ADMIN LAW DIGEST wise and useful legislation must depend which cannot be known to the law-

CALALANG V WILLAMS
AUTHOR: DE GUIA
TOPIC: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES (IN GENERAL)
FACTS:
Maximo Calalang filed a suit against Willams (as Chairman of the Natioanl
Traffic Commission), Vicente (Director of Public Works), Sergio Bayan (Secretary of
Public Works), Rodriguez (Mayor of Manila) and Juan Dominguez (Chief of Police).
Calalang alleged that the National Traffic Commission in its resolution in which
they recommend to the Sec of Public Works and Director that animal drawn vehicles be
prohibited from passing along Rosario St from 7am-11pm for a period of 1 year from the
date of opening of the Colgante Bridge to address the traffic.
The Chairman of National Traffic Commission recommended to the Director of
public works in pursuance of Commonwealth Act, which authorizes said Director with
the approval of Secretary of Public works to promulgate rules and regulations to regulate
and control the use of traffic roads.
Calalang contends that Commonwealth Act 548 is unconstitutional because it
constitutes an undue delegation of legislative power.
making power, and, must, therefore, be a subject of inquiry and determination
outside of the halls of legislation.
2. Commonwealth Act No. 548 was passed by the National Assembly in the
exercise of the paramount police power of the state. Said Act, by virtue of which the rules
and regulations complained of were promulgated, aims to promote safe transit upon and
avoid obstructions on national roads, in the interest and convenience of the public. In
enacting said law, therefore, the National Assembly was prompted by considerations of
public convenience and welfare. It was inspired by a desire to relieve congestion of
traffic. whicSh is, to say the least, a menace to public safety. Public welfare, then, lies at
the bottom of the enactment of said law, and the state in order to promote the general
welfare may interfere with personal liberty, with property, and with business and
occupations. Persons and property may be subjected to all kinds of restraints and
burdens, in order to secure the general comfort, health, and prosperity of the state.

ISSUE: 1.WON there is undue delegation of power?

2. WON The rules and regulations promulgated by the respondents pursuant to
the provisions of Commonwealth Act No. 548 constitute an unlawful
interference with legitimate business or trade and abridge the right to personal
liberty and freedom of locomotion?

RULING:
1. None. Section 1 of Commonwealth Act 548 does not confer legislative
power upon the Director of Public Works and the Secretary of Public Works
and Communications. The authority there being conferred upon them is the
promulgation of the rules and regulations, to carry out the legislative policy laid
down by the National Assembly in said act, to wit “to promote safe transit upon
and avoid obstructions on roads and streets an to close them temporarily to
any or all classes of traffic whenever the condition of the road traffic makes
such action necessary or advisable in the public convenience or interest”.
The delegated power, if at all, therefore, is not the determination of
what the law shall be, but merely the ascertainment of the facts and
circumstances upon which the application of said law is to be predicated. To
promulgate rules and regulations on the use of national roads and to determine
when and how long a national road should be closed to traffic, in view of the
condition of the road or the traffic thereon and the requirements of public
convenience and interest, is an administrative function which cannot be
directly discharged by the National Assembly. It must depend on the discretion
of some other government official to whom is confided the duty of determining
whether the proper occasion exists for executing the law. But it cannot be said
that the exercise of such discretion is the making of the law.
The Legislature cannot delegate its power to make the law; but it can
make a law to delegate a power to determine some fact or state of things upon
which the law makes, or intends to make, its own action depend. To deny this
would be to stop the wheels of government. There are many things upon which