
5.0 6./3 -2.97 v u ko -/0
y /I 44
7.5 737 -3.3/
/0 0.36 -3.50 0 20 40 60 BO t0
r
l5 9.85 -3.62 Pe Cent of,or, 40
20 /0.60 -a60
25 11,32-3.55
301/. -3.50
4011.18 -3.33
.44 .09 36
l
L 50/0. / -2.93
60 9.01 -2.42
S
2.0 .40 G.08 32
-c° 70 73/
BO 529 -/.30
-L66
,v
k 9 0 292 - .74
95 1.5B - .44 1.8 .36 x.07 28 i?
100 (.l6) (-.16) .d
D 100 0
L. E. Rad.: 2.48
C 1.6 .32 0.06 24,
W V u l
Slope afradius
28 0 through end of
chord:4 /5
44 .28`c 00 .05 20
0
va
24 0 20 c. p. 1.2 Ci.24X j.04
L/D m o v
420040 /. 0,E .20 4.03
N ^ u `c
e /6 60 .8 v./600 .02
o 'o
/2^8 0 s °./2
k
.0/ 4^
B o /00 .4".08 0 00
e
4 0
.2 .04 G-./ -4o
v
z° 0
m
4 0 0 k0 -.2 -8
CR Airfoil., N.A.CA. 4315 R.1i:3,120,000
-4 Size: 5"x30" Vel.(ft./sec.): 69.3 -.2 w-.3
Pres.(stnd. aim): 20.8 Dole:4-14-31 v Airfoil: N.A.CA. 4315
V Where Msled.•) A.L. Test.-VDT 565 -.4 Z-4
-8 Corrected for funnel-wall effect
-6 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of otfock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient, Q
FIOREE 39. -N.A.C.A. 9315 Elrtoll.
Sto. Up 'r. L0,

0 - 0 W b0
/.25 4.07 -/.90 t 0
2.5 S.36-2.74 y -/0
S. 7.20 -3.68 0
Z58.56-4.25
/0 9.64 -4.56 0 20 40 60 W /0 )
/5 //.22 -4.92 Per centofchord
20 /225
2512.
80 -500
30 13.00
40 /264 -477 .44
D 50 //.65 -4.24 V$
60 10.15 -3.55
0 70 6.24 -2.76 2.0 .40
60 5.95 -/.94
90
v
kO 329
95 1.79 - .64
100
-/.OB
48 36
a too (./9)
- o
(-./9)
/.6 .32 0
v L. C. Nod.: 356
Slope ofrod/us L;, Ci u
28 p 0 Through end of 1.4 .28 o
chord: 4 /5
24
3 20 1.2V.24w m
va
c.p.
q 200040 LD 40.^.20va 0
N ^ u a4
o /6' 60
0 0
0 /2 oCu 80 .6' .12

8 0100 .4'.08.
0 4v .2 .04 V`
.o u C
0 0 y
4 04 Airfoil: N.A. C.A. 4318 R.N:3,09Q000
C Si- 5'k30" VeZ(ft/sec.): 69.5 U
4 0. Pres.(st^7datm.):20.8 Dofe:4-14-31 -.2
-B u Where tested.-L.MA.L. 7-est.-VDT 566 v
Corrected for tunnel-wall effect -4 0
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient, C
FtomE 35 -N.A.C.A. 4318 MO.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENBFPY WIND TUNNEL 23
Sto:
0 o ./2
1.25 4.84 -2./9 ut / 0
25 129 -3./8 l
o -/0
50 6.26 - 4.38 R
44
,0/0. - 564 0 20 40 60 80 /C 7
15 1262 -6.19
2013.72
Per cen/ofchord
-42
S.
25 /4.29 -6.50 h
1450
30 /4.09 -6.50 .44 .09 36 m
40 -6.23
D 50 12.96 -5.56 a
60//. / -4.66 2.0 .40 V .08 32 O
70 9./8 -3.66
t 80 6.64 -258 N
90 3.67 -1.43 18 .36
k 95 2.00 - .84 28 b
O /00 (.221 (-.22) k
D /00 - o 1.6 .32 0.06
L.E. Rod. 4. 65
v s/ape ' C°
ihrou9 =
28 0 0 chord: 1 , 1.4 .28-, 0.05 20 w
4115 C
W ^
24020 c.p. 1.2V .24 x.04 /6 0
a '^ a
20 40 /.0- .20 u x.03
N LID
u a
/6O 60 .8 v '16° .02
o O
o
/2 °C80
u .6X./2 .0/ 4y
k
vi 0
M 8'.100 .4".08 0 O'er
0
C
0 4w Y
u 2 .04 G f -4 0
° C
^° O 4 0 0 m-.2 - 81
C Airfoik NA.CA. 4321 R.N:3/20,000 0
Size. 5"x30" Ve%(f/./sec.): 694
-4 0.
Pres.(sfnd.ofm.):20.7 Dote:4-15-W -.2 c -.3 A/rfo/1.NA.CA 4321 R.N. 3,120, 0001
Where lested.-L.MA.L. Test: V.OT 567 Dole:4-15-3/ Test, VD.7.5671
8 u Corrected for funnel-wo/1 effect 4 1-4
^ Corrected to infinite ospectrobo
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 0 .2 4 .6 8 /.0 /2 1.4 16 LB
Angle of oltock, a (degrees) L/ft coeff/'c/enl, C
.
Ftovaa 38.-N.A C.A. 9321 SIM%
sf. Up', L''wr

. D /0 48
0
JS 1.25 -.64 u u 0
2.5 1.68 - 79 u,A 44
5.0 2.79 - .82
i0 ass - .60 O 20 40 60 80 /G 40
/5 5.15 -.25 Per cent ofchord
20 5.90 .12
25 6.42 .46
30
40
6.76
6.90
.74
1./0 .44 .09 36 w
D so 6.55 1.24 a
60 5.95 1.27 2.0 .40 U.08 32
70 485 1.16
u 80 3.56 N
k 90
95 1.05 24
1.96 .49
1.8 .36 ^.07 28 ti
/00 (.06) (- 06) .d
O 00 - o
1.6 ,32 0.06 246
L. E. od.: 0.40 l
w 51ape ofrodi35 V
through end of
2B o ( chord: 1.4 .28- 0.05 20'.
4120
C W
24a 2( L/D /.2V.24 v.04 168-
c.p.
m a
O 2004( lo-.20u x.03 12'^
u
/6 6( .8 ^./6 0 .02
^ t
u
.6 0 ./2 .0/ 4s
k u
80/a .4".08 0 0Z
O
`^ C
I
° 4u in C, .2 .04 0-./ -4o
,o v
^ 0 Qa O O LIZ -.2
c Airfoil.-N.A.CA.4406 R.N:3,10Q000 U
e
-4 4 54, 5"x30" Vef.(ft/sec.): 69.4
U Pres.(sfd.nofm.):20.9 Dote:8-21-31 N.A.CA. 4406 R.N..:3,/00,000
Where tested: L.MA.L. Test: VOT. 651 -.4 0-.4 -21-31 Test: VO.T. 651
-B Corrected for tunnel-wa//effect
8 -4 0 4 B 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4
Angle of oltock, a (degrees) L ift coeff/'c%ni. 0,
F[0vae 37. -N.A.C.A. 4908 airfo.
Sto. up-,. LWr. a cu

0 - O
10
u o 2 48
/.z5 /.e/ -LOS 0
2.5 2.61 -1.37 R o-/0 44
S. 0 3.74 - /.65
75 4.64 -1.74
/0 5.37 -/.73 0 20 40 60 BO / 0 0 40
/5 6.52 -155 Per centofchord
20 7.33 - /.30
25 7190 -L02
30 8.25 - .76 44 09 36
40.8.35- .35
D 50 767 - .07 .08--eat
60 7.00 .14
70 5.76 .26 2.0 .40 32.
60 4.21 .26
90 2.33 .14
95 1.26 03 1.8 .36 .^ .07 28
0 100 (.03) 1-.091
a /00 0 1.6 .32 0 .06 24
v L. E. Rod.: 0.69
Slope o(rodius V u
28 'b 0 through end of
chord: 4 20
1.4 .28 c o .05 20
W a
3
24 a 20 c.p. V ^ .614 16
Lm
020040 LO,v.20u .03
y ^ U 8.
p 16 60 .$ v./s o .02 r°
0 0
o /2.g 8 0 .6 U.12 0/ 4'
w
8 0/00 .4'.08 0 0 3
c
-4 3
0° 4 u C .2 .04 t
c
0 0 m -.2 -8 a
04 0 i
c AirfOlL'NA.CA.4403 R.N:3,170,000
Size: 5"x30" Ve1.(ft./sec.): 68.6
-4 0.
Pros.(stndatirz):'WA2/.0 Dote:8-24-31 2 c .3 Airfoil. NA.C.A. 4409 R.N.:3,170,000 12
V Where tesfed L. .L. Test: V DT 652 _ 4 Dote: 8-24-31 Test: V. D. T. 652 -/6
-6 Corrected for tunnel-watt effect -.4 Corrected to inf'nite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 /.2 1.4 16 /.B
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coeff/cteni,C
Fmm. 38. -N.A.C.A. 4408 I& M.
S1o. Opi-. Lm, ac

o 2.44
1.25 - 0
-/.43 ^r / 0
2.5 3.39 -1.95 y -/0
5.0 4.73 -2.49 h 0
7.5 5.76 -2.74
/0 6.59 -2.66 0 20 40 60 60 /0 0
/5 7.69 -2.66 Per centofchord
20 6.60 -2.74
25 9.41 -250
30 9.76 -226
40 .460 -/.80
.44
50 919 -1.40
60 8.14 -L00 2.0 .40
0 70 669 -.65
80 4.89 - .39
ku so 271 - .zz
95 /.47 - ./6 /.8 .36
l00 1.131 (-./31 C
a 100 - O 1.6 .32
mc L.E. Rod.: 1.56
5/ape of-d,11, V
2810 0 lhrough endpf
chord: 4 20
1.4 .28
W
3
24 1- 20 LID
A2V.24
w c.p.
v
Q20 a4 0 LO y.20°
l U u
ri 16 6 0 $ .!6
0 0
12 8 0 .6'./2
80/00 .4'.08
`^ C
° 4u
.0 C
.2 .04
0 0
R° 0 4 Airfoil, N.A.CA. 4412 R.N:3,200,000
C Vel.(ft./sec): 66.6
_4 0. Size: 5"x30" -.2
Pres.(sfnd.oim.):20.8 Doie:12-15-31
Where tested: L.h1A.L. Test: V D.T. 732
_g v -.4
Corrected for tunnel-wail effect
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -
Angle of attack, or (degrees) Lift coefficient. 0.
1NOME 30 .-N.A.C.A. 4412 91doil.

S0. UP r. L'0r. ^D l0 2 48
/.ZS 3.07 -1.79 U 0
2.5 4./7 -2.48 lU
-l0 44
5.0 5.74 -3.27
75 6.91 -3.7/ 4p
/0 7.84 -3.98 0 20 40 60 BO /0
15 9.27 -4./8 Per cent ofchard ./0 40
20 /0.25 -415 -
25 /0.92 -3.9B
30 //.25 -3.75 .44 .09 36
//.25 -3.25
D 5 /0.53 -2.72
60 9.30 -214 2.0 .40 U .08 °° 32.
O 70 7.63 -/.55
80 5.55 -/.03
U 90 308 - .57 LB .36 ._6 .07
_6
28
k 95 1.67 - .36
O 00 (.16) (-.16)
C L. C. Rad.: 2.48
Lc /.6 .32 0 .06 24'
iW 0 slope o7u9 V u
28 through end o7
Chord: 4120 1.4 .28 o^.0$ 20
W ^
24 '3a 20
.
e.p. /.2 V . 24k m 04 l6
ZT
q20040 L/D /.0.200 .03 2
0 16--60 A./6^ .02 a 8'

oe 0 0
0 .6u .l2 .0/ 4'
x 80/00 .4'.08 0 0
`•
0 4Cv .2 .04 c
.o u
a0 0 4 0 0 m -.2 -8
.c Airfoil: NA.C.A.44/5 R.N:3 /10.000 0
44 Si- S"x30" Vel.(fl/sec.): 69.5 2
P(sti7d.otm):20.7 Dote:8-26-31 cv Airfoil. NA.CA . 4415 R.M.: 3,110.000 /2
-8 u
Zr. tested: L.MA.L. Test: VOT. 654
Whe _ Dote:8-26-31 Test: l!D.T. 654 -16
Corrected for tunnel-wall effect _4 0 ' 4 Corrected to in fihite aspect rofo
-8 -4 0 4 8 • 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 720 .2 .4 .6 .B LO L2 /.4 L6 /.8
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coeff can't C
FIGURE 40. -N. A.C.A. 4415 airfoil.
5/a. Up •r. Lm, 48

° 376
/.25 - -2//
° us o l00
2.5 Soo -299 W k _/0 44
5.0 6.75 -4.06 Co
7.5 6.06 -4.67
/0 9.// -506
15 10.66 -5.49
0 20 40
Per centofchord
60 80 /0
0 /0 40
20 //.72 -556 h
25 12.40 -5.49
30 12.76 -5.26 44 .09 36 w
40 12.70 -4.70 a
a s0 /1.65 -402
60 10.44 -24
3. 2.0 .40 ^ 08 32 v
O 70 6.55 -2,45
80 6.22 -/.67 N
90 346 - .93 AS .36 ^.07 28 Z{
k 95 /.89 - .55
2
g
C 1.6 .32 0.06 24 0
4.E.Rad.:3.56 l
Slope ofrod)u5
If
W G u
28 0 Z'
D through endof /.4 .08- 0.05 20 m
chord
24 0 2 0 c. . 1.2V .24 F
• v .04 168
v `^ a v
q 2004 0 40.y .200 ^.03 2.'c
k
N ^ .0
/6^ 6 0 L/D .8v.16^ 02-
0 0
o /2r8 0 6 u .12 .0/ 4^
u k
8 0/0 0 .4 08 0 Oa
0 4 Cv
`• 3 C ` -4 o
. 2 .04
4 u n
04 0 0 m -.2 -B
Airfoil. N.A.CA. 4418 R.N.:3,100.000 0
c Size: 5"x30" ve/(f//sec.): 69.5 -.2
Dcle:8-27-3/ u-.3 -/2
I-rl' v I: NA.CA. 4418 R.N.: 3,/00,000
U Where tested: L.MA.L. Test: l!0.T 655 -.4 0 -.4 9-27-31 Test: VD. T. 655 -16
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wall effect cted to infinite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 .4 .4 .6 .8 LO L2 1.4 /.6 /.8
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient, C
270770-35-4
zo -
L^ r ./2
D
10 48
125 4.45 -2.42 g0
2.5 5.B4 -3.46 w _/0
50 7.82 -4.78 hW p 44
]5 924 -5.62
/B %35 -6.15 0 20 40 60 80 l00 ./0 40
15 12.04
2013.17 -6.75
-6.9B. Per cent ofchord r
25
30 1314.27
B6 -6.92
-s.76
n y
.44 .09-- -36 v
4014.16 -6./6 8 ^
D 50 13. lB -5.34
BO //.60 -4.40 2.0 .40V .08 a; 32 U
t 70
60
90
9.50
6.9/
3B5
-•235
-23/
-/.27
N
1.8 .36 u.07 26 e
ò
100 /.- F0 O
l0 0 0 1.6 .32 0.06 24 0^
v LG Bod.: 4.65
Slope ofradius V U
28 0 through end of
chord: 4/20
C /4 .28'^ 005 20 u
3
v ^ Q
241,20 /.2V.24 y v.04 168
.
Q 20x40 r-
c. p
/.'O w .20 um °.03 12
y ^ U R ^
o /6^ 60 L/D B v . /s 0 .02
° o 0
.6 u ./2
b
0/280 .0/ 4
S uk
8 0/00 .4".08 0 0
z 0
0° 4 u C
0Q 0 0 -.2 -8 u'
C Airfoil NA.CA. 442/ R.11:3.110,000 u e
Size: 5"x30" Ve/(H/sec.): 69.4
Pres.(stird ofm): 20B Dote:8-28-31 .2 R.N:3,110,000 /2
-4 0.
w ' 3 Air foil, N. A. A. 4421
Where tested: L.M. A.L. Test: VD.T 656 -.4•4 Dote. B-28-31 Test: VD.T. 656 -16
-B Corrected for tunnel-wall effect Corrected to infinite aspectrotio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 72 0 .2
R- -4 .4 .6 .8 LO /.2 1.4
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficlent,C
5f. UPr.G' r. 10
D
/. 25 -. 7/ UC 0
5.0 260 -/.00
'
.66 U _/0 e 44
2.5
7.5 3.25 - .97 hp
/0 362 -.89 0 20 40 60 80 00
/5 4.74 -.64 Per centofchord 40
20545 -:32
6.36 .02
25 59B
30
40 6.74 ,93
.34 .44 .09 36-0
50 6.65 /.35
0
60 613 /.56
70 5.21 /.53 2.0 .40 -08 ro 0 0^ 32 O
U
60 390 /.25
90 2 /8 .72
95 1.17 35 1.8 .36 .07 28
i°o°o
/- /-0sl
L.E. Rod.: 0.40 /.6 .32^ x.06 24:9
W
51ope odfro us
28 p 0 through entl of
chord: 4125 44 .28 , 0.05 '01N
y
24 0 20 /.2V.24^ y.04 /60
k L D
c. p.
C
k
Q 20F40 /.0.1.200u 0.03 uo 12'
V ^ u
g` /6't 60 .81./60 .02
,o
a
12- BO .6 u .12^ .0/
w 4u
8,0/00 .4 .08 0 0
k c r °
20 4 u
.o 0 v
0Q O O y -.2 -8 ^`
c Airfoil: NA.C.A. 4506 R.N,:$05Q000 °u e
-4 0. Size: S"x30" Ve%(H./sec.) 70.0
Pres.(st'n:d o tm.): 20.6 Dafe: 4-/5-31 •2 c •3 Airfo#-N..A.C.A. 4506 R.N:3.050,000 -l2
_8 d Where fesfed• L.A.L.
M. Test: V.O.T.568 Oote: 4-/5-3/
Corrected for tunne/-/l effect -.4 - 4 Test: V AT 568 _l6
Corrected to infinite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 /2 16 20 24 28 32-4 -2 0 .2 .4 -6 .8 /.0 /.2 l.4 46 /.8
Angle of otfock, o: (degrees) Lifl coefficient.
FIGURE 43. N.A.C.A. 4803airfoil.
51. up', V0, D /O

/.25 13S -1.12 U ^ 0
2.5 2.47 -1.50 L, -/0
5.0 3.54 -1.84
7.5 4.36 -1.99 0 20 40 60 80 /0
/0 SOS -2.05
/5 6.12 -/.96 Per cent ofcho^d
20 6.89 -1.75
25 7.46 -/.47
30 7.85 -1.16 .44
,40 6./9 .52
a 50 7.97
60 7.27
70 6./2
-
.03
.42
.62 2.0 .40
0
80 4.56 .60
U 90 256 .35 /.e .36
k 95 /. /5
100 (.09) f-.091
/00 - 0
/.6 .32
v L. E. Rod.: 0.69 C
Slope afrad'us V
28O through end of /.4 .28c
chord:4 25
,W
3
24 0 2i LID
/.2V .24
w v
N 20041 LOv.20^
p /6 61 8x./60
o O
D o
°12^Bi i .6h ./2
8 0 /Oi .4'.08
c C
° Su .2 .04
o
v
^ 0 Q O 0
.0
Airfoil, N.A.C.A. 4509 R.N..:3,120.000
Size: 5"x30" V.I.(fG/sec.): 69./
-4 0. P es.(s fnd. almf:20.9 Dote: 4-15-31 -.2
G Where fested: L.MA.L. Test: V D.T. 569
-B Corrected for tunnel-walleffect -.4
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefffcient,Q
Proves 44.-N.A.C.A. 4608 airfoil.
5o. Up', L'-r. vD /0

125 2.33 O
25 3.22 -2.07 O
SO 4.50 -2.67
7.5 5.46 -2.99
/0 6.25 -3.18 0 20 40 60 60 10
15 7.46 -3.28 Per cont ofchord
20 a34 -3./7
25 8.95 -2.95
30 9.37 -266
40 9.64 -/
-/.97
.44
Ul 50 9.29 .29
606.43 - .70 2.0 .40
° 70 7.06 -.2,9
t 805.23 -:04
U 90 2.93 .00 48 .36
95 /.58 - .04
/00 (./2) (-. 12) C
aC /00 - 0
LX. Rod: 1.56 1.6 .32
v Slope ofrodus Ci
28 0 through a 2Z /.4 .281
chord: 4/25
3 W
24 L. 2 LID C.P. 2,j. 24 i?
ô
X20041 /.0 r .20 0
N ^ u
o /6^ 61 .6 .160
0 0
o /2 C
u
e r .6°./2
k
B o /Oi 4".08
0 4v .2 .04
o u
v
^ O4 0 0
C AlrfOlL'NA.CA.45/2 R.N:320Q000.
Size: 5'k30" Ve1.(fL/sec): 68.2 -.2
4 0. Pres.(sfnd ofm):2/./ Dafe:/2-/6-3/
v Where tesfed'LAIA.L. Test:V.DT 733
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wall effect -.4
- 0 -4 O 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack a (degrees) Lift coefficient,C
F'lovac 46.-N.A.C.A. 4512 airfoil.

20
St.. Up". L'w^-.
0 - o
/.25 2.94 -/.88B
wuo ^/0o .12 48
2. 5 00 -2464
4 0 45. 49 -3 8 0. o 44
7.5 6.60 -398
to ].4s -4.30
IS 8.85 -4.59
0 20 40 60 BO 10 7
Per cen/ofchord 40
20 9.6/-450
25 /0.47 N
3010.80 -4.16 .44 .09
4011.019 -3.44 36 w
D 501062 -262
60 9.56-1.e5 ti
2.0 .40 •x.08 a
70 299 -1.20 32 O
s° BO SB9 - .69
90 332 - .35 v
O 48 .36 x.07 28 ZS
100 - Ci .d
O
cN L. E. Rod.: 246 L6 .32 x.06 24 p
Slope o/ radius v
2B 0 chord: 4125of
I= 9,5 end
/.4 .28- 0.05 20 u
o va
24 0 20 C.P. 1.2V .24^ v.04 /6g
ti
v v
y 20040 /.O.w.20' x.03
l
LID
U
1 h
12
J1
/6^ 60 .B m'/6^ .02 6 ^^
o '0
o /2c80 .6 wu .12 .0/ 4y
k
O
8,0100
0 4 Cv
.4J .08
.2 .04 V-./
Y 4 0
.o C -4 0
u v
04 O 0 w -.2 -B
C Airfoi/-NA.CA.45/5 R.N.:3,080,000
-4 R Size: 5"x30" Vel tft./sec.): 69.6 U
P es.(sfndofm.):20.7 Dote:4-/6-3/
v Where tested'L.MA.L. Test: VD.T. 571
-8 Corrected for funnel-wall effect -.4 0-.4
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32 -4 -20 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0
Ang/e of Mock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient,C
y
Fca sE 46.-N.A.C.A. 4518 airfoil.
Slo. UP 'r. LWr a cu

- y a /0
0
/.25
25
3.56
4.79
0
-2.25
-316
l 0
00
50
6.49 -4427 4 .//
/0 6.74 -5.4/ 0 20 40 60 80 IC I
/5/0.25 -569 Per centafchord 40
20 //.27 -6.01
2511.96
30 12.37 ''
-5.66
-5. 9 44 .09 - - 36 w
40 /253 -4.69 l
50 1/.94 -3.94
60 /0.72
70 6.92
-296
311 2.0 .40 .x.08--_.._ ..._....... 32 a
s 60 657 -1.34
90 3 69 - .7/ v Cno
k 95 2.01 - .44
/00 (.19) (-./9)
/B .36 y.07 28 ti
k
a /00 - 0 1.6 .32 0.06
v L. E. R.d.d.: 3.56
Slope of-d,,, C
26 0 0 c hord 4125of 1.4 .28`c 0.05
W a
24 ,b 20 c.p. L2^.24X v.04 168
v
O 20 0 40 1.0 .a .20 4.03
y ^ U k
/6^ 60 IL .8v./6o 02 6i
0
o /280 .6 .12 0 .0/ a' 4y
u
60/o0
`^ C
0 4v
.4 .08
.2 .04 V`-./
0
4
40
0
o u C m
04 0 0 m -.2
c Airfoil N.A.CA. 45/6 R.N:3130.000 0 e
-4 0. • Size: 5"x30" 3e).(ff./sec.): 66.9 .2 .3
Pres. (sthd afm): 2L0 Dote:4 Airfoi/: NA.CA. 4518 R.N: 3 /30.000
-8 u Wherefested.-L.MA.L. Test.VOT 572 _ _ .4 Dote: 4-16-31 Test, VD. T. 572
Corrected for tunnel-wc , H effect .4 Corrected fo inflhVie ospectrofio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 L2 14 /.6 L
Angle of otfoch, a (degrees) Lift coefficient, 0
Frooxx 47 .-N.A.C.A. 4518 airfoil.
r
sl. UP' . L'v,
r.
U /O /2 48
1.25 4.23 -2.56 ui 0
2S 5.60
SO 750
7.5 0.90
/0 /0.00
1511.63
-3.B6
-505
-5.90
-6.50
-7.17
N kp -/O
0
94Mm
20 40 60 80 /C 7
Per cent .{chord
.//
./0
V
co
E
44
20 1273 -7.42 P
40
2513.46 - 7.38
30'3.06 - Z/6 .09 311
40 1397 -635 .44
60 13.27 -5.27
50 0 l
70 9.65 -4.
11.86 /2 2.0 .40 .08 h 32 D
-3.00 o,
S 80 7.26 -1.97
90 406 - /.05 W
95 2.24 - .63 L8 .36 o .07 28 tt
0 /00 (22) (-22) 0
100 - 0 1.6 .32 0 06
LE.Rod.: 4.85 24 p
m 5/opeofrodius Ci Ci u l
26 O through end of 1.4 .2Bc 0 .05-
0 chord: 4/25 zo
v
v $
24 t. 20 c. p. L2 V .24 v .04 16 p
k
Q20E LO
v 0 0 .03
y o 40 u
2
16 -60 L/D
ev.160 02 ° B
L 0 o O 0
0/2280 .6^./2 0/ qtu
60100 .4 .08 0
00
c 0
0 4u Co 2 .04 C p -40
v
0Q 0 0 y _2 -80
c Airfoi/: NA.C.A. 452/ R.N.:3,150,000 ou e
-4 6/ie: S°x30" Ve/.(ft./sec.J: 69.0 .3
Pres.(sfnd.otm).•20.6 Dote: 4-/7-3/ .2
c Airfoi..• N.A.CA. 4521 R.N3: /50,000 /2
Where tested:L.MA.L. Test: V.D.T.573 Dote: 4-17-31 Test: VD.T 573 _16
0 -.4
_4
-6 Corrected for tunnel-wall effect Corrected to infinite ospect rotib
-6 -4 0 4 8 /2 16 20 24 28 32 .4 .2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 LO 1.2 /.4 t.6 L8
Angle of otlock, a (degrees) Lift coeff/cient,0
FIGURE 48.-N.A.C.A. 45 toll.
S^. Up ^. Gwr. QD /0 ITT

/.25 2.26 -1.57 i 0
2.5 3./3 -2./6 -/O //j -4
SO 4.36 -2.81
7,5 S. -3.17 O 20 40 60 60 /C
/0 6.02 -3.40
15 7.17 -3.56 Per cent ofchord X140
20 6.0/ -3.50
25 8.60
90l -331
-3.00
30 936
,44
40 -2.27
O 50 9.16 -/.4/
60 6.56 - .56 2.0 .40
L 70
60
7.44
5.66
./0
.40 CN
k 90 323 .3/ 0 /.8 .36 .0
100 !./2) (-.%21
a /o0 - 0 /.6 .32 0 +-H 24
v :/7
1-TROd _6T_
5/ape cf "of V u
28 0 through end of 1.4 .28 C 0
0
3
chord: 4/30
N
24 0 20 c.p. L2V .24w v 16
4g16D60 L/D v '^

20 a 40 /.0_v .20 u
u p,
.Bo .lso 8
o /280 .6' ./2
w
4
8 0 /00 .4'.08 0
o
4 uu a J
.2 .04 VE
0Q 0 0 y
c Airfoi/.• N.A.C.A.46/2 R.N.:3,2/0,000 0
Si 5"x30" Vel.(fl./sec):68.3
-4 0. P es.(slnd.olro):21,0 Dole: /2-/7-3/ -.2 Airfoi/:NA.C.A. 4612 R:N:3,210,000
Where tested.-LM A.L. Test: V.D.T. 734 _4 Dote: 12-17-31 Test: V D. T. 734 -l(
-8 u Corrected for tunnel-wall effect 0
Corrected to 1/7fhffe aspect rotio
-8 -4 0 4 B l2 /6 20 24 2B 32 -4
Angle of ottock, a (degrees) Lift coeff/cie,L Cc
F-it. 49.-N . A.C.A 4612 airfoil.
St . up L--
No /0 48
/.25 221 -/.6/ U t 0
253.04 -222
50 4.24 -292 y k° -/0 44
10 5.13 -3.32
l0 5.64 -3.56 O 20 40 60 80 /L
/56.95-3. 79 Per ceniofchord 0 40
20774 -377
256.3/ -3.60
30 9.71 -156 44 09 36
40 9.06 -2.56
50 6. - /.64
60 6.4747 - .65 2.0 .40 Uo .08
0 70].6] .34 32
BO 6.21 .95 N
U 90 3.73 .78 18 .36 .0 .07
95 02) .42 Ci 28
100 L/2) (- 0
/00 0 16 .32 0 .06
v L. E. Rod.: 1.56 24
Slope ofrodLs V U
28 D 0 ihraugh4/3s
chord.
endof /4 .28c °.OS 20
3 v ^
24 0 20 A2,j. 24 b .04-/6
v '^
20 0 40 /.Oy.20° .03 ao /2
l u ^4
p 16 ^ 60 .02 8
L 0 0 0
o / t 80 .6 .12 .0/ 4
k
6 °loo .4 .08 0 0
0 40U .2 .04 y` -4
.0 n
v 0 0 y -8
C Airfoil: NA.C.A. 4712 R.N:3,160.000 u
4 Si-S"x30" 1/e/(tf./sec): 68.7 2 .3
0. Pres. (sind.oim):210 Dote:12-18-31 c Z- toil. IV. A.0.A. 4712 R.N.: 3, 160, 000 /2
Where fested'L.MA.L. Test: V.D.T.735 _.4 E _ Dote: 12-18-31 rest: VD. T. 735 lB
-8 Correctedfor iunnel-wo//effect ' 4 Corrected to infhfte aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 B /2 /6 20 24 20 32 £ -2 0 .2 .4 .R A CO 12 14 1R 4R
Angle of ottoc/, or (degrees) Lift coe fficienf, C
Sfa. up'r. L'0,

0 - 0 y O cu
/O ./2 48
/.2S 370- .79 U l 0
2.5 4.99 -- ,79
.94
50 6.92 yy M.p 10 44
7.5 6.42 - .46
/0 9.56- ,15 0 20 40 60 80 10 7
/s //.09 Per centofchoro 0 40
20 //.74 .26
3011
25 //.92 .03
- . /O
Co, ;
4011. -./7
.44 .09--36
50 /0.49 :.12
60 9.// .05
70 7.37 .0/ 2.0 .40 G0 .08 32,
°C 80 5.30 .02 C
90 2.99 - ,03
03
95 1.55 -: (L /.8 .36 .07 28
O loo (,/2) (-.",
a /00 - O 1.6 .32 24'
L E. Rad.: 15B 0 .06
v 5lope ofrodi3s V
28 p 0 ihro39h end of
chard: 6110 1.4 .28 0°.O5 20
N ^
24 kk 20 c. L2V.24- v 04 /6
ô v
LID.
20 40 40i .20 o .03 /2
V u h
a
o /6. 60 .8 tE ./6 .02 8
o
12,80 .6u .0/ 4
8 0 /00 .4". 06 0 0
n .2 .04 Ci -41
° 4u
04 0 0 y _.2 _6
c Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 6212 R.N.:,^240,000 u
Size: S"x30" Vel.(ft./sec.): 66. l .3
-4 0.
Pres.(st'nd. ofm):20.9 Dote:12-21-31 Airfoil: N.A.CA. 6212 R.N. 3,240.000 -/2
Where tested: L.M.A. L. Test: V.O.T. 737 Dote: /2-21-3/Test: V D.T 737 _16
0 -4-
_4
-8 Corrected for funnel-wall effect Corrected to infinite ospecf ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32 c` -4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 LO l.2 /.4 1.6 /.8
Angle of offock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient, C
FIGURE 51 .-N.A.C.A. 6212 airfoil.
sf.. UP r L r. v ^ /O
125 1.63 - .40 u 0
2.5 246 -.34 l
50 3.79 .OS y 0 -/O
75 4.67 .50 20 40 60 80 100
to SB0 .96 0
/5 7.26 /.79 Per centofchoro ./O
20 8.23 2.45
25
30 8.80 2.64 y
9.00 3.00 .44 .09 36
40 6.76 2.98
50 6.17 2.86 8
60 720 2.62 2.0 .40 x'-.08 32
70 5.90 2.21
u 80 4.27 1,63
90 2.34 .86
k 95 1.24 .43 48 .36 ^.07 28 tt
0 100 (06) (-.06)
l00 - O 0 1.6 .32 0'.06--
L.E.Rod.: 0.40
v 5/ape of'oo- G U
28 0 0 lhra3qh end of
chord: 6//5
1.4 .2B
c 0.05 20 w
.v
24 ^k 20
LID C.P. /2V.24-Z^ v.04 u /6 0
v `^
q 20040 40y.20, k'.03 12'
u O, k
0 /6 60 .8v.16o .02
o a k
/2U 80 .6.12 .0/ 4^
w
0
B 0/00 .4 J .08 0 0p
g
0 4 W C .2 .04 -4 0
.o u ro
v 0 O -.2 -8
02
C
Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 6306 R.N:,$080,000
Size: S"x30" Ile%(fr/secf:69.8
-4 0.
P es. (st'nd. otm.):20.6 Dofe: 4-/7-3/ -.2 c -.3 AirfOi/:NA.CA. 6306 R.N.:3,080,000
Where tested.• L.M.A.L. Tesf: VD.T. 575 -.4-.4 Dote:4-17-31 Test: V D.T. 575
-8 Corrected for tunne%wol/effect Corrected to infinite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 /2 16 20 24 28 32 -4 -, O .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 /,2 44 /.6 /.
Ang/e of aHo'k. a (degrees) Lift coefficient,C
FIGURE 62,-N.A.C.A. 6306 airfoil.
20
Slo.
O 0
/O 2
/.25 -.75 U
25
5.0 r 0S 76
7.5 50
/0 ./B 0204060BO/O
/5 .46 Per Gent ofchord 0 ./0 40
20 9.70 1.02
25 10.29 1.35 h
30 10.50 1.50
40 10.24 1.53 .44 .09 360
50 9.50 1.55 8 l
60 6.35 /.4B 2.0 .40f 32
70 633 /29
S 60 4.94 . 50
90 W
90 2.71 .50
L8 .36 •u.07
U 95 /.45 23 28 tl
/00 cos) !-0 C
a loo - o /.6 .320'0.06
N L.E. Rod.: 0.89 u
Shope ofrad'us
28 0 0 /hrough end of
chord.' 15
1.4 .28-, p.05
3 v$
24 0 20 C.P. /. 2V.24 ,4y v.04 160
L/D v '^ v
q20 0 40 /Ov.20a x.03 c
U ^^
p 16 D 60 .02 6C
l l O ^ O
o /2 ^ 80 .6i .12 .0/ 4^
o u
80)00 .4^ .08 0 0:,L,
0
00 u 4
C
.2 .04 V -./ -4 0
v
^ OQv 0 0 y -.2
C Airfoil: NA.CA.6309 R.h!:3.110,000 O
Size: 5"x30" Vel.(R./sec.): 69.4 -.2 V
^-.3
40. Pres.(sihd.olmJ:20.B Dole:4-18-31
U Where fested: L.MA.L. Test: V.D.T.576 -.4 0 -.4 4-18-31 Test: V. T. 576
-8 Correc led for funnel-wo//effect Gted to fnfnile aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 B 12 16 20 24 28 32 `C -.4 .4 ".6 .8 /.0 1.2 /.4 16 1
Angle of otlock a (degrees) Lift coeffi'cient,C
FIUVSE 63.-N.A.C.A. 6308 airfoil.
St... Up.'r L'w'r. 1b /0

-6--- ./2 48
/.25 3.05 0
25 4.20 -1.38
U
yk y0 .// o x est No. 738 44
5.0 5.93 -1.56
Ll 7.26 - /.47 40 oo q 577
/0 9.36 -/. 29 0 20 40 60 80 /00
15 /0.03 - .83 Per cenl of chord do 40
20 //. 14 -40
25 /1.79 14
-.
30 /2.00 .00 44 09 36
40 11.69 .08
D 50 10.84 .23 G$
60 9.50 .35 2.0 .40
O 70 7.76 .39 .08 32,
90 5.62 .34 W
90 3.08 ./S
/00
95 1.66 .03 1.8 .36 w .07 28
o0 l00 (./2) (-./?j C
a 1.6 .32 0U 06 24'
W
G. C. Rd.: 158
S/ape ofrod'us
yn endof
28 0 0 chord: 6/I5
1.4 .2,9-, 0 .05 20'
3
24^ 20 C.p. /.2V.24' w .04 /6
L/D v '^
200 40 40 .208 o .03 /2:
q 0
o /sa 60 e`* ./s o .02 8'
0 0
o /2 u 8 0 .6X ./2
w
.O/ 4'
u
8'-/00 .4J.08 0 0
c
0 4v Ile -4'
U .2 .04 G
O C ll
v 0 0 w _2 C. -8
04
Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 6312 R.N.:3.f80,000 i
Ve1.(R../sec.): 68.5 .2 ou
size: 5"x30" -4 0.
Pres.(sfnd.otm):2/.0 Dote:12-22-31 c ' 3 Airfoil: N.A.CA. 6312 R.N.:3,180,000 -/2
- 8 u Where lested: L.MA.L. Test: V.D.T. 738 v _ Dole: /2-22 3/ Test: V. 0. 738 -/B
Corrected for tunnel-wa//effect -.4 0 ' 4 Corrected to infinile ospect rolio
-6 -4 O 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32 F -4 -2 n .2 .4 .6 .,9 LO L2 14 L6 1.8
Angle of attack, o: (degrees) Lift coefficient.0
FIOVAB 64.-N.A.C.A. e: W.H.
0
Sic. up'r. LM, U /0
/25 399 /.844 0

25 5.15 - _/0
SO ].OS -2.27
"3
75 948 -2.39 4 t0
0 20 40 60 BO 10
i/0 9.6] -236
/5 //.45 -2.13 Per cen ,fcha d 40
20 /2.60 -1.63
25 /3.25 1.62
-
30 /3.50 -/.50 .44 36
40 13.15 -/.37
U 5012.16- U§
60 r0.67 - .77 2.0 .40 o° 32
0 ]O 8.7/ -.50
BO 6.30 - .30 c
'w
90 a45 - .20
95 /.BJ-./J /.8 .36 28
/00 (./6J (- 0
/00 -
L.E. Rod.: 248
0 C /.6 .32 0 24
v 5/ape ofrod'us V u
28 0 0 through endof
chord.' 6//5
1.4 .28 o 20
v
3
24 0 2 0 c. p.
1.2x.24 /6
k v k
020;4 o L/D 1.0 ,v .20
U
p /6^6D 6^./6 0 6
l l O O
o l2ru 8 0 .6X./2 a° 4
k
8 0 /00 .4 .08 0
0 4v .2 .04 G 4
o u C
0 0 m
0 4 Airfoil. N.A. C.A. 6315 R.N:3,100,000
-8
C Size: 5"x30" 3el(0.1sec.): 69.7 U

Pres. (surd almJ:20.5 Dote:4-20-31 2
-4 4 /2
_ c Airfoil. NA.CA . 6315 R. N: 3100,000
_8 v _ Where tesled.- L.M.A.L. Test: V DT 578 _4 Fc Dole: 4-20-3/ Test: V D.T. 578 -16
Corrected for tunnel-wo/l effect Corrected to inf nice ospect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 2 4 R R /0 /2 14 /R IR
Angle of allocic, w (degrees) Lift coefficient. C
FIGURE 56.-N.A.C.A. 8316.11U1.
w o /0 2
uÔ
o -/0
0 20 4060 60 /00
Per cent ofchord 1 ./0
h
'z.e2 .44 .09 v
O 1.40 U
0 5
45 2.0 .40 ..08
e
v
D
V
0 .36
-./9l
LB .36 a
D
0
.5a 16 .32 0.06
v 0
Y'us C U
28 0 5f 1.4 .28 0,05
3 my
24 a c.R L2V .24'M x.04 160
k v `^ v
q 20 0
0l 16
i L/D
l.Ov,208 11.03--
U 4
.8^.16^ .02
l2c
k
0 0
0 /2 6Xk .12 .0/ 4
4y
U
90 .4' .08 0 03
Y 0
0 4N n
2 .04 -4 0
.0 U
v
DC W
0 O U 2 k _
C Airfoi/: NAC.A.6318 R.N:3080,000

Size:5"z30" V.Z(ft/sec.): 69.3 _
-40. P es. (sfnd.otm):2/.0 Dofe:4-20-3/ ' 2 .3 _/2e
Where tested: LMA.L. Test: VD.7.579 Dole: 4-20-31 rest: V. D. T. 579
Bu Corrected for funnel-//effect --4 .4 .4 Corrected to k7finite aspect ratio l
48 12 16 20 24 28 32 -.4 .2 .4 .6 .8 l.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
_?91' of attack. a (degrees' Lift coe ffcienf,C
Fcccaa 56.-N.A.C.A. 6318 airfoll.
Ito. Up'r. L'Owr. 1, o /0
/.25 5.70 -1.79 ul US O
2.5 7.20 -2.65 0 -/0
9.36 -363
5.0 11.03 .//
7.5 -4./5 0 20 40 60 80 /0
l0 12.35 -444
l5 14.26 -454 Per cent ofchord
20 15.54 -4.65
25 /624 -4.58 h
30 16.50 -450 .44 .05 36%
40 16.06 -4.25
D 50 14.64 -3.7/ l
60 12.99 -3.02 2.0 .40
G$
•.06 32 D
70 /060 -230
80 7.69 -1.60
90 4.22 - .90 v
ti 95 2.31 -.55 1.8 .36 . 0.07 28 21
( 22' ( 02) d
aC %00 1.6 .32 24
L. E. Rod.: 4.85 's
0.06
5/ape ofrad LS l
28 0 I
through end of C 1.4 .28-, 0.05 20-.v
chord: 6//5
va
24 wa 2 420.240 m.04 /6 p
cp m `^ v
q 20x4 i 10y.20 .03 2c
y ^ .0
o 16D6 LID
.BV./6o .02 8c
C ^ 0 0 0
o /2 B .6,Ù .12 .0/ 4^
0
8010 .4' .08 0 o^
0
0 4 .2 .04 -4 0
: o C
u C w
0 Qv 0 0 -.2 -8",
C Airfoil.•IV.A.CA.6321 R./V.:3/40.000 0u Q
-4 0. Si- 5'x30'Uel(ff./sec.): 69./ -.2 ^ -.3
Pres. (stird.otm):20B Dof-4-21-31 v AirfoiLNA.CA.6321 R.N:3,140,000
Wherefesd:LMA.L.
fe rest: V. D.r5B0 -.4 0-.4 FTT- R Dote: 4-21-31 7ez f: V. D.T 580 1_
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wol/effect Corrected to infinite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 6 12 16 20 24 2B 32 -. 4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 LO 1.2 /.4 l.6 1.8
Angle of atfacl, a (degrees) Lift coefficient C
FrooaE 57.-N.A.C.A. 6321 airfoil.

Se. u,.-,. L'W^. zD /0 .12 48

Z25 /.45 -.52 0
2.5 2/6 -.55 L,4 44
SO 3.32 -.36 y p-/0
7.5 4.24 -.06
/0 506.2B O 20 40 60 80 /6
/5 &J9.97 Per centofchord ./0 40
20 7.42 1.61
25 8.16 2./6
30 8.64 2.62 44 09 36
40 6.90 3.10
50 9.49 3.19
60 7.64 3.05
70 6.35 2.66 2.0 .40 U$ .0B 32.
0
ao ass 2.oz c
sa 2.59 /. u
w 95 /.3B 55 /.8 .36 .07 28
/00 (.061 (-.061
100 - o 1.6 .32 0U 24'
L.E. Rod.: 0.40 06
W
Slope
28 p 0 lhroughIf-d",C
120 /.4 .28- 0 .0$ 20
chord: 6/20
3
041, 20 1.2V .24
•v a
.04 /6
w v '^
q 20 o40 LOV.20u^ .03 /2'
/6160 A ./6 0 .02 0 8
4^ 12 u 80
.6U./2 O/ 4'
S
8 0 /00 4^ .08 0 0:
kc
° 4 u°
.o C .2 .04 C
u
04 0Oo
c Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 6406 R.N.:3,100,000 u
i
Size: 5"x30 •' Vel. (ft./sec.J: 69.2 -.2
-4 0. Pres. (stud. ofm.): 2/.0 'Dote: 8-31-31 Airfoi/: N.A.CA. 6406 R.N: $ /00,000 -/2
Where tested.• L.hLA.L. Test V.O.T. 65B v _ 4 Dote: 8-31-31 Test: U. D. T. 658 _16
-8 u Corrected for tunnel-wolf effect -.4 Corrected to infinite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of offock, a (degrees)
.4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 LO L2 /.4 1.6 1.8
Lift coeffic/ent, 6i
F-.. 66.-N.A.C.A. 6406 W.H.
S1a. up}. L'wY. C C /O
(25 206 -, 0BB U•C O
252.96-L// 40_/0
5.0 4.30 -/./B
5.421 O 20 40 60 80 /0
1 /0 .66 -/
/5 7.78 -.36 Per cenfofchord
20 966 ./7
25 965 69
3010.13 %/2 .44
40 /035 665
SO 9.B/ 486
60 8.78 1.92 2.0 .40
^p 70 7.28 L76
U 80 5.34 /.36
90 2.95 .74
95 /.57 35 C, 1.8 .36
0 /00 /.091 (-.09)
/00 O
L.E. Rod.: 0.89 1.6 .32
v S/ape ofrodius d
28 p 0 lhrough end pf /.4 .28 c
chord: sFzo
3 .w
24
0 20
p. /.2V .24
420040 40 . .20 u
p /6 60 A./6
./6
O O
£'2 71 80 .6 ° .12
8 0 /00 .4-'.08
o 4m .2 .04
.o °
l
0 O
C 04 Airfoil: NA.CA. 6409 R.N.:3,060,000
c Size: S"x30" 1/eL (f/./sec.): 698
-4
Pres.lst 3 otm):20.8 Date: 9-/-3/ -.2
u Where tested.• L.0 L. Test: l!D.T 659 -.4
8 Corrected for tunnel-wo//effect
-8 -4 O 4 8 /2 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of offock, a (degrees)
FILM. 69.-N.A.C.A. 64W .M.11.
9Yo. up 'r. Uw'r. C L /0

2 48
/25 273
25 3.60 -123 U C 0 00. Test No. 739
-1.64 h o_/0
SO 5.36
73 657
-/.99
-,?.
•// 000 660
to 7.58 -1.99 0 20 40 60 80 100
1S .A18 -1.67 Per cent ofchord ./0 40
20 /034 -1.25
25 11.14 -.76
30 11.65 - .38- .44 .09 36 v
4011.110 .20 4
O s0 /1.16 .55
60 9.95
70 6.23
.711
.65 2.0 .40 0.08 32 D
BO a .73 0
u 90 333 .39
LB .36 .07 28 t
9S /.79 /6
/./2) ('12) C .0
C
/00
L.E. Rpd.: 1.511 1.6 .32 0 .06 24 p
v 5 otrod/us
/ooe Ci u l
28 0 through end of 1.4 .28c O0 .05 20,
0 ^hord:s/zo
v^ v
24 20
M
/.2.24
ti
:0 v 04 16 p
v
420E40
y o LO 1.206 .03 12 c
U
16 60 e^./so .02 8
o q
o /2g 80 .6X./2
k
.0/ ^ 4
8 `0/00 .4 .08 0 0^
k c
0 4m 2 .04 C -4 0
.O
' C v
0R O 0 v
_, 2 C ^, _ 8 0`
C Airfoih N.A.C.A.64/2 R.N:3,090,000 U
Size: S VeG(f//sec.): 69.5 _, 2
-4 4
sf7dolm):20.8 Dote:12-22-31 e .3 Airfoi/NA.CA.
.• 6412 R.N.: 3,0917,000
12
Where tested•L.MA.L. Test: V D.T. 739
E0 -.4-- De:/2-22-31 Test: VD.T 739 _16
-B o Corrected for tunnel-wall effect _.4 1co _ -cfed to infinite os ect rofb
-8 -4 0 4 8 /2 /6 20 24 28 32 -4 .2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.O l.2 L4 L6 L8
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficienl,C
FIX 60. N.A.C.A. 6412airfoil.
$YO. Up'r. L'wr. 20

D
O - /. w p 10 ./2
225 345 -/.53 -1 0
4,4
SO 6.44 -2.2.13
2.5 4.67 -
]5 p 0
z9
/0
8.776 -ao6
s
0 20 40 60 BO /0
15 /0.556 o -2.97
20 /L6/ -267 Per cent of chord 0 0
25 12.64 -2.29
30 13.15 - L91 44 .09
W
v
50 1246 - .76
40 1325 -1.25
U
BO //. /O - .34 V$
r
706.70
80 9./6 -.04
.09
2.0 .40 -
N
.08 a
90 372 .04 1.8 .36 .u.07
ti 95 2.01 -.05
too 1'161 f-.16/
C III
L. E. Rod.: 2.48 1.6 .32 0.06

0 Slope ofra0 us Co u
28
through end of
0 chord: 6/20 1.4 .28 0.05
0 W
3
24 0 20 C. p. 1.2V.24Ê- x.04 /6 p
o k v
20 0 40 L/D /.0 .0 .20 0.03 /2'c
y ^ U
16; 60 .8'.16 0 .02 8'11
l l o O k
/2U 6 0 .6,', .12
k
.0/ 4s
0
h 8 0/00 .4'.08 0 Oo
` C
o 4v .2 .04 tj -4 o
o u a v
0Q 0 0 Q̀, -. 2 'B 0,
c Airfoil: NA.CA. 6415 R.N:3,060,000 U
e
-4 0. Si-5"x30" Vel(ft/sec.): 69.8 -/2
Pres.(sthdotm):208 Dofe:9-3-3/ v
ti Where fested.- L.MA.L. Test: V.D.T. 661 Dote:9-3-3/ Test:
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wolf effect -.4 0 -.4 Corrected to infinite aspect
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 .2 .4 .6 .8 LO 12
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient,C
Frovas 61. -N.A.C.A. 6416 airfoil.

0 0 ur / 0
1. 25 4.26 -1.92
25 7.62 -2.59 v.; O
3.0 7.53 -346 Cp
].5 9.99 -39/
l0 10.06 -4./5 0 20 40 60 60 /0
05 1202 -4.26 Per cent oFchord /0
20 /332 -4.0]
25 14./7 -3.75 h
30 14.64 -340 .44 36 m
40 14.70 -2.70
50 13.60 -205 l
60 1224 -447 2.0 .40
U^
32 U
70 7.40
60 /0.1/--.94
.54
u 90 4.12 - v
k 95 2.24 - .23 46 .36 .0 28 b
100 (./91 (-./9) .0
b /00 0 24 p
L E. Rod.. 3.56 C /.6 .32 0
l
v Slope ofrodius U° U
28 0 0 1hro3qh end of
chord: 6/20 1.4 .28-, o 20 u
3
.v a a
24 0 20 42V.24;^ v 16,
c.p. v k v
q20040 44 .20 8 12:c
.0 p a `c
o 16 O 60 L/D Bv.16^
0 a ^° o
o /2^8 0 .6X ./2 4r
k 0
8 v l0 0 .4 .68 00
n a
0 4u 2 .04 C -4 0
w
v
C _8 0
^0a Airfoil: NA.C.A.6418 R.N.:3.100,000
0 0 v0
Q
- 4 0. Size: 5"x30" Ve%(R../sec.): 69.4 2 c 2
Pres.(st'nd.ofm.): 20.6 Oate: 9-4-3/ 7: NA.C.A. 6418 R.N: 3.100,000
8u Where tesled: L M.A.L. Test: V.O.T 662 _4 e 9-4-31 Test. VO..T 662 _16
Corrected for tunnel-wo/t effect tied to infinite aspect rcho
-8 -4 0 48 12 16 20 24 28 32 -.4 .4 .6 .8 10 12 1.4 L6 7.8
Angle of attach, a (degrees) Lift Coefficienf.0
FIGURE 62 .-N.A.C.A. 6415.W.11.
Sta. up ". L' w 'r. `

0 - O y o /0 48
/.25 5.13 -208 Ur 0
25 6.60 -3.04 m 0 _/O .// 44
5.0 5.65 -4.16
7.5 10.24 -4.81
/O 1/.52 -5.18 0 20 40 60 80 t0
/5 /344 -552 Per cent ofchord 40
4
20 / .79 -5.49
25 1565 -523
30 16.15 -4.9/ 44 .09 36 y
40 /6.16 -416
U
50 /5.14 -3.40
60 13.44 -2.59
70 11.06 -/.93 2.0 .40 08- 32 D
S 80 8.06 -1.17 v
k
90 4.51 - .65
'95 246 - .42 18 .36 .0 .07 28 8
loo (.221 (-.221 .d
U /00 O AS .32 E3,06 24 0
W
L.E. Rad.: 4.85 u l
Slope of
ughradiuI C
28 p 0 Thro end of
chord: 6/20
1.4 .28 1 0.05 20 w
W
24 0 20 a .04 /6 0
w c. p. V ^ v k v
y20 0 4 0 LOy.20 03 12:c
8.c
616-1-6
0 L/D
.8x./60 .02
l , 01 a 4
a 12 ^ 8 0 .6w .12 .O/ 4^
0
B o t0tl .4'.08 0 00
Y
0 4.C .2 .04 G -. / -4 0
.o C 0
0 Qv O 0 k0 -.2 _8 P
.0
Airfoil: NA.C.A. 642/ R.N.:3,030,000 u
Q
4
14EE: 5"x30" Ve1.(fl./sec.): 70.5 .2 .3
Prss.(sf'7d.olm.):20.4 Ooie:9-4-31 Airfoit: N.A.CA. 6421
U Where tested: L.M.A.L.. Test: V.OT. 663 Dole: .9-4 -31 V O. T. 663
-8 Corrected far lunnel-wall effect -.4 F a._ 4 Corrected to infnits os
-8 -4 O 48 12 /6 20 24 28 32 -.4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 10
Angle of offpch, a (degrees) Lift coefficient. C
FIGURE 63. -N.A.C.A. 6421 airfoil.
s . Up ^. G' Y'. D /O
0 ./2
1.25 1.36 - .60 C0
2.5 2.00 - .70 0 _l0
50 301 -.62
7.5 3.65 - .43
O
/0 4.58 - . l9 20 40 60 60 / 00
15 5.76 .37 Per centofoh-d ./O
20 6.74 .95
25 7.49 /.51
30 8.06 2.03 36
40 6.66 264 44 .09
v 50
60
8.65
8.06
3.35
3.48
70 6.69 321 2.0 .40 Ci.09 32
80 5.17 L52 W
U 90 2.90 1.43 /.8 .36.07
95 /.57 73 ?6 ^
100 (.06) (-.06)
/00 - 0 /.6 .32 0.06 ?4 p
v L.E. Rod.: 0.40
V u l
,,, ,he ndof 44 28C 0.05 ?0
chord: 6125 C
1,111
04 0 200 42, .24û \y',.04 /6p
k LD c. p. v
0120040 1.q.2004.03
U
01660 .d .160 .02
12 80 .6U.12 .0/ 4,
60/0 .4'4 .08 0
04u C .2 .04 yr
s
.v u m
lC ^
0Q 0 0 -.2 8
C
Airfoi/:N.A.C.A.6506 R.K:,$17Q000 0u
-4 0. Size: 5"x30" Ve/. (R./sec.): 68.5 -2 e-3
Pres.(stnol-):2/./
d. Date:4-23-31 -foil: N.A.C.A. 6506 R.N: $170,000 -/2
Where tested: L.MA.L. Test. • V.O.T. 586 4 te: 4-23-31 Test: V D.T. 586 _/8
-8 v Corrected for tunnel-wall effect rrected to infinite aspect ratio
-6 -4 0 4 8 /2 16 20 24 28 32 4 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 1.2 /.4 L6 1.8
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficient,'C
FIOME 64.-N.A.C.A. 8608 airfoil.
s11. up'r. L'w'r. c

0 - 0 v o /0
1.25 /.93 - .99 t 0
2.5 2.75 - 1 .27
3.59 -445 Ca0
50
7.5 4.97 -/.34
45 O 20 40 60 60 /G
/ O 5.62 -L
/5 7.18 -.96 Per cenl ofchord
20 8.22 - . 9
30 3.56 .5/ .44
4010.11 /.39
50 9.97 2.03 V
60 9.20 2.34 2.0 .40
O 70 7.81 2.30
80 5.85 1.87 W
U 90 3.29 /.07
95 /.78 53 C l6 .36 u
0 /00 (.09) (-.09)
a / 0 0
v LT Rod.: 0.89 16 .32 0
5/ape ofrodius G °
28 'b 0 chord: 6
/hrough endoi
25
1.4 .28-, 0
N U
3
24 0 20 L2V.24 ^- /6
p. y v`
20 a 40 /.Ov.20^ o /2
V u U^
p /8 1t 60 6 /6° 8
0 0
a /2 u 80 .6u./2 4
8"0 100 .4'.08 0
C x
°o 4uU .2 .04 C
OQv 0 0 y
.c Airfoil:NA.C.A.6509 R.N.:3,110.000 0
Size: 5"x30" Ve1.0../sec.): 69.4
-4, Pres.(51'ld. 11-120.6 Dote: 422-3/ -.2
Where tested.• I'll"L. Tes1:VD.T.585 v Dote:
-8 Corrected for funnel-wo/l eff ct -.4 a
Angle of oNock, a (degrees)
-8 -4 O 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -.4 -
L 1ff coetfiaenf, c^
Fmvaa 86 .-N.A.C.A. 8600 airfoil.
20
5fa LPL-. RLI 1111
a -
tzs 2n -/..la
o 46
25 356 -/.82 .// o a x Test M

44
SO 5.02 -226 w -/o
yo eoo
75 613 -2.43 O 20 40 60 80 /6
/O 7.06 -2.45
15 857 -2.27 Per cenf ofchord 40
20 9.69 -1-91
25 /650 -1.47 1
3011.07-
4011.6- .06
.98 .44 .09 36%
U so 229 7/ d
60 1035 i.21 2.0 .40 G.08 32
70 876 L39
BON 6.5 I.24 C
-°C
90.72 1.8 .36 .u.07 28 e
O w .O
Ioo o 24 p
c L. E. ROd.: I.SB 1.6 .32 0.06
l
W 5roae ofrodis V U
28t D Through end of
chord: 6/25
1.4 .2B 0.05 20 u0
•v D
24 ,420 c.p. .2 24 x.04 /6 0
L/D vk v
^20i4D 110 4.03 /2.c
v
a
o I6g 60 .8v.1.6 .02
0 0 k
o B0 .68w ./2 .0/ 4y
u
Bolo0 .4'.08 0 0x
a 0
°0 4u C, .2 .04 -4 0
v
0Q 0 0 w0 -.2 -B
C Airfoil.• N.A.C.A.6512 R.N.:3,180.000 Q
size: 5'x30" Vel.(ft./sec.): 68.6
-4 0.
P es.(sfndolm):20.9 Dote: /2 23-3/ -.2 u -.3
v
Where lesled: L.M.A.L. Test: V D.T.740
-8 Correcied for lunnel-11 effect -.4 /2-23-31
sled to infinite as
-8 -4 0 4 8 /2 16 20 24 28 32 F -4 .4 .6 .8 /.0
4ng/e of attack, a (degrees) Lift coeff/cieni,C
Fiaass 66 .-N.A.C.A. 8613 ailfb 1.
S^ OPr LW r.
l0
125 3.26 -1.68 U 0
2.5 4.40-2.33 4,4 _/0
S. 0 604 -3.04 p
Z5 0 20 40 60 80 /L
15 8.34-355
297 -3.56 Per cent ofchord
20 11.14 -3,33
2S12.00 -295
30 /259 -249 .44
40 13.00 -1.52
b 5012. 2- .62
0
60/450
70 9.69 .49
.0e
2.0 .40
ZU 80 7.22 .60
90 405 .36 /.8 .36
0 /00 (:/5i (-JS) Ci
aC /00 - o /.6 .32
N L.C. Rod.: 246
28
D 0 t ough ^dof /.4 .281
CS
chord: 6/25
v
3
24 L. c. p. L2 Ci.24cvo-
w v
N20040
LID,
/.0 y.20°
v
16 60
^ t 0 0
o /2 80 .6 °./2
k
8'.100 .4' .08
a n
° 4u
.o
.2 .04
OQ 0 0
C Airfoi/..NA.CA.6515 R.N:3,100,000
Size: S"x30" Ve1.(ff./sec.): 69.4
v
Pres.(sthd.otm.J:20.11 Dofe: 4-22-3/ -.2
Where lesled•L. .40 Test: V.DT. 583 -.4
-B Correcfed for tunneFwof/effect
-6 -4 O 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, a (degrees) Lift coefficienf,C
FIOU88 87.-N.A.C.A. 8616 slRoll.

w^ /o ./2 48
u °c 0
C o -/0 EFFF 44
0 20 40 60 60
p
er cent ofchord 40
zss 44 / 0, 1
^0
/, C 36
Ls4
a Los 2.0 .40 1 .08
.41 °p 32
05 0
U S /.B .36
w
-
07 ° 28
v 0B1 C
56 l.6 .32 0.06 24
m dlls
28 0 Sf 14 .281 0.05 ZO
w a
24 0 I
c. P.
I
II I 1.2V .24 x.04 /6
k k
m
N'0o
Pf
/.0 4 .20 ^.03 /2
u u,
0 16^ .02 0 8'
t ^ 0 4
u .6'./2 0/ 4
k 8 0/ .4'.08 0 0:
0 4 vu
C
.2 .04
o
l
02 0 0 v-.2 Cw-8
C Airfoi/: NA.C.A. 65/6 1?.1:3, IOQ000 o
-4 R Size: 5"x30" Ve%(ft./sec.//: 693 _ 2
-8 u
Pres.(sti]dolm):20.8 D&.%1_31
w_' 3 Airfoi/.•N.A.CA. 65/6 R.N:3,/00,000 -/2
Where tested.-L.M.A.L. Test:VD.T. 582 Dote:4-21-31 Test., V.O. T. 582 -16
Corrected for tunnel-wall effect 4 '4 Corrected to infinite aspect ratio
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 ..2 0 .2
ng/e of a//ock, a (degrees)
.4 .6 .8 /0 /.2 /.4 /.6 t.8
Oft coeff/clent,C
r'. 68.-N.A.C.A. 6618 airfoiL
5^ . UP'n L'^ r. ^ a Ô•

/.25 4. ]5 -222 ^1Q 0
2S 6.17 -3.26 R 0-/0
SO 6.20 -450
75 9. ]0 -524 O Per
20 cent
40 ofchord
60 80 /6
/o 10.93 -57/
/512.79
2014.10 -6./3
/0
-.6.14
25 /505 -59Z
3015.60 N
-553
-444 44 .09 36 m
4015.63
5015. 27 -3.27 l
601181 -220 2.0 .40 V^..06 32 a
O 70 1457 -/.30
80 6.59 - .6B
U 90 4.B5 - .32 /.8 .36 x.07 28
k 95 2.67 - .23
%0000
(22) (:22) .o
L.E. Rod.: 4.65 C /.6 32 0.06 24 p
6/ope of radius U° u l
z6 1 / eo endof /.4 .28 0.05 ED'.
chord: 6/25 v
24 l 21 /.2 V .24 v.04 /68-
c.p.
020041 L0^.20U x.03

u R
/6^ & .02
0
o 12 1u Bi L/D
.6 U .12 .01 4^
u
B 0 /0, 4`1 .08 0 00
0
0 4u .2 .04 40
.o v
04 0 Q 0 -.2
Airfoil: N.A.CA. 6521 R.N.:3,080,000
_4'0.r Size: 5"x30" Vel.(fi!/sec.): 69.8 _.2 U
C_3
Pres.(sfnd.ofm):20.6 Dote: 4-21-31 Airfoi/. N.A.C.A. 6521 R.IV:3,080,000
-8 u Where tested: LM.A.L. Test- VD.T 58/ 4 Dote: 4 2/ 3/Test: VAT 581
Corrected for tunnel-wall effect Corrected to infnite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -4 - 0 .2 .4 .6. 8 /.0 12 1.4 16 l
Angle of oiiock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient.
Fmm. 68.-N.A.C.A. 6521 M doiL
S" UPr. L'110 ^/

/.25 2.45 -1.43 M0
2.5 3.41 -L94
So 4.78 -247
to
75 5.64 -270 Co
/0 6.70 -278 O 20 40 60 80 /0
15 &// -269 Per cent ofchord
20 9.17 -2.41
25 9.95 -200
3010.51 -1.5/
4011.14 -.49 .44
50//./3
so/ 53
0
0.56 1.44
70 9.33 L98 2.0 .40
BO 7.19 /.90 C
U 90 4./6 /./9
95 2.28 .60 /.8 .36
/00 (./L (-.l2/
/00 O 1.6 .32
c L. C. ROd.: L58
N Slope Ifrpdius
/h .-
28 p 0 chord: 6130 of
end 1.9 .28 C
,d
3
24 L. L2V.24
Q p. v
LID
20 0 40 /.O y.20
/6 60
o rJ
o /2.g 80 .6'./2
q,-/00 ix I
.4'.06
c
0 4v C .2 .04
o u
N 0 0
R 04 Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 66/2 R.N.:.1250,000
C Size: 5"x30" Vel.(N./sec.): 68.0
-4 0.
Pres. W s 7d.otm.): 21.0 Dote:/2-28-3/ -.2
Ci Where tested.• L.A.L.
M Test.• D.T. 741 -.4
-8 Corrected for funnel-wall effect
-8 -4 0 4 8 l2 16 20 24. 28 32
Angle of ot/ock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient.
Fl°II88 70.-N.A.C.A. 6812.11M.
44
U 40
0
s
u 36
ti
0
U .32
C
v V
28 p '28-,
3 v
24 0 V .24•^
w
k v
v.20a
N 20 u p,
0 16 ^ v./60
O ^
O O
o /2 u
u /2
V
k 8° .08
° 46 .04
OQv 0
C
-4 0.
U
-8
Angle of oltock a (degrees) Litt coeff/'aent,C

F1Qv v 71.-N.A.C.A. 6712 e4(oll.

cD
u
-2.55 Per cent ofchord

2.62
-296
-3.00 .44
287
a -ass
-2.1s 2.0 40
0
s
-1.70
- /.22
u
k0 _ '33 /.8 36
(-.061
D
cv o.o/o 1.6 .32
ti
28 ^ /.4 .28`C
3 v
24 0 c.p. /.2 V .24
k
q 20p L/D
LO• w .20 u
C 'u o•
0/60 Bv.16o
0 0
a /2 u .6 0 ./2
G
6 0, 4' 08
w
2 .04
o ° 4 u
^ 0
0 0
04 Airfoil: N.A.C.A.0006T R.N.:3,180,000
c
-4 0. Size: 5"k30" uel.(ft./sec.): 68.7 -2
Pres.(sti7d.o/m):20.8 Doie:4-8-31
Where fested•L.MA.L. Test:VD.r 554 _ 4
8v
Corrected for tunnel-wall effect
0 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack. a (degrees) L ifl coefficient, C,
Ftoo z72. -N.A.O.A. 0006T airfoil.
6fo. w, Lm, ./2

/.25 /.42 - q2 u c° 0
26
S.0
7.5
/0
/5
1.65
2.30
2.54
2.69
2.87
-1.85
-2.30
-2.54
-269
-28]
O
ERR 20 40 60 80 /0.
Per centofchord
./t
.t0
20 296 -2.96 no
25 3.00 -3.00
30
40
3.00
296
-3.00
-2.96 .44 .09 W
50 2.79 -2.79 Q
60 2.49-2.49 '.0 .40 1 .08
-204 D
i 70 2.04
80 /.46 -/.46
90 .77 -.7]
W
95 4/ - .41 !8 .36 ^.07 b
0 tD0 (.06) (-06)
too 0 0
cN L. E. ROd.: /.19 !6 .32
^q U
0.06
28 ^ ! 1.4 .26 0.05

3 . ,v
24 a 2i !2V.241^- m.04 /6 8
v
y 2 i4t LOv.20 0 /2
U a
.evo .lsp O .02
M
o .6 ./2 .0/ 4,^
80/0i .4".08 0 Cw 0
k c x
° 4uL a 2 .04 G-./ -4 0
.o v
Oy 0 0 0 -.2 -6 a
.c .A. 00068 RN.:3.090,000 °u e
" M(H./sec.): 69.5
-4 R
tm.):20.8 Dote:4-8-3/ '2 c .3 Air. foil. N.A.C.A. 0006B R.N.:.X6
d.L.M.A.L. Test: l!D.T.556
'•4-4 Dote: 4 -8 31 Test: Y 6 556
-8 u Por funnel-wall effect Corrected to infinite aspect ro:
- a -4 V 4 c4 ca Jc .4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 l.0 12 14
Angie of oHccA. a (degrees) Lift coefficient, Q
FlomtE 76.-N.A.O.A. 00068 abfolL
sfo. upr. cwr. a "

0 0 0 /o 48
125
as 1.25 -12s
L88 -188 lU
0 -/0
5.0
7.5
266 -gas
3.6/ -361 4 44
/O4.21 -421 0 20 40 60 80 /L 7
/5 5.09 -509
20 S.
5.64 -.464
Per cent olchord 40
25 -5.92 1
30 6.00 -600
40
50
5.75 -5.75
5// -5.//
44 .09 360
60 4.29-4.29
70 339 -339 2.0 .40 <.08 32 U
80 2.43-,.43
u 90 f.37 -137 W
0
95
/oo i
(a2
78 -.78 1.8 .36
w
28 i
Lao 0 0 0
v L.E.ROd: 0.40 16 .32 0.06 24
V U l
28 0 0 /.4 .28 < 0.05 20 m
c.p. • a
24 ^ 20 42U.24* -W.04 /6p
m '^
V20 0 40 1.01.20$ x.03 12^
L/D u u
.8 .16 c
U 16 60 .02
0 a
12$ BO .6'.12 .O/ 4^
U
8 /00 .4.08 0--. O^
x 0
0
.o 4 V C .2 .04 -4 0
k v
Airfoih N.A.CA. 00127 R.N.:3.120,000 0 0 0U -.2
0y
.c Si- 5"x30" e
_4 4 Ve/.(fL/sec.): 69.5
ti
P es.(sti+d.otm):20.5 Dole.' 4-3-31 v
Where ies7ed L.M. A.L. Test: V D.T. 548 Dole: 4-3-3/ Test: U. D. T. 5481
-8 Corrected for tunnel-walleffect -.4 1-.4--- Corrected to inf'niie aspect ratio j-
-8 -4 O 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -.4 .2 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.O 1.2 44 L6 1.8
Angle of attach, a (degrees) Lift coefffcient.0
Fioasa 74-N . A.C.A. 0012T SW0.
c l /o 2 48
125 ze4 -1 e4 0 -
25 3.69 -3.69 y -10
50 4.59 -4.59 Ra 44
75 S.5.08 -5.06 0 20 40 60 80 1C 7
10 S. -536
f5 -574 Per cent ofch.rd ./0 40
20 592 -5.92
25 6.00 -600
30 6.00 -6. 0 .44 .09 36
40 593 -5.93 CPo
50. 5.59 -559 V$
60 4.07
4.98 -4.96 2.0 .40 - .08
0 70
80 2.91
- 4.07
-2.91
32
90 1.55 -1.55 W
u 95 63 -83 /.B .36 .0 .07 28
0 100 ( ..12)
(-.. /2)
D loo 0 0
f.6 .32 0U t06
v L.E.Rod.: 360 24
L<
28 Do 0 1.4 .28-, o .05 20
c.p. ma
24 w0 20 /.2V .24* v .04 6
v ':
20040 401 .20 0 .03-- /2
0 /6 D 60 .8x./60 .02 ° 8'
0 0
a /2 u 80 w
.0/ 4
w
8 /00 0 .4^ .08 0
C .ro 0.
^. c
0 u 4
Ca
.2 .04 -4
v
0V 0 0 m -.2 -8'
.c Airfoil: N.A.C.A.00128 R.N.:3.060.000 oU
Size: 5"x30" Ve/.(ft..Isec.)_ 70./ 2
4 0. Pres.(sthd.otmf:20.3 Date: 4-3/
Where tested: LM.A.L. Tesf: V. D.T.550 _4
c '3 A/rf0lL• NA.CA. 00/28 R.N.:3.080,000 -I2
-8 v -4 Dole: 4-4-3/ Tesf:V. D. T. 550 _/6
Corrected for tunnel-waf/effect Corrected to Infinite aspect rotio
-8 -4 0 4 8 /2 16 20 24 26 32 -.4 :2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 40 /.2 44 l.8 1.8
Angle of attach, a (degrees) Lifl coefficient,C
Rama 76.-N.A.C.A. 00128 airfoil.

Sro. Up'r L'wr
25 283 -2.83 U
SO
Z5
4.28 -4.28
5.4/ -.£4/ R p -/D
to 6.32 - 6.32 0 20 40 60 80 /O
/5 164 -7.64 Per centofchord
20 8.46
25 B.88 -8.88
30 9.00 -846
-9.00
40 662 -8.62
.44
U 50 767 -761
0
60 6.44 -6.44
70 S09 -5.09 2.0 .40
t B0 3.65 - 365
U 90 205 -205
o 95 /./7 -1.17 /.8 .36
0 l00 (./B) !-.7Bi
/o0 0 0 /.6 32
c
N L. E. Rad.: O.B9
z8 ° 1 C 1.4 .281
c. p. v
24021 2,j. 04
k v
LID
V 20o4i /.0120U
u a
o /6 & 8 = ./6 v
^ t 0 0
a /2 t 8 .6X./2
r U
8,/0 .4 .08
0 4v .2 .04
O U C
0 0
04 Airfoi/NA.CA: 00/BT R. N:3,/50,000
C Size: S"x30" Ve%(ft./sec./: 69.2
4 0. Pres.(sfndatin):20.6 Dofe:4-7-3/ -.2
u Where tested:L.MA.L. Test:VOT 552 -.4
-8 Corrected for tunnel-watt effect
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack. a (degrees) Lift coefficient,C
F/evas 78.-N.A.C.A. 081ST slrfolL
â
i^
30 sod -9. 0 ,44

40 8.89 -6.69
50 6.36 -BAS
60 Z47 -7.47 2.0 .40 -
0
.0
70 6.11
80 4.37
-6./1
-437 ,N
U 90 2.32 -2.32 /6 ,36 U.
4. 95(.78)
/0o 1.24 -1.24
o (-.16)
a /00 0 0 /,6 .32 q U0
L.E.Rad.:]. /5
C V
ZB O 1.4 .28%
y
24 l 20 ap. L2^.24
N 20 0 40 L/D
411 40,^ .20
P
0 /6a 60 .e Q)
o O
12. 80 .6U./2
00 -
6 0 /00- .4-.06
a 4
C .2 .04 C
.o
p4 0 0 y
Airfoi/: N.A.CA. 00188 R.N.:3,180,000 0
'C Size: S'k30 1, Vel-(ft/sec): 692 - 2 0
Prey. (sfnd. otm):20.3 Dote: 4 - 6 - 31
u Where tested.•L.M.A.L. Test: V.D.T 551
-6 Corrected for tunnel-wall effect _ •4
-8 -4 0 4 6 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack. a (degrees)
-
Frayse 77. N.A.O.A. 0018B elrfolL
Sto up'r. L.-r, 20

_ E /o 2 48
,. 0 57 iO
2.53./0 -2./7 yy,_/0
5.0 4.29 -286 o 44
75 5.16 -a28 O 20 40 60 80 / 00
/O 5.84 -3.57
15 6.82 -3.88 Per cent ofchord ./0 40
20 747 -402
25 7.82 -4.06
30 796 -402
N
40 776 -3.84 .44 .09 36 w
50 7.03 -355 l
60 5.94
4.61
-3.16 20 .40 c.06 L"a, 32
70 -2.72
u BO 316 -2./0
90 1.63 -4,26 /.8 .36 ll.07 28 21
0 95 .87 - .74
/00 (.13) (-.13)
/00
i 0
rz 0
w L. E. Rod56
.: /. C L6 .32 o.06 24 0
Slope of ivdius C
28 0 through end of l.4 .28- .OS 20 m
u chard: O. /3/
24, 20 c.p. 42V.24 iô y.04 /6p "
k C
q 20Q40 L/D /. 0,§ .20 ^.03 124-c•
o /6^ 60 .A.16 .l6 .02 8'^
12280 .6.120 .0l 4
u
6 -/00
_ .4".08 0 LLJ 1
0
$ °
°o 4u^ C .2 .04 C,H -4 0
v
04 0 O w -.2 -g a
.c Airfoil: NA.CA.2R/2 R.N.:3,260000 u e
- 4 0. Size: 5°x30" 3el.(f1./sec.): 68.3 -.2
u
Pres. (sthd. otm):20.6 Dote:2-26-32
Where tested.' L.M.A.L. Tess: VD.T. 764
-•3 Airfoil.' N.A.C.A. 2R, 12 AR. 3,260, 000 -l2
-8 Corrected for tunnel-wo//effect _ .4 _ •4 Dote: 226 32 Test: V D. T. 764 -l6
Corrected to infinite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 /6 20 24 28 32 -4 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 12 /.4 1.6 1.8
Angle of atlock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient, C
Fro- 78.-N.A.C.A. 211 1 I2 airfoil.
Sta. Up'r. L'w'r. 20

O 230
JS - -/.52
OvO F k /0O 48
2.5316 -2.10 4w-/O

S'' -276
' -3.17 44
7.5 5.29
10598 -a42 0 20 40 60 80 00
156.97 -3.74 Per centofchord ./0 40
20
Z56-3
25 791 -3.97
30800 -400
40 7.63 -a96
44 .09 36
D 506.73 -.867
60 S49 -a66 2.0 .40 -.oe
44l
O 704. -3.27
60- / -2.64
32 a
U W
90 1.26 -1.63
95 .66 -.95 48 .36 ^ .07 OOp 28
a 10 (.0 (-.13)
100 O - 1.6 .320".06 8 24 0
v L.E.itod.: /.SBC
28 0 0 !h /ôu endof /.4 .28 .05---20t
chord: O. 153
24 0 20 C.P.
1.2V .24w y.04/6no
a
L/D mk
20 p 40 u
1 .20
1.0 .w o °x.03
V u o C a° k
p /6D 60 .8./60 .OZ 8^
o l2 80 .6 .12 .0/ q^
0
u
8'-/00 .4'1 .06 0 00
= o
0 4v .2 .04 vr -. / C .i.
o u 0 3 -4o
v
0Q 0 O "Q:) -.2 _g a
c Airfoil: N.A.CA. 2R2/2 R.N.:3,130,000 o U Q
Size: S"x30" sec.): 69.4 .2
4 4
Pres.(stnd otm.J:20.5 Ye'TI
Dole: 2-26-32 3 Airfoi/.-NA.CA. 2RZ 12 R.N:3,130,000 -l2
-8 u Where tested-L.R.A.L. Test: l!D.T. 765 w Date: 2-26-32 Test: V. D. 765 _/6
Corrected for tunnel-wol/effect -.4 0 -.4 Corrected to inf/Hite aspect ratio
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 04 -2 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 1.2 /.4 /.6 1.8
Angle of atlock, a (degrees) Lift coefficient,C
Flovaa 79,-N.A. C.A. 2Rt12 airfoil.
48
0 0 0 0 0 o+x NA.C.A. 0012E
L251.9 -1.99 /.89-/.89 10
25 261 -261 2.61 -26/ 0 00 0012E $4
50 .55 -3.55 3.55 -3.55 O 20 40 60 BO 100
10 20 -4.20 4.20 -4.20 I0
/0469 - 4.69 4.68-4.69 Per centofcha'd /(
/55.35-5.35 5.35 -535
205.74 -574 5.74-5.74
360)I
255.94 -594 594 -594 .44 .D:
30.00 -.00 .00 -6.00
0 40 .74 -55.74 5.74-5. 74 C L1$
p 50 .3/ -4.3/ 4.31-4.31 2.0 .40 -.01 3z o
t 60 /.96 -/.96 /.96-/96 Q
70 .So - .50 .50-50 W
90.50- .50- .4/ -/.43 /.6 .36 .0;
O 90 .50 - .50 -3.23 4.30
95 5 - .50 -45-6.5
5. 7 X8.0'
se i- /.6 .32 0.01 04 '4 0
98.79 U oe
0011501(-.591
28 0 GO
O E.Rnd. ^.5e C 1 /4 .28-- ^.0: ?0 t
240 20 c.p. /. a.24v ro.0, 162
^ C.P . _ vk m
20 40 .20 o!o
/z ^c
/660 .8 v.16o .0;

o a a
o 12 ^ 80--t- .6 ./2 4,Y
u
6 0/00 .4 .08 00
0 40 e C .04 4t
v
0 4m \
0 4:_ '' C 8 ^'
NA .CA.0012 0 8 0012F R. N: 3,230.000 0 •^
-4 0. 5Ve%(ft/sec.):
"x30" 68.1 U ./2e
Pres.(sti7dotm.):210 Dote:7(V 14-32 `^c N. AC 002 a80012F, I R.N.:3,230,000
u Where tested. L.MA.L. VD.T. 7519753 Da1e: 1-(9812)-32 Test: I D.T 751 8 753
Corrected for tunnel-wall effect -•' Corrected to infinite ospectmtio /6
-4 0 4 8 /2 /6 20 24 28 32 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 /.0 1.2 /.4 /.6 /.8 ZU

Angle of ottock. a (degrees) Lift coefficient, C
FIGURE 80 .-N.A.C.A. 0012Fo and 0012F, aufoas.
PRECISION largely eliminated during the later tests. For this

A general discussion of the errors and corrections report, however, the effect of the error from this source
involved in airfoil testing in the variable-density tunnel has been minimized by repeating the tests of many of
is included in reference 8. In connection with this the airfoils, including all of the symmetrical series
report, it was hoped that a more specific discussion of originally reported in reference 2.
the various sources of error and separate estimates of The magnitude of all such accidental errors was
the various errors might be given. However, after a judged from the results of repeat tests of many
careful study of all the measurements it became airfoils, and from the results of approximately 25
apparent that practically all the errors may be regarded tests of one airfoil that were made periodically through-
as accidental; that is, of the type the magnitude of out the investigation to check the consistency of the
which may best be estimated from the dispersion of the measurements. The accidental errors in the results
results of independent repeat measurements. The presented in this report are believed to be within the
major portion of these errors is caused by insufficient limits indicated in the following table:
sensitivity of the balance and manometers, by the a t 0.15o
personal error involved in reading mean values of
slightly fluctuating quantities, and by the error due to 0.01
CLmax - 0.03
slight surface imperfections in the model. The last is f 0.003
perhaps the most serious source of error. The models Cm,
were carefully finished before each test, but the pres- CD1(CL=0) 0.0006
V 1 -0.0002
ence of particles of hard foreign matter in the air stream 0.0015
tended to cause a slight pitting of the leading edge of CD0 ( CL -1) - 0.0008
the model during each test. This pitting was probably
the major source of error in connection with the earlier In addition to the consideration of the accidental
tests, but it was reduced for the later tests when the errors, all measurements were carefully analyzed to
necessity of a more careful inspection of each model consider possible sources of errors of the type that
was appreciated. After a considerable period of would not be apparent from the dispersion of the
running the particles in the tunnel were found to be- results of repeat tests. A rather large (approximately
come lodged, permitting this source of error to be 1.5 percent) error of this type is present in all the air-
velocity measurements resulting from a reduction in For the purpose of comparing the results from differ-
the apparent weight of the manometer liquid when the ent wind tunnels and of applying these results to air-
density of the air in the tunnel is raised to that cor- planes in flight, it is also necessary to consider the
responding to a pressure of 20 atmospheres. The effects of air-stream turbulence. In air streams having
effects of this error, however, are reduced by the pres- different degrees of turbulence, the value of the
ence of another error in the air-velocity measurements Reynolds Number cannot be considered as a sufficient
due to the blocking effects of the model in the tunnel. measure of the effective dynamic scale of the flow
The measured coefficients, obtained by dividing the The airfoil characteristics presented in this report were
measured forces by %pV 2 , as well as the derived coef- obtained at a value of the Reynolds Number of approx-
ficients are, of course, affected by errors in the air- imately 3,000,000, which corresponds roughly to the
velocity measurement. Aside from this source of Reynolds Number attained in flight by a medium-
error, it is believed that only two other sources need sized airplane flying near its stalling speed. Consid-
be considered: first, the deflection of the model and eration of the effects of the turbulence present in the
supports under the air load; and second, the inter- variable-density tunnel (see references 11 and 12) leads,
ference of the airfoil supports on the airfoil. The however, to the belief that these results are more
angle of attack and the moment coefficient are affected nearly directly applicable to the characteristics that
by the deflection of the airfoil and supports. The would be obtained in flight at larger values of the
error in angle of attack, which is proportional to Reynolds Number.
Cmcl,, was found to be approximately —0.1° for an N./2
oma
,ar tSymmetrii al ai^R!
foi i I I 27 per rodlan
04 x 4%
Vy + 6%
ro
0
° Maximum thickness in per cent of chord Camber position in fraction of chord
F1aunE 81.—Variation of liftcurve slope with thickness. (Abscissa of maximum mean-line ordinate)
FIGURE 82.—Variation of lifGcurve slope with camber. Results for 12 percent thick
airfoil having a moment coefficient of —0.075. The airfoils.
error from this source in the moment coefficient is
DISCUSSION
inappreciable at zero lift, but at a lift coefficient of 1
may amount to —0.001. The errors resulting from The results of this investigation are here discussed
the support interference are more difficult to evaluate, and analyzed to indicate the variation of the aero-
but tests of airfoils with different support arrangements dynamic characteristics with variations in thickness
lead to the belief that they are within the limits indi- and in mean-line form. For the analysis of the effect
cated in the following table: of thickness, test data from consecutive tests of airfoils
« ±0.05° having different thicknesses and the same mean-line
0.00 form are used. The analysis of the effect of the mean-
CLmax — 0.02 line form is made with respect to consecutive tests of
Cmcl4
10.001 airfoils of the same thickness (12 percent of the chord)
CDa(CL=0) f 0.0002 and related mean-line forms. The results are com-
1 0.0000
CDa (CZ =1) ±0.0010 pared, where possible, with the results predicted by
thin-airfoil theory, a summary of which is presented
The tunnel-wall and induced-drag corrections ap- in the appendix.
LIFT
plied to obtain the airfoil section characteristics might
also be treated as sources of systematic errors. Such Lift curve.—In the usual working range of an air-
errors need not be considered, however, if the section foil section the lift coefficient may be expressed as a
characteristics are defined as the measured character- linear function of the angle of attack
istics with certain calculated corrections applied.
Errors in the tunnel-wall corrections, however, should CL =ao (ao — aaa)
be considered when the results from different wind where a n is the slope of the lift curve for the wing of
tunnels are compared. For consideration of these infinite aspect ratio and a Le is the angle of attack at
errors, the reader is referred to references 9 and 10. zero lift.
The variation of the lift-curve slope with thickness given mean line without altering the camber position.
is shown in figure 81. The points on the figure rep- The theory also predicts an increased negative angle
resent the deduced slopes as measured in the angular as the position of the camber moves back along the
range of low profile drag. These results confirm chord. The experimental values are compared with
previous results (reference 1) in that they show the the theoretical values in figures 83 and 84. The ex-
lift-curve slope to decrease with increasing thickness.
The camber has very little effect on the slope, as 003 0 43 o63
indicated in figure 82, although a rearward movement 024 0 44 0 64
of the position of the camber tends to decrease the 0 25 0 45 0 65
lot
a.9t
u, X 63
E v, a
v o
av `64
v^
g14.& y
a,
v
i
65
Comber position in froction of chord
fAbscisso of maximum --line ordinate) 704 8 12 16 20 24
FIGURE 83.—Variation of angle of zero lift with camber. Points shown are for 12
Maximum thickness in percent of chord
percent thick airfoils. Curves indicate general trends for the different thick- Francs 84.—Variation of angle of zero lift with thickness. Numbers refer to mean-
nesses. camber designation.
/.f
/. E
I
/.5
/.e b
/.t
CL_ ° 'Symmefrfcol series
.t
2% mean camber 4%mean camber 6Z mean

0 23 series o 43 series
x 24 •• x 44 ••
+ 25 + 45
04 6 /2 16 20 4 8 /2 16 20 4 8 e 16 20 24
FmURE 85.—Variation of maximum lift with thickness.
slope slightly. Table II gives the numerical values of perimental values lie between 100 and 75 percent,
the slope in convenient form for noting the general approximately, of the theoretical values, the depar-
trends with respect to variations in thickness and in ture becoming greater with a rearward movement of
camber.It will be noted that all values of the slope the position of the camber and with increased thickness
lie below the approximate theoretical value for thin (above 9 to 12 percent of the chord). Numerical
wings, 2a per radian; the measured values lie between values of the angle of zero lift are given in table III.
95 and 81 percent, approximately, of the theoretical. Maximum lift.—The variation of the maximum lift
The angle of zero lift is best analyzed by means of a coefficient with thickness is shown in figure 85. It
comparison with that predicted by the theory. Thin- will be noted that the highest values are obtained with
airfoil theory states that the angle of zero lift is pro- moderately thick sections (9 to 12 percent of the chord
portional to the camber if the camber is varied, as thick, except for the symmetrical sections for which
with these related airfoils, by scaling the ordinates of a the highest values are obtained with somewhat thicker
s
48 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY ;OMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
sections). The variation with camber, shown in bar (for airfoils having normal camber positions;
figure 86, confirms the expected increase in maximum i.e., 0.3c to 0.5c).
lift with camber. The gain is small, however, for the MOMENT
normal positions of the camber, but becomes larger Thin-airfoil theory separates the air forces acting on
as the camber moves either rearward or forward. It any airfoil into two parts: First, the forces that pro-
will be seen by reference to figure 85 that the camber duce a couple but no lift (they are dependent only on
becomes less effective as the thickness is increased. the shape of the mean line); second, the forces that
This reduced effectiveness of the camber is in agree- produce the lift only, the resultant of which acts at
ment with a conclusion reached in reference 13 that
for airfoils having a thickness ratio of approximately Maximum thickness in per cent •,
-.05
20 percent of the chord, camber is of questionable
value. Numerical values of the maximum lift co-
i
69
efficient are given in table IV. -.04 j.
Air-flow discontinuities.—These and other wind- Theoretico/ curvy ' L5
tunnel tests indicate that at the attitude of maximum 2/
w -.03
Ê U
o -.02
-.0/
_L
4
Comber position in fraction of chord
(Abscissa of maximum mean-tine ordinate)
FIGURE 87.—Variation of moment at zero lift with Camber. Points shown an for
12 percent thick airfoils. Craves Indicate general trends for the different thick-
nasses.
Ca„
.90
0 23 — 0 43 0 63
024 _1 0 44 0 64
o25 o 45 0 65
o ,.BL
E m
Qt
V$ C• 74
i
_L
4
Comber position to rrau/on or enora 4 8 12. 16 20 a4
(Abscissa of maximum mean-line ordinate) Maximum thickness in percent of chord
FIGURE 88. —Variation of maximum lift with camber. Results for 12 percent thick FIGURE 88.—Variation of moment at zero lift with thickness. Numbers refer to
airfoils. mean-camber designation.
lift the air forces on certain airfoils exhibit sudden a fixed point. We then have in the working range an
changes which in many instances result in a serious expression for the total moment taken about any
loss of lift. The probable cause of these air-flow dis- point
continuities is discussed briefly in reference 13. The Cm = C,ea+nCL
stability or instability of the air flow at maximum
lift may be judged by the character of the lift-curve where Co is the moment coefficient at zero lift and
peaks indicated for the various airfoils. The curves nCL is the additional moment due to lift.
are classified into three general types as noted in As with the angle of zero lift, the theory states that
table IV, but the degree of stability is difficult to the moment at zero lift is proportional to the camber
judge. It may be generally concluded that improved and predicts an increase in the magnitude of the
stability may be obtained by (1) having a small moment as the camber moves back along the chord.
leading-edge radius, which causes an early break- Figures 87 and 88 show the values of the moment
down of the flow with a consequent low value of the coefficient as affected by variations of camber and
maximum lift, (2) increasing the thickness (beyond the thickness compared with the theoretical values. Re-
normal thickness ratios), or (3) increasing the cam- ferring to figure 87, the plotted data indicate that the
moment coefficients are nearly proportional to the the profile drag as the minim um value plus an addi-
camber. It will also be noted that the curves repre- tional drag dependent upon the attitude of the airfoil,
senting the ratios of the experimental coefficients to we have in coefficient form
the camber are nearly parallel to the equivalent curve
representing the theoretical ratios except that the CD = CD,+ (CDamtn + ACDa)
curves tend to diverge for positions of the camber The induced-drag coefficient C U, which is computed
well back. Figure 88 shows that the experimental by means of the formula given in reference 8, is con-
values lie between 87 and 64 percent, approximately, sidered to be independent of the airfoil section. The
of the theoretical. Numerical values of the moment variation of the profile-drag coefficient with the shape
coefficient at zero lift are given in table V. variables of the airfoil section is analyzed with respect
.04 0 Ox mean combe .

x 2%
a 4%
+ 6%
.02 C&-
Symmetric./ oirfoixe * q
+ Norma/cambered oirfoi/s +0.

4 8 0 16 20 24
Maximum thickness in per cent of chord
FIGURE 89.—Variation of position of constant moment with thickness. Values of
a for equation .,,, .s +nC . Results for airfoil. having normal camber
positions (0.3c to 0.6c). in fraction
FIGURE 91.—Varlation of minimum profile dmg with thioknom far the symmetrical
If the resultant of the lift forces acted exactly airfoils.
through the quarter-chord point, as predicted by the
theory of thin airfoils, there would be no additional to the variations of the two components of the profile
moment due to the lift when the moments are taken drag.
about this point. The curves of C ,, against CL, Minimum profile drag.—The variation of the mini-
however, show a slope in the working range which mum profile-drag coefficient with thickness for the
indicates that the axis of constant moment is displaced symmetrical sections is shown in figure 91. The cam-
somewhat from the quarter-chord point. The factor n bered sections show the same general variation with
represents the amount of this displacement as obtained thickness but, to avoid-confusion, the results are not
from the deduced slopes of the moment curves in the plotted. The variation of the minimum profile-drag
.00&
Mean ca, bar,
Mean camber
V
4
s% .Co a
)2 4X
Symmetrical airfoil 4%
2%
zr,
O .2 4 .6 .8 /.O
O .2

.4
Comber position
s .8
in fraction of chord
LL
Comber position in fraction of chord (Abscissa of mu. mean-11ne ordinate)
(Abscissa of maximum mean-line ordinate) FIGURE 92.—Incmase in minimum profiledmg due to camber. Reseltsforl2pereent
names 90.—Variation of position of constant moment with camber. Values of n thick airfoils. Values of k for equation Cx,... k+0.0060+0.01 9+01 V, where k
fmnquationC..l,—C.,+nCz. Results for 12 percent thick airfoils. is the increase in CDs.., due to camber and t is the maximum thickness in fraction
of chord.
normal working range. The variation of this dis-
placement with thickness and with camber is shown in coefficient with the profile thickness may be expressed
figures 89 and 90. Table VI gives the numerical by the empirical relation
values. Beyond the stall all the airfoils show a sharp CDamfn =k +0.0056+0.01t +0.112
increase in the magnitude of the pitching moment.
The suddenness of this increase follows the degree of where t is the thickness ratio and k (which is approxi-
stability' at the stall as indicated by the type of the inately constant for sections having the same mean
lift-curve peak. Line) represents the increase in C,,,.,. above that
DRAG computed for the symmetrical section of corresponding
The total drag of an airfoil is considered as made up thickness. The variation of CDanfa with camber is
of the induced drag and the profile drag. Considering indicated by the variation of k as shown in figure 92.
The effect of camber is small except for the highly This function is represented in figure 93 as the curve
cambered sections having the maximum camber well determined from the results for the symmetrical air-
back. Numerical values of CDamr° are given in table VII. foils and for the airfoils having a camber of 2 percent
Additional proflle drag.—The additional profile of the chord. As the camber is increased, the dis-
drag, which is dependent upon the attitude of the air- persion of the plotted points from the curve becomes
foil, has previously been expressed as a function of the greater. In general the points above the curve corre-
lift (reference 4) by the equation spond to thick sections and sections in which the maxi-
mum camber is well back. The departure from the
ACDe = CDO — CDOmtn = 0.0062 (CL — C,,.,,)'
curve becomes greater with increased thickness and
where CL °n, may be called the optimum lift coefficient; with a rearward movement of the maximum-camber
that is, the lift coefficient corresponding to the mini- position. The points well below the curve correspond
mum profile-drag coefficient. This equation holds to the thin airfoils.
.028
.024 x °-1
0
x
OX mean comber
2 —
I°
n 4 % .,
.020 6%
016
J xX#•
11.012
.008
.004 :° tx
.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 40
a-a-,
F—E 93.—Addaioml pmdle drag.
reasonably well for the normally shaped airfoils at Because the additional profile drag is not a simple
values of the lift coefficient below unity. function of the lift, and also because the results as
A convenient practical method of allowing for the presented in figure 93 are difficult to follow, generalized
increased values of CD, at moderately high values of curves for the relation
the lift coefficient is to include the additional profile
OCDe = f (CL— CLavr)
drag with the induced drag, as suggested in reference
2. For the symmetrical airfoils of moderate thickness are given in figure 94. These curves are given to
the term to be added to the induced-drag coefficient
represent more accurately the additional profile drag
was given as 0.0062 CLE . The relative importance of for the normally shaped sections.
this term may be better appreciated by considering Optimum lift.—The optimum lift, as defined above,
that it represents 11.7 percent of the induced drag of is the value of the lift corresponding to the minimum
an elliptical airfoil of aspect ratio 6. The same profile drag. As the determination of this value of the
method may also be applied to other airfoils if the lift is largely dependent upon the fairing of the profile-
value of the optimum lift is not too large. drag curves, special curves were faired for this purpose
Andrews (reference 14), using the part of these data on enlarged-scale plots corresponding to certain related
published in references 2, 4, and 5, suggests for the airfoils grouped together. The values of the optimum
additional profile drag the form
lift coefficients obtained in this manner are given in
A D0 =f1 CL— CL
ODr 1 table VIII. It may be noted by reference to this table
that the optimum lift coefficient increases with camber
CL _%L,
CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FRO] I TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 51
and for the highly cambered sections a definite increase it is not primarily dependent upon the shape of the
accompanies a forward movement of the camber. mean line. Nevertheless it is interesting to compare
.02 the optimum lift coefficients with the values included
2..16. "eon in table VIII representing the theoretical lift coeffi-
Max, lhickness 69. 4. 0 07. comber
.0/
v-
ma
p
x
o 49,
29,—•• cients at the "ideal" angle of attack for the mean
line; i.e., the angle of attack for which the thin-airfoil
0
I " -T1
,*
1 1 1
u + 6%—
6
I.
410'2-
IT theory gives a finite velocity at the nose. (See the
appendix.)
.02
GENERAL EFFICIENCY
Maximum lhickness 9% The general efficiency of an airfoil cannot be ex-
.o/ 0 pressed by means of a single number. The ratio of
0
`6 4° 2 0° 20 Symmetrical airfoil
.02
Maximum lhickness /2% k

.0/
r ^
E
I
Vg 0
Meon rnmber
6 4 2 f)-
x$.02
^^ 1
Maximum lhickness /5% G°

.0/
ov
^F
U J B 1
O a.rA ` . er• U
6 O,
.02
Maximum thickness /B9, 4 i

ow
.0/
$ ô
u
0 .oFmo.
.02 1 4° 2 O•. Comber powhbg in fraction of chord
(Abscissa of maximum mean-tine ordinate/
Maximum thickness 219, FIGURE 90.—Variation of CI,_lC o.c. witb camber. Results arc tot 12 pereeut
.Ol
O thick airfoils.
the maximum lift to the minimum profile drag is, how-

O 2 .4 .6 .8 10 /.2 14 ever, of some value as the measure of the efficiency of
an airfoil section. The variation of this ratio with
FIGURE 91.—Additional profile dmg as a function of Cy— C.,1. Results era for sit- thickness is shown in figure 95. The curves of this
falls having normal camber positions (0.5c to 0.5c).
figure indicate that the highest values of the ratio are
200 Symmetrical
series
160
V^/20
4%mean comber 6%mean comber

v 80 _j2%mean comber
0 23 series
x 24
o 43 series
x 44
o 63 series
x 64
+25 +65
40
+ 4
4 8 12 16 20 4 6 /2 /6 20 4 8 12 16 20 24
0

FIGURE 95.—Veriatfou of C ao,/CD,. with thickness.
More important than these variations, however, is the given by the sections between 9 and 12 percent of the
variation with thickness. The rapid decrease in the chord thick. The variation with camber, shown in
optimum lift with increased thickness indicates that figure 96, is less important. An increase in the camber
above 2 percent of the chord and a rearward move-

ment of the camber (for the highly cambered sections) seetlon T series Normal 11-11
11
tend to decrease the value of CL,aee/CDO,afa. The
0006 0.10 0.40 1.19
numerical values of the ratio are given in table IX. 0012 .40 1.58
3.56
3.80
0018 .89 7.15
SUPPLEMENTARY AIRFOILS
For the purpose of investigating briefly the effects The aerodynamic characteristics of the modified
of certain shape variables other than those discussed sections are given in figures 72 to 77. These may be
in the main body of the report, 10 supplementary air- compared with the characteristics of the normal sec-
foils were tested. The airfoil sections were as follows: tions given in figures 4, 6, and 8. The maximum lift
6 symmetrical sections with modified nose shapes, 2 coefficients of the modified and the normal sections
sections with reflexed mean lines, and 2 sections simu- are plotted against the leading-edge rad ii in figure 97.
lating those of a wing having a flexible trailing edge. It is interesting to note that the leading-edge radius is
very critical in its effect on the maximum lift when
Maximum thickness 0.12c the radius is small. This critical effect is also indicated
by the rapid increase in the maximum lift with increas-
ing thickness for the thin sections as shown in figure 85.
/.4 Airfoils with reflexed mean lines.-Previous inves-
^Moximum thickness 0.18c tigations have shown that the pitching moment of
/.2 cambered airfoils can be reduced by altering the form
of the mean line toward the trailing edge, with a con-
sequent loss of maximum lift but only a small reduction
/.0 in drag. In order to compare the characteristics of
sections of this type with those of the related sections
Moximum thickness 006e of normal form, two airfoils were developed with the
basic thickness distribution of the N.A.C.A. 0012 dis-
posed about certain mean lines of the form given in
.6
reference 15
y^=hx(1-x) (1-Tx)
.4
The values of h in this equation were chosen to give a
camber of 0.02 and the values of X were chosen to give
.2 the airfoil designated the N.A.C.A. 2R 112 a small
negative moment and the airfoil designated the
O / 2 3 4 5 6 7
N.A.C.A. 2R 212 a small positive moment. Charac-
i-Hnn-eons radus in Der cent of chord teristic curves for the two airfoils are given in figures
F-RE 97.-Variation of maximum lift with nose radius. 78 and 79. The principal characteristics of the sec-
tions may be conveniently compared with those of the
Airfoils with modified nose shapes.-The airfoils of related symmetrical section, the N.A.C.A. 0012, and
the first supplementary group investigated were de- a related normal section having a camber of 2 percent
veloped from three of the symmetrical N.A.C.A. family of the chord, the N.A.C.A. 2412, by means of the
airfoils: The N.A.C.A. 0006, the N.A.C.A. 0012, and following table arranged in the order of increasing
the N.A.C.A. 0018. For each of these basic (or nor- pitching-moment coefficients.
mal) sections one thinner-nosed section, denoted by
the suffix T, and one blunter-nosed section, denoted
section Cam„ CDC- CDC-
c. C.p
by the suffix B, were developed and tested. The
derivation of each modified section was similar to that 211M 1.47 0.0086 171 0.004
of the normal section and was accomplished by a sys- 0012
2R^12
1.53
1.63
.0083
.0083
184
184
-.002
-.020
tematic change in the equation that defines the normal 2912 1.02 .0085 IN -.044
section. This change is principally a change in the

nose radius, but it also results in modifications to the These results indicate that airfoils having reflexed
profile throughout its length, except at the maximum mean lines may be of questionable value because of the
ordinate and at the trailing edge. The nose radii of the adverse effect of this mean-line shape on the maximum
sections in percent of the chord are as follows: lift coefficient.
Thickness and camber modifications near the 2. The angle of zero lift moves toward zero with
trailing edge.—Two airfoils were developed to simu- increased thickness (above 9 to 12 percent of the
late an airfoil having a flexible trailing edge in a straight chord thickness ratios).
and in a given deflected position. The thickness dis- 3. The highest values of the maximum lift are ob-
tribution is composed of three parts: the forward por- tained with sections of normal thickness ratios (9 to
tion (0 to 0.3c) having the same distribution as the 15 percent).
N.A.C.A. 0012, the rear portion (from 0.7c to the 4. The greatest instability of the air flow at maxi-
trailing edge) having a thin, uniform value, and the mum lift is encountered with the moderately thick,
central portion joining these two with fair curves. low-cambered sections.
As shown in figure 80, the two airfoils differ only in 5. The magnitude of the moment at zero lift de-
the rear portion, the section designated N.A.C.A. creases with increased thickness, varying from 87 to
0012Fo simulating that of a wing having the trailing 64 percent, approximately (for normally shaped air-
edge deformed for the high-speed condition, and the foils), of the values obtained by thin-airfoil theory.
section designated N.A.C.A. 0012F I simulating that 6. The axis of constant moment usually passes
of the same wing with the trailing edge bent down in a slightly forward of the quarter-chord point, the dis-
circular arc. Curves of the aerodynamic characteris- placement increasing with increased thickness.
tics for both conditions are compared in figure 80. 7. The minimum profile drag varies with thickness
Considering the results given by both airfoils as two approximately in accordance with the expression
conditions for one airfoil, a very high maximum lift C-i.,n =k+0.0056 +0.0lt+0.lt2
with a reasonably low minimum drag is obtained.
CL'- where the value of k depends upon'the camber and t is
On this assumption the ratio 197, slightly the ratio of the maximum thickness to the chord.
C."ef. Is
8. The optimum lift coefficient (the lift coefficient
higher than the value of this ratio given by the corresponding to the minim um profile-drag coefficient)
N.A.C.A. 2412.
approaches zero as the thickness is increased.
In order to study the effects of an extreme change in
the thickness distribution, the principal characteris- 9. The ratio of the maximum lift to the minimum
profile drag is highest for airfoils of medium thickness
tics of the two sections may be compared with those
ratios (9 to 12 percent).
of the related normal sections, the N.A.C.A. 0012 and
Variation with camber:
the N.A.C.A. 6712. The maximum lift coefficient is
little affected by the change in the thickness distribu- 1. The slope of the lift curve in the normal working
range is little affected by the camber; a slight decrease
tion, but it is of interest to note (table I) that the slope in the slope is indicated as the position of the camber
of the lift curve of the N.A.C.A. 0012Fa is slightly
greater than 2a per radian, as compared with an appre- moves back.
2. The angle of zero lift is between 100 and 75 per-
ciably lower slope for the N.A.C.A. 0012. The profile
cent, approximately, of the value given by thin-air-
drag is also affected by the change in the thickness foil theory, the smaller departures being for airfoils
distribution. Of the two symmetrical sections, the
with the normal camber positions.
profile drag of the N.A.C.A. 0012Fp is much higher
than that of the N.A.C.A. 0012 over the entire lift 3. The maximum lift increases with increased cam-
ber, the increase being more rapid as the camber
range. This is not true, however, for the two cam-
moves forward or back from a point near the 0.3c
bered sections. Comparing the characteristics of the
position.
N.A.C.A. 0012F, with those of the N.A.C.A. 6712, we
find that at low values of the lift the profile drag of 4. Greater stability of the air flow at maximum lift
is obtained with increased camber if the camber is in
the former is much higher, but as the lift increases this the normal positions (0.3c to 0.5c).
difference becomes less, and in the high-lift range the
profile drag of the N.A.C.A. 0012F, is considerably 5. The moment at zero lift is nearly proportional to
the camber. For any given thickness, the difference
less than that of the N.A.C.A. 6712. between the experimental value of the constant of
CONCLUSIONS proportionality and the value predicted by thin-airfoil
theory is not appreciably affected by the position of
The variation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the camber except for the sections having the maximum
the related airfoils with the geometric characteristics camber well back, where the difference becomes
investigated may be summarized as follows: slightly greater.
Variation with thickness ratio: 6. The axis of constant moment moves forward as
1. The slope of the lift curve in the normal working the camber moves back.
range decreases with increased thickness, varying 7. The minim um profile drag increases with in-
from 95 to 81 percent, approximately, of the theoretical creased camber, and also with a rearward movement
slope for thin airfoils (2v per radian). of the camber.


8. The optimum lift cofficient increases with the 4(1-2x)
camber and for the highly cambered sections a definite f3(x)-7[x(1-x)]11 (9)
increase accompanies a forward movement of the
camber. and y is the ordinate of the mean line at a given abscissa
9. The ratio of the maximum lift to the minimum x. The integrals (4) and (6) may be shown to be
profile drag tends to decrease with increased camber identical with the corresponding integrals given by
(above 2 percent of the chord) and with a rearward Glauert (reference 15) and by Munk (reference 17),
movement of the camber (for the highly cambered and integral (5) is given by Theodorsen (reference 16).
sections). The evaluation of these integrals for the N.A.C.A.
airfoil sections given in this report was accomplished
analytically. The values of aL, (changed from
radians to degrees), C-c4 and CL„ so computed, are
LANGLEY MEMORIAL AERONAUTICAL LABRATORY, given in tables III, V, and VIII, respectively, in the
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS, main body of the report. This method of evaluation,
LANGLEY FIELD, VA., December 20, 1932. however, cannot be applied to many of the commonly
used sections because they do not have analytically
APPENDIX defined mean lines; hence, an approximate method
It is proposed in this section of thereport to present, must be used. A graphical determination gives good
briefly, a summary of the results of the existing thin- results and for convenience the values of the three
airfoil theory (based on the section mean line) as ap- functions, (7), (8), and (9), at several values of x, are
plied to the prediction of certain section characteris- given in the following table:
tics. Such a summary is desirable because at present
x f1W r,(x) f3W x f,(-) W4 W4
the results must be obtained from several different
sources which give them in a form not easily applied. 0 0.30 -0.992
0.0125 -2.901 118.15 111.17 .40 -1.083 0.662 1.111
Three characteristics are considered; namely, (1) the .0260 -2.091 39.73 7.747 .60 -1.273 0.271 0.520
angle of zero lift aLO, (2) the pitching-moment co- .0500 -1.537 13.84 5.258 .60 -1.624 -.271 -.620
.0750 -1.308 7.403 9.109 .70 -2.315 -.662 -1.111
efficient C d4, and (3) the "ideal" angle of attack a,, .1000 -1.178 4.716 3.395 .80 -3.978 -1.492 -1.910
.15 -1.048 2.447 2.496 .90 -10.61 -4.718 -3.395
.20 2.995 1.492 1.910 .95 -29.21 -13.84 -5.258
or the corresponding lift coefficient Czl, that is, values .25 -.9so .980 1.470 1.00
corresponding to the unique condition for which the
theory gives a finite velocity at the nose of the airfoil. In general, some difficulty would be expected with
(See reference 16.) the graphical method because the values of the above
Expressions for lift and moment coefficients may be functions tend to infinity at the leading and trailing
written as follows if the angles are measured in radians: edges. Actually, because the ordinates of the mean-
Cy=27r(a-%) line extremities are zero, the integrand may approach
(1) zero, and does at the leading edge for the integral (4),
CLl=27r(aj-a4) (2) and at the leading and trailing edges for the integral (6).
Difficulty, however, is encountered at the trailing edge
Gme/4 = 2( 13+aL0) (3) for the integral (4) and at the leading and trailing edges
for the integral (5). In order to avoid this difficulty,
If the leading end of the mean line is chosen as the integral (4) is evaluated graphically from x=0 to
origin of coordinates and the trailing end is taken on x=0.95, and the increment contributed by the por-
the xaxis at x=1, then the parameters aLo, a,, and tion from x=0.95 to x=1 is determined analytically.
j3 are given by the following integrals Likewise, integral (5) is evaluated graphically from
x=0.05 to x=0.95 and analytically for the extremities.
azo = fly fl (x) dx (4) The analytical determination of the increments is
0 accomplished by assuming the mean line near the
ar = f y f2(x) dx
0
(5)
ends to be of the form
y=a+bx+cc2
t
yf3(x) dx (6) Evaluating the integrals gives
d= f
0
where daze = -0.964yo .s5 +0.0954y; (x=0.95 to x=1)
-1 Aa,= +0.467y,.05 +0.0472yo (x=0 to x=0.05)
fl(x)= 7r(1-x) [x(1-x)]E (7) I
-0.467yo. 95 +0.0472y1 (x=0.95 to x=1)
(1- 2x) where yo and yf are the mean-line slopes at the
f2(x)=2,'[x(1-x)]n (8) leading and trailing edges, respectively.
REFERENCES 9. Higgins, George J.: The Prediction of Airfoil Characteris-
tics. T.R. No. 312, N.A.C.A., 1929.
1. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Anderson, Raymond F.: Large-
10. Knight, Montgomery, and Harris, Thomas A.: Experi-
Scale Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoils as Tested mental Determination of Jet Boundary,Corrections for
in the Variable-Density Wind Tunnel. T.R. No. 352,
Airfoil Tests in Four Open Wind Tunnel Jets of Different
N.A.C.A., 1930.
Shapes. T.R. No. 361, N.A.C.A., 1930.
2. Jacobs, Eastman N.: Tests of Six Symmetrical Airfoils in
11. Stack, John: Tests in the Variable-Density Wind Tunnel to
the Variable-Density Wind Tunnel. T.N. No. 385, Investigate the Effects of Scale and Turbulence on Air-
N.A.C.A., 1931.
foil Characteristics. T.N. No. 364, N.A.C.A., 1931.
3. Pinkerton, Robert M.: Effect of Nose Shape on the Char- 12. Dryden, H. L., and Kuethe, A. M.: Effect of Turbulence in
acteristics of Symmetrical Airfoils. T.N. No. 386, Wind Tunnel Measurements. T.R. No. 342, N.A.C.A.,
N.A.C.A., 1931.
1930.
4. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Pinkerton, Robert M.: Tests of 13. Jacobs, Eastman N.: The Aerodynamic Characteristics of
N.A.C.A. Airfoils in the Variable-Density Wind Tunnel.
Eight Very Thick Airfoils from Tests in the Variable-
Series 43 and 63. T.N. No. 391, N.A.C.A., 1931. Density Wind Tunnel. T.R. No. 391, N.A.C.A., 1931.
5. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Pinkerton, Robert M.: Tests of
14. Andrews, W. R.: The Estimation of Profile Drag. Flight,
N.A.C.A. Airfoils in the Variable-Density Wind Tunnel. vol. XXIV, no. 25, pp. 530a-530d, 1932 and no. 31, pp.
Series 45 and 65. T.N. No. 392, N.A.C.A., 1931. 710a-710c, 1932.
6. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Pinkerton, Robert M.: Tests of
15. Glauert, H.: The Elements of Aerofoil and Aircrew Theory.
N.A.C.A. Airfoils in the Variable-Density Wind Tunnel. Cambridge University Press (London), 1926.
Series 44 and 64. T.N. No. 401, N.A.C.A., 1931. 16. Theodorsen, Theodore: On the Theory of Wing Sections
7. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Ward, Kenneth E.: Tests of with Particular Reference to the Lift Distribution.
N.A.C.A. Airfoils in the Variable-Density Wind Tunnel.
T.R. No. 383, N.A.C.A., 1931.
Series 24. T.N. No. 404, N.A.C.A., 1932. 17. Munk, Max M.: Elements of the Wing Section Theory and
S. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Abbott, Ira H.: The N.A.C.A. of the Wing Theorv. T.R. No. 191, N.A.C.A., 1924.
Variable-Density Wind Tunnel. T.R. No.416, N.A.C.A.,
1932.
E.
MI i
?a r-.r -.-.8 v eva 2 a 8 t aa
cp
HIR ............... sees
........... ................
s
tngR ttSS2 22 tgma
-8 115
I- ri I rri I I I I I I rl I I I I rl I I I I I I I I I I I
..... ..................... ^cl

. -9 .2 .2 -S
2 .2 -2 -S -2 -S -S! -2 -2 -S -S -!2 -2-2.2 -2 -e -2 -S -9 ...... ;
c,
- ----- . .... .. . .. ....
4aa3^5tl 2 i^k^t-,st al N 52 Rns4 :-. 2 age
t3 ^3 iR iR v t S a v tg u a e 8 a! Sg !2 8; ii i2vi & N :,.^ tw v v 4 2:^ & 4 k v Ni i v 4 8 z
as 2vM222
H M999 9 2i 9 !-f E i R t.2 .

2
CHARACTERISTIC S OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TEST$ IN VARIABLE -DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 57
dC^ TABLE IV.-MAXIMUM LIFT COEFFICIENT, CL..
TABLE IL-SLOPE OF LIFT CURVE, ae= dao (PER DEG.)
Thickness
designa-
06 gg 12 15 Is 21 25 112
\
bC
b Th'
d
d__
or des.
- - 13 M A , Z 12
tgnntinn
00 .---..-.._._ • 0.98 x 1.27 -1.53 1 1.53 x 1.49 - Laii 1 1.2() -1.53

011 -___________ 0.102 0.101 0.101 0.100 0.098 0.094 0.089 0.101
22 ___ _________ ------- ------- ------- - ----- - - --- ------- ------- 11.60
22 .103 23 ..-______.__ • 1.04 -1.61 11.60 °1.54 ------- ------- -
23:::::::::::: -10- 2- - ------- ------- --------
--.-l0,3-- -".-1,0,2-- 7:lot .101
1 24 _____.._---- • 1.01 11.51 1 1.59 1 1.55 1
1.43 -1.36 -::::-: '1:
1 2
:f03
1 l :097 101 25 ----------- • 1.03 -1.38 1 1.60 1 1.53 • 1.48 1 1.38 ------- 11.02
25 03 02 02 099 ON om. ------ 02 26 - ----------- ------- -------------- ------- -------------- -
26 ____________ ------- ------- -- 00 27------ - --- ------- ------- ------- -------- ------ ------- - :::::: :168
1: 8
27____________ ------- ------- -- 00
42 ____________ ------- ------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- • 1.71
42- ----------- ------- ------- ------- ------- - ------- -- 43 _______..._. -I1 : M 1601: b1 : 63 lf : 51 11-41 1: 1
:l 11
43---- ------- I :::-, : 'OO'D 44 60 ^1.61 17 .• 1.47
1 1.417 11
44 ------------ : 102 : 183 10% : ,1 21 'm : 0,03, . 1,30̀ 45 ............ ....
:11 .•11.56 . 1.69 62 A 4-- •
----- 6 ------ 1 1.69
46____________ .104 .103 .101 - .096 .095 :017 46 ---- .. ..... 1171
0 ------- - --- 098 47 ____________ • 1. 82
47____________ ----- -------------- ------- ----- - ------- ------- .097
62_ ___________ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 1 1.75
82.....-_____
-------- - -- ----- -- 1 : b4 11.87 1l.64 ^l.65 :,1: 43, 1 1.37 ::::::: 11: 11
1 :1 . .104 H6 7 - --- ig - -------
.096 :10I 64 11 85 -: 1 41 <I.
84 l04 .101 .102 OD9 .099 : OD6 : 101 65 ___._ _ ___.__ -1.29 43 1 1: 6781 •1: 75 -1:89
167 -1.61 ^•1.49 ------- 6
1 1.75
.101 .103 .101 . 099 .095 094 101
OK 66 --- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -----
--
....... .- - 1.83
. .
67 ............ ............ ...... ........ ....... 95
1.67------------ --- - -- --- - --- 097
I Additional tests to determine variation with camber.
TABLE III.-ANGLE OF ZERO LIFT, .4 (DEGREES)
Thickness
desire-
\ t on 06 09 12 15 18 21 25 12 Theor.
b ell
desX
ig-tion
00 ___-__._.___ -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 - 0go
22---- - - - ---- ---------

23. __________- -1.8 -2----
. 0 - - ----- - ----- ---- -----
-- 9
' -1.
24. __________- -1.7 -1.7 -1.7 -1.7 -1.9 -1.7 ------ - 1.8 -2 08
25_ -____.___-_ -20 -2.0 -2. 0 -2.0 -20 -1.8 ------ - 2. 1 -2.29
26 ----------- ------- ------- - 3 2. 59 NOTE-I,ettff indicates type of lift enrva, peak.
27 ------------ ------- ------- - ::::: :::-:: :::::: :.. -N -3.04
4
2 ------- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
- 3 .4 -3.60
43 ------------ -3.8 -3.6 -3.7 -3.6 8 -3.5 -3.6 ------ 3 -3.84
-3. 9 -3.
4. - 8.1 1. -1
_,: 9 -3. 4 --- .15
46......... . _. 3 4.1 - 4. -4.1 -3. 4 ... -4.2 -4.58
40_ ___________ ------- ------- - -4.6 -5.18
47 ____________ ------- ------- - -5.0 -6.09
92 ----------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------ ---------- - 6.2 -5.40

-b.2 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 - -8.2 -6.2 ---- -5.5 -5.76
14 -1: 6 -1.1
_ -6.1
_ -Î: 7 -1-7 -I 2 -1-7 -6.23
66...._._.. _. -8.3 6. 3 6. 0 -5.7 -b.3 2 -6.88
66.__________ ------- ------- -- :::- :::-:: 6 -7.78
87_ ___________ ------- ------- 7.0 -9.13
I Based on straight portion of lift curve extended. Bee curve for actual value.
TABLID V.-MOMENT COEFFICIENT AT ZERO LIFT, C.,
Thickness
06 09 12 16 18 21 25 12 Theor.
ber des
ignation
00_. ._.____. -0.002 -0. ON -0.002 0.000 -0. 002 - 0.001 -0.003 -0.002 0
2
2 ------------ ------------ ------------ -0.029 -0.0370
23 ------------
.__.._.____. ------------
-.036 ------------
-.038 ------------01 6 ------------
-.034 ------------ ------ ------ ------ ------
3 -.038 - . 0447
24 __._-______ -.039 -.044 W -.010 -.037 -.036 --- --------- -.044 -.0531
25 -- - ---- ---- -.048 062 -.050 -.019 -.047 -.043 ------------ -.054 om
28_ ___________ ____________ ---- -------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ -.000 0749
27 ____________ ------------ ------------ ------------ -- ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ - . 076 -.0912
41 ___________ _ ------------ ----- ------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ -.059 -.0739
43 .___.__.____ -.075 -.073 -.072 -.008 -.066 -.057 -------- ---- -.075 -.0994
44 ------------ -.087 - 086 - . 087 -.083 -:078 -.071 ---- : --- : --- -.039 -.1062
46 _-._.__-___ - 109 -:106 -:102 -.097 - . 094 -:082 ---- --- --- -:105 -.1257
46 ____________ ____________ -.124 -.1497
47 ____________ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ -------- --- -.143 -.1825
62 __ _ _________ ------------ ---- -------- ------------
---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------
------------ -------------------- ----
----- ------------------------ _.087 -.1109
63__ _ __ .__-__. --------III
---- ------------
110
I il -:106 -:097 -.090 ------------ _.II0 -.1342
64 . . _ __ _.___._ 29 as 29 -.125 -.118 -.110 .... ------- -.132 -.1594
65_ ______ __._ 159 .158 -.154 x-.160 -.139 -.129 __ - . 169
86_.________ :186 2W
67 - ----- ---------- -.206 2737
portion
A Based on straight of moment curve attended. See curve far actual value.
TABLE VI.-DISPLACEMENT OF CONSTANT MOMENT TABLE VIII.-OPTIMUM LIFT COEFFICIENT, C,.,

POSITION IN PERCENT CHORD AHEAD OF QUAR-
TER-CHORD POINT (100 TIMES VALUES OF n FOR
EQUATION Cm 04 = C,+nCL) Td.
Thk__
design s
an
th"' 00 09 12 15 IS 21 25 12
Cam-
Thick-
Thickness go
\d^
bar
am
Coca ion i gnatim
• designs-
if.. is Ig
ber des- 00 _____.______ 0.00 0.00 0.00 Q. 00 0.00 0 00 0 0D0.00 - . . 0
fgnation
22_ ___________ -- ---- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ---- - .17 0.308
00 _--_.____-_- 0. 7 0.7 0.9 - 1.1 1.4 IT - a - ed -
0.9
23- :: _ ::::::: :17 : 1171 15 272
24 ...... . 21 :1 1, :1If 0 ----- ------ ------ : 20 : 250
22 25-- 18 .16 . , IS , :11 08 :03 , - ::::: .23 .251
23::::::::::::
----3 ---- ------3 -- ------3 -- ------5-- 20 ____________ ------- ------- ------ ------ --- -- ------ ------ .20 .256
24_ ___________ .1 .3 .4 .7 1.0 1.5 ....... .0 27____________ ------- ------- ------ ------ --- -- ------ ------ .20 .272
25 .-_______ ._ .0 .2 .3 .6 1.0 1.7 ------- .7
26 ----------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- .8 42 ____________ ------- ---- _ _ ---- ------ --- -- ------ ------ .36 .616
27 ----- ----- ------- ----- - ------- ------- ------- .8 93 ____________ .35 .30 .23 .12 .20 .05 ------ .34 .544
42 ------ ---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------
: 1 :36 : 33 : 22 : 16 : 10 _ _: -- - : 1 512
43_ ____ _______ .3 .4 .5 .7 1.2 to 34 27 22 16 30 08 :50
1.6
44_____ _______ .3 .3 5 . 10 L4 1,7 1.0
:5
40 _ -_________ ------- ------- ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ .30 .512
46 :: -------- 47 ---------_ ------- ------- -- --- ------ ----------- ------ .33 .51A
-1 .3 :-8 :9 1.4 1.7
46_ _____ _____ -----
62 ____________ -- ---- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
- ------
47 ___ _ __ _____ .55 .923
------- ----- '
I: 63 63 40 M 24 13 47 81
62 ------ ------- .2 6460 : :466 42 _^:: 33 j 21 ^15
10 -- --- - - j 4 45
-----
- ------ 1 . :117
66____ .60 .53 .42 .33 1 _gg "M
64_ ___________ 7 .0 .6 .9 1.3 1.7 ------- .8
86___________ _ .0 .0 .7 1.6 1.8 1.9 ------- 1.5 6
667:::: ---- so :'
816
66__ ___ __ _
67:-:.::.. 1^^ -------- --------------- -------- ---- 1:::::::Il 2: of
I Theoretical lift coefficient at "Ideal" ougle of attack.
TABLE
V II.-MINIMUM PROFILE-DRAG COEFFI- TABLE IX.-RATIO OF MAXIMUM LIFT COEFFICIENT
CIENT, Cna_ TO MINIMUM PROFILE-DRAG COEFFICIENT,
CL... 147DO.-
Thickness
_ des na Thickness
'1" 06 9 12 15 18 21 ig 25 0
12
d gs gg ig S.
i is
bar
C des, 18 26 12
Ignation, \^d
I
0.
00 ._.____.--__ 0.. 0074 0.0093 0.0093 0.0108 0.0120 0.0143 ^ 0083

00 -_-____...__ 185 172 184 164 138 115 84 184
22 ----------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --- --- ------- ------- •0087
23 :0073 : 0083 : 00ag : 0100 ------- - ----- ------- .0089 22- ----------- ------- ------- -- 184
24:. 0070 0080 0090 0099 .0112 .0127 ------ .0095 2a ------------ 142 182 181
26 ___________ .0073 .0081 .0099 .0103 .0112 .0126 24 _____.___ 144 189 177 156 128 106 ------- 100
26 00" 26 _ _ -14 __ 170 180 148 132 109 ------- 184
27___ _________ 0090 20 ___ _ ________ ---- ----- - _ ----- - _ ----- ------- ------- ------- 187
27 ____________ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 187
42 _ ___________ ------- ------- -- ---- ------- ---- -- ------- ------- . 0092
49 .____..__.__ .0090 .0089 .0101 .0107 .0119 .0134 ------- .0096 42 ____________ ------- ------- - ----- ---- -- ------- ------- ------- 186
:
44. - ------- .0076 .0086 .0095 .0105 .0110 .0132 ... __ .0092 43 --__-____ ___ 161 140 123 96 ------- 172
46-____.____ . 0037 0003 .0103 .0113 .0125 .0188 ------- .0995 44 ______-- :::: IN 1, 82 170 150 127 104 ------- 179
46 ____________
------- ------- ----- - __- ------- ------- ------- _ 0098 46. .______.___ 132 169 164 143 123 106 ------- 178
47_ ___________ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... ----- _ .0104 46 ------------ ------- -------------- ------- --------------------- 178
4> ____________ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 175
62_ ___________ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -0101
63__ ------- .0092 .0101 .0108 .0120 .0130 0144 ------- .0102
64 :01 :1 :1 :0120 .0132 .0146 ------- .0104 82.-------
63- - ---
-- -iii __ __i6__ iii _' iiF _ ____
ii6 ___ ii
65: 0093 0100 0111 0127 .0141 .0154 of. 64 .-___--_._-. 160 179 159 Isla 114 7 ---------
: ____-
-----
-
65 ..__.....__. lag 171 158 132 114 1`
97 I.
I-
'a
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:g-
z w
m
O
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o

NACA TR 460 The Characteristics of 78 Related Airfoil Sections From Tests in The Variable-Density Wind Tunnel

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REPORT No.

REPRINT OF REPORT No. 460, ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED NOVEMBER 1933

JOSEPH S. AMEs, Ph.D., Chairman,

GEORGE W. LEWIs, Director of Aeronautical Research.

JOSEPH S. AMEs, Chairman.

REPORT No. 460

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 78 RELATED AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN THE

SUMMARY ence 1) but, with the exception of the M-series and a

L.E. radius, 4.40.

where t is the maximum thickness. The leading-edge and

Or /xt , yt/ x„ = x - y, sine Yu ' Y + yt cos B

0 0 0 10.40000 0.37140 0.92840 0 0 ........................ 0 0

Slope of radius through and of chord.

yo=m(maximum ordinate) The following formulas for calculating the ordinates

-G X09 2209 2309 2409 2509 2609 2709

001Z- '— 2212_ 2312 ^2412 2612 -^2712

O55 2215 X315 2615 -^

2318 2418 8 ' ^ 2618 2918

^ 4206 4306 4406 4506 4606 4706

9212 4312 4412 4512 4612 4712

4215 4315 4415 4515 4615 4715

4218 4318 4418 4518 4618 4718

4221 4321 4421 4521 4621 9721

6209 6309 6409 6509 6609 6709

6218 6318 6418 6518 6618 ^-6718

6221 6321 6421 6521 6621 6721

0 4 8 1216 20 24 28 32 ..4 2 .4 .6 8 10 1.2 1.4

sta. Op'r. C.'r. cu

04 Airfoil: N.A.CA. 0009 R.N.:3,2/0,000

Slo Up'r. L'w'r a 20

CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE -DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 9

AnO/e of oitock, a (degrees) cient.0

O 95 1.05 - .ss /.8 .36 .07 28

Sto. upr: C w1r. 10

5^. Up'r. LW -,'b l0

S70o. Up'n GOY: ^^ ^0

Si.. up'r. GWr /0 48

5/0. Up'r. L'w'r.

26 0 lhro ugh end of 1.4 .28

i .e^0 .lso 0 .02 Bi

kUO 90 2.34 -.56

L.E. Rod.: /.56 /.6 .32

v L.ERod: /.58. 1 1.6 .32

Slo. LPL, L'wi-. cu

2 0 4 Airfoil: N.A.CA.4212 R.N:3240,000

Sta. Vp'r. L'w'r A 20

C Airfoil: N.A.CA. 4309 R.N.:3,060,000 u

Size: 5'X30" Ve%(H./sec.): 69.8 -2 R.N.:3060,000 -/2

51a. Up'r. L'wY. U c/0

60 /Ol .4^ .08

sto. UPS'. 4M, D t0 48

Sto. Up 'r. L0,

0 /2 oCu 80 .6' .12

sf. Up', L''wr

Sto. up-,. LWr. a cu

Fmm. 38. -N.A.C.A. 4408 I& M.

S1o. Opi-. Lm, ac

0 16--60 A./6^ .02 a 8'

5/a. Up •r. Lm, 48

51. up', V0, D /O

5o. Up', L'-r. vD /0

28 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS

00 ._.__.-- 0.. 0074 0.0093 0.0093 0.0108 0.0120 0.0143 ^ 0083