Cuadernillo de Verano 1âºbach, PDF 2015

English
1º Bachillerato
LKL Colegio Luther King La Laguna Cuadernillo de verano
Dear Student,
The aim of this notebook is to help you prepare for the September exam and to
improve your English knowledge during these holidays.
You will find three different sections in this notebook: vocabulary, grammar and
revision. You have to work them all through. Do them with the help of your class
notes, and remember to study the lists of irregular verbs, phrasals and vocabulary
(units 1-9) as well. It is also advisable to focus on the exercises done through the
year while studying for your exam.
The contents you should be able to master in September are:

2 Verb tenses (present, past, future – simple and continuous – perfect tenses)
2 Relative sentences (defining and non-defining)
2 Modal verbs and modal perfects
2 The passive voice (active-passive-active) and the causatives
2 The reported speech (statements, commands, requests and questions)
2 The conditional sentences (zero, first, second and third)
2 Gerunds and infinitives
2 Vocabulary (1-9), Phrasal verbs, Irregular verbs and definitions.
Don’t forget to submit this notebook on the day of the exam.
Do your best and enjoy your holidays!
Colegio Luther King La Laguna |
Your teacher.
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Present simple and present continuous
Present simple
We use the present simple to talk about:
• regular habits and routines.
We usually go rollerblading at the weekend.
• permanent situations.
David lives in Manchester.
• scientific facts.
Water boils at 100˚C.
• states, not actions, e.g. like, believe, know.
She doesn’t like chorizo.
Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about:
• something that is happening now or ‘around now’.
They’re playing tennis at the moment.
• temporary situations.
He’s visiting his grandparents in Ibiza.
• changing or developing situations.
The number of car accidents every year is increasing.
• future arrangements.
She’s going to the cinema this evening.
1 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the present simple or present
continuous.
Kim usually visits (visit) her cousins at the weekend. At the moment Linda is working (work)
as a motorcycle courier.
1 Tom ……………… often ……………… (not go) to the Cyber café.
2 Excuse me. ……………… you ……………… (know) how to get to Church Street?
3 What ……………… you ……………… (listen to)?
4 Juan ……………… (work) for the Iberia airline. He’s a pilot.
5 In the summer, the sun ……………… (rise) at five o’clock in the morning.
6 I ……………… (not like) my gym. I ……………… (not get) fit fast enough!
7 Tom and I ……………… (go) to the beach this weekend.
2 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the present simple or present continuous.
It’s the year 2100. Ben 1……………… (be) a computer programmer and he 2……………… (live) on the
moon. Every day at 18.00 he 3……………… (finish) work at the space station and 4……………… (go) to
the Matrix café. It’s 18.30 and Ben 5……………… (look out) of the café window at the space cars
flying by. Every day he 6……………… (watch) the same space cars, but today is different. Ben
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……………… (not sit) alone. There 8……………… (be) a girl at his table. She 9……………… (read) a digital
magazine. The girl is very beautiful. She 10……………… (have got) short, orange hair and yellow eyes.
She 11……………… (wear) a green space suit.‘12……………… I ……………… (know) you?’ she asks.‘I
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……………… (not think) so,’ says Ben. ‘I’m Ben. What’s your name?’
3 Write the questions. Use the present simple or present continuous. Then answer them.
1 What / you / do / next weekend?
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 How often / you / go / to the cinema?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 What time / you / usually / get up?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4 What / you / wear / today?
………………………………………………………………………………
Past simple and past continuous
Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action in the past.
Mark went to the cinema last night.
Past continuous
We use the past continuous to talk about:
• an action which was in progress at a particular time in the past.
They were watching TV at nine o’clock last night.
• an action in the past that is interrupted by another action
I was walking along the street when someone stole my bag.
1 Choose the correct tenses.
It was one o’clock in the morning and I 1 was lying / lay awake in bed. The wind
2
was blowing / blew outside and it 3 rained / was raining. Suddenly I 4 heard / was
hearing a loud crash. It 5 came / was coming from downstairs. I 6 got up / was
getting up and 7 switched on / was switching on the light. Everything was quiet and
still. Only the clock in the hallway 8 was ticking / ticked. I 9 walked / was walking
down the stairs when I 10 noticed / was noticing something strange. The front door was
wide open.
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2 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the past simple or past
continuous.
Peter was driving (drive) home when he saw (see) the accident.
1 I ……………… (watch) TV when the phone ……………… (ring).
2 He ……………… (wear) sunglasses when I ……………… (meet) him.
3 She ……………… (fall) asleep while she ……………… (do) her homework.
4 The pop star ……………… (sing) when the lights ……………… (go out).
5 It ……………… (start) to rain when we ……………… (walk) on the beach.
3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the past simple or past continuous.
1
At midnight last night rescue teams ……………… (search) for victims after a giant tornado
2
……………… (hit) Oklahoma and Kansas. The storm flattened more than 5,000 homes and
3
……………… (injure) more than 700 people.
Robert Hensley 4……………… (hide) in his cellar when the tornado 5………………
(destroy) his home. ‘I 6……………… (not come out) until two hours later,’ he said,
‘My house was gone and I 7……………… (not recognize) the street.’
Mary Richardson 8……………… (have) a bath when she 9……………… (hear) the tornado. She
quickly 10……………… (put on) a coat and 11……………… (escape) to the local high school. ‘I
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……………… (run) to the school when the tornado 13……………… (strike) my house,’ she said. ‘It
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……………… (be) a very frightening experience.’
4 Write the questions. Use the past simple or past continuous.

1 What / the rescue teams / do at midnight?
………………………………………………
2 How many / homes / the storm / destroy?
………………………………………………
3 Where / Robert Hensley / hide / when the tornado hit his home?
………………………………………………
4 When / he / come out?
………………………………………………
5 Who / have a bath / when the tornado arrived?
………………………………………………
Present perfect simple and past simple
Present perfect simple

We use the present perfect simple:
• to talk about an experience in somebody’s life. (We don’t say when it happened.)
He’s had a mobile phone for a long time.
• with for and since to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the
present.
Tim’s known Kate since he was ten.
• with just, yet and already for a past action with a result in the present.
I’ve just bought a new mountain bike.
Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action that happened at a definite time in the
past.
We saw John at the weekend.
1 Choose the correct words.

1 They’ve already / yet visited Venice.
2 Have you ever / never seen a ghost?
3 Has she finished work just / yet?
4 They’ve been married for / since October.
5 Lucy has worked in the circus since / for she was a child.
6 David has just / yet got back from holiday.
2 Complete the newspaper extracts. Use the correct form of the present perfect simple
or past simple.
Last night a massive tidal wave 1……………… (hit) the coast of Mexico. Over 5,000 people
2
……………… (already / lose) their homes.
Yesterday a girl 3……………… (hand in) a briefcase containing £100,000 to the police. The girl
found the briefcase at Euston railway station.
The cost of living in Britain 4……………… (rise) again. Last year prices in British supermarkets
5
……………… (increase) by more than 5 per cent.
3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the present perfect simple or past simple.
1
…………… you …………… (ever / dream) of being a film star? Leonardo DiCaprio was only five years
old when he 2………….…(star) in his first TV show, and just thirteen when he 3……………… (appear) in
his first film. Since then he 4……………… (not stop) working. He 5……………… (be) in over fifteen films
and he 6……………… (work) with stars such as Robert De Niro and Johnny Depp.
Leonardo 7……………… (be) born in Los Angeles in 1974. After appearing in TV shows, he
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……………… (get) his first film role in Critters 3, then he starred in Romeo and Juliet. But it
9
……………… (not be) until Titanic that
he 10……………… (become) a world-famous teen idol. It was then that Leonardo 11……………… (begin) to
appear on magazine covers around the world.
Since Titanic, Leonardo 12……………… (be) very busy. He 13
……………… (already / make) three more
films and 14…………… (just / start) work on another.
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LKL Colegio Luther King La Laguna
Cuadernillo de verano
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Will, going to and present continuous
will
We use will to talk about:
• general predictions.
By 2100, most people will live to 130.
• decisions that are made at the moment of speaking (e.g. an offer to do something).
A: Is that the telephone?
B: Yes, it is. I’ll answer it.
going to
We use going to to talk about:
• predictions based on evidence.
Look at that car! It’s going to crash!
• intentions, or plans, where the decision has been made before the moment of speaking.
He’s going to study English at Oxford.
Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about future arrangements. We often give the time and/or
place.
I’m meeting Anna in town tomorrow.
1 Complete the conversations. Use the correct form of will or going to.
1 ‘I’ve decided to go to university.’
‘Really? Which subject ……………… you ……………… (study)?’
2 ‘Do you think that computers ……………… (control) our lives in the future?’
‘No, of course not!’
3 ‘Why are you wearing a tracksuit?’
‘I ……………… (play) tennis in the park with David.’
4 ‘It’s very cold in here.’
‘Yes, you’re right. I ……………… (close) the window.’
5 ‘That woman looks very pale.’
‘Yes, I think she ……………… (faint).’
6 ‘Why are you turning on the radio?’
‘I ……………… (listen) to the news.’
7 ‘I can’t work out this maths problem.’
‘I ……………… (help) you with it.’

1 In a hundred years time I think people will live / are living on the moon.
2 Who are you meeting / will you meet this evening?
3 ‘What are you going to wear for the party?’
‘I haven’t decided yet. Maybe I’ll wear / I’m wearing my new jeans.’
4 Greg passed his driving test last week. He told me he’s going to buy / he’ll buy a car.
5 I feel terrible. I think I’ll be / I’m going to be sick.
6 ‘Where are you going for your summer holidays?’
‘I don’t know yet. Perhaps I’ll go / I’m going to go to Torremolinos.’
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Hi Pablo!
How are you? A lot has happened since I last wrote. The good news is that I’ve passed all my
exams, and 1 I’ll start / I’m starting university in September. 2 I’m going to study / I’ll
study Spanish and Catalan at Middlesex University in London, so 3 I’ll be able to / I’m being
able to write e-mails in Catalan soon! I’ve also got a new boyfriend called Matthew. He’s a year
older than me and he’s really nice.
Next week 4 we’ll go / we’re going to a Blur concert in Manchester. Matthew queued for six
hours for the tickets!Unfortunately 5 I’m not seeing / I won’t see Matthew very often after I
start university. I’ll probably find / I’m probably finding a
flat in London, and 7 he’ll definitely stay / he’s definitely going to stay in Manchester. But
we’re seeing / we’ll see each other at weekends. Are you coming / Will you come and
visit me in London? I hope so.
Love,
Clare
Future perfect simple and future continuous
Future perfect simple and future continuous

Use
We use the future perfect simple to talk about an activity that will be finished by a specific time
in the future.
They‘ll have finished building the bridge by next January.
We use the future continuous to talk about an activity that will be in progress at a specific time
in the future.
This time next week I’ll be flying to Rome.
Form
Future perfect simple: we use will + have/has + past participle.
I’ll have finished my homework in an hour.
Future continuous: we use will + be + the -ing form of the verb.
In an hour, I’ll be getting ready to go out.
1 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the future perfect simple or the future
continuous.
1 This time next week we ……………… (ski) in the French Alps.
2 Greg is taking a year off to travel. By the end of next year he ……………… (visit) seven countries.
3 ‘What will you be doing this time tomorrow?’
‘I ……………… (take) my English exam.’
4 Don’t come round at six o’clock. I ……………… (still / do) my homework. If you want to come round
at seven, you can. I ……………… (finish) it by then.
5 Jill has accepted a job abroad. This time next month she ……………… (work) in Paris.
6 Next year, I ……………… (live) in this house for ten years.
2 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the future perfect simple or future
continuous.
What 1……………… we ……………… (do) in a hundred years’ time? According to NASA Scientists we
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……………… (travel) in outer space. By the twenty-second century man 3……………… (develop) a quick
way of getting to the stars, and the first long-distance spaceships 4……………… (leave) Earth.
However, these spaceships won’t be the first to explore outer space. Other spaceships 5………………
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(already / voyage) into the unknown. In fact, the first unmanned ship, Pioneer 10, was launched in
1972. Pioneer 10 will be in space for thousands of years, and in 32,000 years’ time it will pass a star
called Ross 248. By the time Pioneer 10 gets there, man
……………… (already / reach) Ross 248 and 7……………… (colonize) the planets around it. What
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……………… these humans ……………… (do) when Pioneer 10 passes by? Will they remember that it
was the first spaceship to venture into outer space?
3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

1 This time tomorrow I’ll be …………………………………………………………………
2 By next weekend I’ll have ………………………………………………………………
3 In six months’ time I’ll be …………………………………………………………………
4 By the end of this year I’ll have ……………………………………………………………
5 In three years’ time I’ll be …………………………………………………………………
Defining and non-defining relative clauses
1 Combine the sentences. Use who, which, whose, where or when.

Ivan is very good-looking. (He’s Helen’s brother.)
Ivan, who is Helen’s brother, is very good-looking.
1 The book is about a murder on the Nile. (It was written by Agatha Christie.)
…………………………………………………
2 The diamond necklace has been found by the police. (It was stolen last week.)
…………………………………………………
3 Steven Spielberg lives in Hollywood. (He is a famous film director.)
…………………………………………………
4 My friend Isabel wants to do media studies. (Her father is a TV presenter.)
…………………………………………………
5 The new club plays great music. (Jamie works there.)
……………………………………………
6 My holiday in Ibiza was wonderful. (I first met Jenny then.)
…………………………………………………
7 The new band is very good. (It was formed last year.)
……………………………………………
2 Combine the sentences. Use who, which, that, where or when.

That’s the school. I used to go to it.
That’s the school that I used to go to.

1 There’s the girl. I was telling you about her.
…………………………………………………
2 That was the day. They got married then.
…………………………………………………
3 She’s the girl. Her brother plays in the football team.
…………………………………………………
4 That’s the café. I meet my friends there.
…………………………………………………
5 This is the film. I’ve been waiting to see it for ages.
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Modal verbs: must and have to

1 Complete the sentences with must or have to/has to.
I must remember to buy some new shampoo tomorrow.
We have to arrive at school before 8.30 every morning.
1 In my country you ……………… be sixteen before you can get married. It’s the law.
2 I ……………… send an email to Cathy tonight. I haven’t been in touch with her for ages.
3 You ……………… help your brother with his homework. He’s having real problems.
4 All the students at my friend’s school ……………… wear a uniform.
5 In Britain, everybody ……………… drive on the right-hand side of the road.
6 We ……………… buy a present for Dad. It’s his birthday next week.
2 Complete the sentences with mustn’t or don’t have to / doesn’t have to.
1 You ……………… bring an umbrella. It isn’t raining.

2 Rachel ……………… forget to water the plants while her parents are on holiday.
3 We ……………… go to school tomorrow. It’s a national holiday.
4 He ……………… bring his CD player to the party. We’ve already got one.
5 You ……………… ride a motorbike without wearing a helmet.
6 ‘I’m flying to Seville tomorrow.’
‘You …………… forget your passport this time!’
7 They ……………… meet us at the airport. We’re going to get a taxi into town.
8 You ……………… talk during the exam.
3 Choose the correct words.

When The Face Model Agency offered fifteen-year-old Julie Willis a job, it was a dream
come true. However, once she started work, Julie found she had no time for school. Finally she
decided she 1 had to / mustn’t leave. Many people criticized her decision.
‘It was a difficult thing to do,’ says Julie. ‘And I miss all my friends. But I 2 had to / must make
a choice. Although I 3 don’t have to / mustn’t go to school, I still 4 have to / mustn’t study. I
have a private tutor now. My parents told me I 5 don’t have to / have to take some exams.’
6
‘Most models retire young,’ adds Julie’s mother. ‘So Julie mustn’t / doesn’t have to
forget that she needs qualifications for her next job.’
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But at the moment Julie isn’t worried about the future. ‘Next week I have to / mustn’t go to
New York for a photoshoot,’ she says.
‘I still can’t believe my luck!’
Modal verbs: may, might, could, must, can’t
Modal verbs: may, might, could, must, can’t

Use
We use may, might and could when we think something is possible in the present or future.
Certain diets may prevent cancer.
We use must when we think something is certain in the present or future.
He must be very ill. He’s been off work all week.
We use can’t when we think something is impossible in the present or future.
You can’t be hungry. You’ve just eaten a huge pizza.
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We use may have, might have, could have, must have and can’t have + past participle to
make deductions about the past.
I’m not sure, but I think Jamie may have
gone home.
Form
must/can’t/might/may/could + infinitive
They might go to France for their holidays, but they haven’t decided yet.
may have, might have, could have, must have and can’t have + past participle
Jenny isn’t in her room. She must have gone out.
1 Rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs.

Mark is thinking about going snowboarding. (might)
Mark might go snowboarding.
1 It’s possible that Jane will visit Switzerland next year. (could)
………………………………………………
2 I’m thinking about taking Spanish lessons. (may)
………………………………………………
3 I’m sure they’ll be home by now. (must)
………………………………………………
4 James definitely isn’t eighteen yet! (can’t)
………………………………………………
5 It’s possible the weather will be sunny tomorrow. (might)
………………………………………………
2 Read the story. Then rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs.
Mr Smith was an ordinary man. Every day he went to work at nine o’clock and came back at half
past five. Mr Smith was married to Mrs Smith. One day Mrs Smith disappeared. The next day Mr
Smith started planting flowers in his garden. He continued to go to work as usual. Then one day
he didn’t go to work. He left the house at ten o’clock, and came back at two o’clock driving a
new car. The next day Mr Smith moved out. I never saw him again.
There’s a possibility that he argued with his wife. (might)

He might have argued with his wife.
1 I’m sure that Mrs Smith didn’t leave home. (can’t)
Mrs Smith ……………………………………
2 Perhaps she’s gone to stay with her mother. (might)
She …………………………………………
3 It’s possible that Mr Smith committed a crime. (may)
Mr Smith ……………………………………
4 I’m certain that he buried something in the garden. (must)
He ……………………………………………
5 Perhaps he won the lottery. (could)
He ……………………………………………
6 I’m sure he bought a new car. (must)
He ……………………………………………
7 Perhaps Mr Smith murdered his wife. (might)
Mr Smith ……………………………………
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First, second and third conditionals
First conditional
We use the first conditional to talk about
situations that are possible or likely to happen.
If he finishes his homework, he’ll go to the cinema.
Second conditional
We use the second conditional to talk about situations which are imaginary or unlikely to
happen.
If I met Leonardo DiCaprio, I’d ask him for his autograph.
Third conditional
We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary or hypothetical situations in the past.
If she had got up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train.
1 Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 If she had more time, … a he’d ride it to school.
2 If she has the new Star Wars game, … b she’ll let you play it.
3 If I was rich, … c I’d buy a sports car.
4 He would have phoned the police … d she would have known the result.
5 If he had a motorbike, … e I’ll tell you.
6 If she had watched the tennis match, … f she’d learn another language.
7 If I find the letter, … g if he’d seen the robbery.
2 Read the text. Then complete the sentences in the first, second or third conditional.
Use the correct form of the verbs.
Andrew Chance’s mother was horrified when she received her son’s Internet shopping bill.
Thirteen-year-old Andrew had spent nearly £1 million on eMall, an American Internet shopping
site. Andrew used his parents’ password to get into the
site. He then bought a Rolls Royce, a Van Gogh painting and an antique bed. ‘I’m in big trouble,’
the worried teenager said yesterday.
1 If Andrew’s parents ……………… (not buy) him the computer, he wouldn’t have shopped on the
Internet.
2 Andrew would make more friends if he ……………… (spend) less time on the Internet.
3 If his parents ……………… (find out) earlier, Andrew would have spent less money.
4 If Andrew’s mother doesn’t pay, she ……………… (have to) go to prison.
5 Andrew ……………… (not get) into trouble if he hadn’t used his parents’ password.
6 If I ……………… (be) Andrew’s mother, I’d sell his computer.
7 If teenagers ……………… (have) a computer, they’ll want to surf the Internet.
3 Rewrite the sentences in the first, second or third conditional.

He can’t find his wallet so he’s angry.
(Second conditional) If he could find his wallet, he wouldn’t be angry.
1 In order to lose weight you need to exercise more.
(First conditional) If you want ………………………………………………………………
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2 He may be late, but he can meet us at the Blue Note café.
(First conditional) If he’s ……………………………………………………………………
3 An old woman saw him burgle the house. That’s why he’s in prison.
(Third conditional) If she hadn’t ……………………………………………………………
4 He wants to be rich and famous. Then he’ll be happy.
(Second conditional) If he was ………………………………………………………………
5 Dave fell asleep so he missed the end of
the film. (Third conditional) If he hadn’t ……………...………………………………………………..
The passive
The passive
Use
We use the passive when we don’t know who or what does the action, or when it isn’t
important.
After the car accident, Peter was arrested.
The space shuttle will be launched on 4th July.
We use the active when we know who or what does the action, and it’s important.
After the car accident, the police arrested Peter.
NASA will launch the space shuttle on 4th July.
Form
We use the correct tense of the verb be +
past participle.
These computers are made in Japan.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
The crime will be investigated by the police.
1 Underline the passive verbs. Then rewrite the sentences in the active.
A valuable painting was stolen from the Louvre last night.

Someone stole a valuable painting from the Louvre last night.
1 The World Cup is watched by millions of football fans.
Millions of football fans ……………………………………………………………………
2 The film premiere will be attended by lots of stars.
Lots of stars …………………………………………………………………………………
3 The first movie camera was invented by William Dickson in 1891.
William Dickson ……………………………………………………………………………
4 The new Virgin Megastore will be opened by Robbie Williams.
Robbie Williams ……………………………………………………………………………
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the passive.

1 The leather jacket ……………… (design) by a famous designer. It cost £3,500.
2 The new Boyzone album ……………… (not release) until September.
3 A lot of computer games ……………… (make) in Taiwan these days. Most of the
games ……………… (export) to America and Europe.
4 Madonna is a very popular singer. Every week millions of her CDs ……………… (sell) around the
world.
5 Romeo and Juliet ……………… (perform) at the Globe Theatre next Saturday.
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3 Complete the article with the correct form of the passive.
Stunts
Nowadays, action films are getting more and more spectacular. Many special effects are
added (add) to make the action more realistic. It’s impossible to control the weather during
filming. As a result, weather effects 1……………… often ……………… (create) for the film. For example,
the winter scenes in Young Sherlock Holmes 2……………… (not film) in winter, but in the middle of
summer. The snow 3……………… (make) from polystyrene! Car chases, high-speed crashes, or falls
from high buildings 4……………… (not play) by the stars themselves – they 5……………… (do) by
stuntmen. In Volcano, stuntmen 6……………… (set on fire). However, the actors 7………………
(protect) by several layers of special clothing, so nobody 8……………… (injure). In the future, many
stunts 9……………… (not need). Most effects 10……………… (generate) by computer, so action films
should be safer and easier to make.
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Reported speech: statements
Reported speech: statements

In reported speech, the verb moves back a tense, e.g. present simple > past simple, present
continuous > past continuous, etc.
‘I like heavy metal music’ He said that he liked heavy metal music.
‘I’m studying French and Spanish.’ She said that she was studying French and Spanish.
The past perfect tense and modal verbs should, could, might and ought to don’t change in
reported speech.
‘You should ask him out.’ She said that I should ask him out.
The two most common reporting verbs are say and tell.
We use say + that + clause.
He said that he was going out with Jane that night.
We use tell + object pronoun + that + clause.
He told me that he was going out with Jane that night.
1 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

1 ‘She goes out with her friends every night.’ Sue’s father said that ………………………
………………………………………………
2 ‘I bought the tickets yesterday.’ She said that ………………………………
………………………………………………
3 ‘They’re going to Florida next week.’ Tim told me that ……………………………
………………………………………………
4 ‘He won’t be in the office tomorrow.’ The secretary said that ………………………
………………………………………………
5 ‘Jenny has passed her driving test.’ Jenny’s brother told me that ………………
………………………………………………
6 ‘Carl might come to the football match this afternoon.’
He told me that ……………………………………………………………………………
2 Read the interview. Then complete the summary.
Interviewer I hear you have a very unusual job.

Mr Fogarty That’s right.
Interviewer So what do you do?
Mr Fogarty Well, I’m investigating the Loch Ness monster. Every day I go to Loch
Ness and wait for the monster to appear.
Interviewer And have you ever seen the monster?

Mr Fogarty Yes, I have. It was very foggy and I tried to take a photograph, but
unfortunately my camera didn’t work.
Interviewer Do you think you’ll see it again?
Mr Fogarty I might see it again if I’m lucky.
Interviewer And what do people think about your job?
Mr Fogarty Many people think it’s a strange job to have. They don’t believe in
the Loch Ness monster, but I know it’s out there somewhere.
The interviewer asked Mr Fogarty what he did.
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He explained that he was investigating the Loch Ness Monster. He said that every day he
1
……………… . to Loch Ness and 2……………… for the monster to appear. He claimed that he
3
……………… the monster. He said that it 4……………… very foggy and he 5……………… to take a
photograph, but unfortunately his camera 6……………… . He said that he 7……………… it again if he
8
……………… lucky. He admitted that many people 9……………… his job was strange. He said that they
……………… in the Loch Ness monster, but he 11……………… it was out there somewhere.
Reported speech: questions and commands
Reported speech
In reported speech, the verb moves back a tense, e.g. present simple > past simple, present
continuous > past continuous, etc.
‘Are you a student?’ He asked me if I was a student.
‘Is Lisa watching TV?’ She asked me if Lisa was watching TV.
The past perfect tense and modal verbs should, could, might and ought to don’t change in
reported speech.
‘What should I do?’ She asked me what she should do.
Reported questions
We use ask, want to know or wondered to
report questions. We change the interrogative form to the affirmative form, and we put the
subject before the verb.
‘Where are you?’ He wanted to know where I was.
A yes/no question is introduced by if or whether.
‘Can I borrow your bike?’ She wondered if/whether she could borrow my bike.
1 Rewrite the questions in reported speech.

1 ‘Will the flight be delayed?’ Jill wanted to know …………………….……
2 ‘Where have you been all night?’ My parents wanted to know …………………
3 ‘Will I pass my exam?’ Mark wondered ………………………………
4 ‘Did you remember the invitations?’ Sue asked me …………………………………
5 ‘How long have you been learning German?’ Karl wondered ………………………………
Reported commands
We use told/asked + object + (not) to + infinitive.
‘Please help me’. He asked her to help him.
‘Don’t shout at me.’ She told him not to shout at her.
2 Rewrite the commands in reported speech.

‘Keep to the left.’
The police officer told the cyclist to keep to the left.
1 ‘Please don’t smoke in this area.’

The waitress asked them ………………………
2 ‘Sit down and be quiet.’
The teacher told the class ……………………
3 ‘Don’t forget to post the letter.’
Jane told her boyfriend ………………………
4 ‘Don’t talk during the exam.’
The examiner told us …………………………
5 ‘Please switch off your mobile phone.’
The air hostess asked him ……………………
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3 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Use the correct form of the verbs from the
box.
order warn remind offer advise

‘Put down your gun, Paul.’
The police officer ordered Paul to put down his gun.
1 ‘I think you should have a holiday, Kate.’ He ……………………………………………
2 ‘Don’t touch that electric wire, John. It’s dangerous!’ She ……………………………………………
3 ‘Would you like me to help you, Brad?’ She ……………………………………………
4 ‘Jamie, don’t forget that it’s Julie’s birthday on Friday.’ She ……………………………………………
Gerunds and infinitives
Gerunds and infinitives

We use gerunds after prepositions (e.g. without, before) and after certain verbs (e.g. enjoy,
can’t stand, afraid of).
She left without saying goodbye.
He enjoys going rollerblading at the weekend.
We use infinitives after certain verbs (e.g. want, hope, offer).
Paul offered to repair Sue’s bike.
After some verbs (e.g. like, love, hate, prefer, start, continue) we can use either the gerund or
infinitive with no change in meaning.
I like playing tennis.
I like to play tennis.
1 Rewrite the sentences using gerunds.

Tim cycled into town. He didn’t stop.
Tim cycled into town without stopping.
1 Rachel lost the race. She was very angry. Rachel was angry about ……………………
2 We didn’t go to the cinema, we watched a video at home. Instead of …………….
3 Ivan passed his driving test because he practised every weekend.By ………………………
4 Gillian read the newspaper then she phoned her friend. Before ……………………
5 They left the disco and went for a coffee. After ………………………
6 Jake has split up with his girlfriend. He’s upset. Jake is upset about …………
2 Choose the correct forms.

1 Tony wants to go / going travelling before he goes to university.

2 He promised to buy / buying her a diamond ring for their anniversary.
3 Have you ever considered studying / to study abroad?
4 He agreed to buy / buying the motorbike for £2,000.
5 John has been a farmer for twenty years. He’s used to getting up / get up early.
6 It’s cold today. You shouldn’t go out without wearing / to wear your coat.
3 Complete the story with gerunds or infinitives.
A haunted house
24
When I was a child I used to spend my holidays at my aunt and uncle’s old country
house. One summer I remember having (have) a strange experience.
It was a hot afternoon, and my cousins suggested 1……………… (play) hide-and-seek.
But instead of 2……………… (go) outside, we decided 3……………… (play) in the attic. After
……………… (turn off) all the lights, we all hid in different places. I managed
5
……………… (hide) behind an old sofa.
Then something odd happened. In the darkness we heard footsteps come into the room. The
footsteps seemed 6……………… (walk) towards the sofa. I wanted 7………………
(move), but I couldn’t. I expected something terrible 8……………… (happen). Then suddenly the
footsteps stopped and the door slammed shut. After 9……………… (wait) for a
few seconds, we jumped up and ran downstairs without 10……………… (stop).
We told my aunt and uncle, but they refused ……………… (believe) us. Mysteriously the
house burned down a year later. The fire started in the attic
25
REVISION (grammar and vocabulary)
1.- Complete the paragraph with the past form of the verbs.
It …………… (1 rain) as I …………… (2 walk) home so I …………… (3 get) extremely wet. By the
time I …………… (4 arrive) home, my mum …………… (5 put) out some dry clothes for me.
2.- Rewrite each sentence using the words below.

1 We finished dinner. My brother went out.
As soon as ………………………………………………………………………...
2 I travelled round Africa. I met a lot of interesting people.
While I ……………………………………………………………………………
3 This street was much quieter 10 years ago.
This street used …………………………………………………………………...
4 They were married for a short time. Then they got divorced.
When they got divorced, they …………………………………………………………………………………….
5 My father had four cars before he was 20.
By the time my father …………………………………………………………….
3.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of go or get.

1 I …………… bored with that book so I stopped reading it.
2 Do you …………… tired when you stay up late?
3 When she heard the news, she …………… white with shock.
4 I’m worried about my hair. I think I’m …………… bald.
5 The dog …………… very excited every time you visit.
4.- Complete the sentences with the past simple or present perfect simple form of the
verbs.
1 Tom is very thin. He ……………….. (lose) a lot of weight.
2 I really like your trainers. Where ……………….. (you / buy) them?
3 I ……………….. (not feel) well yesterday, but I’m all right now.
4 How long……………….. (you / have) your new watch?
5 Oh no! We ……………….. (miss) the bus! I can see it down the road.
5.- Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous form of the
verbs.
1 Laura ……………….. (apply) for a part-time job at a restaurant.
2 I don’t think the bus is going to come. We ……………….. (wait) here for half an hour.
3 Mark ……………….. (play) football in the park for hours.
4 She looks terrible because she ……………….. (not sleep) well recently.
5 How many biscuits ……………….. (they / eat)?
6.- Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun where necessary.

1 Kirsty, birthday was last week, is the youngest in our class.
2 My grandmother, is 65, still works as a teacher.
3 The phone number you gave me for the cinema is wrong.
4 This programme, no one liked at first, is now very popular.
5 The shop I bought my trainers is on this street.
26
7.- Join the sentences using the correct relative pronoun. Omit the relative pronoun if
possible.
1 Have you listened to the CD? I lent it to you last week.
2 Sam and I had lunch in the restaurant. Lucy works there.
3 Joanna is an interesting person. Her ideas are unusual.
4 This is the brochure. It has all the information.
5 Do you remember that day last winter? We couldn’t go to school because of the snow.

1 A year ago Amanda never wore make-up, but now she often wears it.
Amanda never used ……………………………………………………………….
2 The band started playing a few minutes ago.
The band have …………………………………………………………………….
3 I didn’t see Sam for a year. Then I met him in the street yesterday.
When I met Sam in the street yesterday, I ………………………………………..
4 Kate became ill on Tuesday.
Kate has …………………………………………………………………………..
5 On my walk home from school, I dropped my mobile phone.
While ……………………………………………………………………………...
9.- Choose the correct alternative.

1 Let’s go to the beach where / when we went last weekend.
2 ‘Would you like to read this book?’ ‘I’ve already / still read it, thanks.’
3 He’s the artist who’s / whose girlfriend is a famous actress.
4 Dan left home when / by the time he got a job in London.
5 I’m a person who / which loves all kinds of sport.
10.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
1 While we …………… (sit) in the restaurant, someone started singing ‘Happy Birthday’.
2 Before he went to London, he …………… (never / live) in a big city.
3 Let’s stop for a cup of coffee. We …………… (look) round the shops for three hours.
4 I …………… (buy) some new jeans on Saturday.
5 Sarah is studying medicine. She …………… (want) to be a doctor since she was eight.
11.- Complete the sentences with one word each.

1 ‘Why is Jack’s face red?’ ‘He’s …………… run a marathon.’
2 As…………… as we got to the cinema, the film began.
3 That’s the boy …………… was lost in the jungle.
4 They’ve been chatting on the phone …………… ages.
5 I was watching TV …………… someone knocked on the door.
12.- Complete the sentences by adapting the bold words.

1 I love these shoes. They’re so …………… (comfort).
2 The students have been working very hard …………… (recent).
3 My brother is really …………… (adventure). He’s going to travel round Europe on his own.
4 His paintings are popular because they are so…………… (origin).
5 The lady …………… (anxious) looked over her shoulder when she heard a noise.
13.- Complete the sentences with the correct future form of the verb.
1 We’ve decided to leave this hotel. We ……………….. (look) for another one this afternoon.
27
2 I’m sure Sarah ……………….. (enjoy) the party tonight because she’s very sociable.
3 I ……………….. (not save) enough money for a new computer by the end of this month.
4 What time ……………….. your bus ……………….. (get) to London tomorrow?
5 Isabel ……………….. (take) her exams next month while we’re on holiday.

1 I’m taking ten exams in June.
By the end of June I ………………………………………………………………
2 We’ll finish our dinner, then we’ll leave.
We aren’t leaving until …………………………………………………………...
3 After doing his military service, he’s going to go travelling.
He’s going to go travelling when …………………………………………………
4 Are you going to get a motorbike on your 18th birthday?
Are you going to get a motorbike when ………………………………………….
5 When you see what she’s wearing, you’ll laugh.
You’ll laugh as soon …………………………………………………
15.- Write phrasal verbs for these definitions.

1 to make a radio or TV quieter ………………..
2 to remove clothes or shoes from your body ………………..
3 to start a journey ………………..
4 to find unexpectedly ………………..
5 to leave a bus or train ………………..
1 My advice to you is not to watch so much television.
You ……………………………………………………………………………….
2 I’ve never had the ability to draw.
I’ve ……………………………………………………………………………….
3 We can decide on some of our school rules.
We’re …………………………………………………………………………….
4 It was obligatory last year for my grandfather to retire.
My grandfather …………………………………………………………………..
5 It is certain that this is Michael’s coat.
This ………………………………………………………………………………
17.- Complete each sentence with the correct form of a modal verb.
1 Last year I …………… drive, but I can now.
2 I don’t know when the course starts. It …………… start on Monday or Tuesday.
3 You …………… take something that is not yours. It’s against the law.
4 I’m so tired at the moment. I …………… go to bed earlier.

5 ‘Look! There’s Sarah!’ ‘That …………… be Sarah. She’s in France.’
18.- Complete each sentence with a gerund.

1 I hate cigarettes. I’m never going to start …………… .
2 To stop people …………… in exams, you aren’t allowed to take any bags or papers into the
room.
3 My teacher has suggested …………… a degree in psychology at university.
4 I don’t like …………… low marks, so I’m going to revise a lot for my exams.
5 ‘I’ve failed my maths exam.’ ‘Why don’t you try …………… it next month. You’ll probably pass
it then.’
28
19.- Rewrite these sentences in the passive. Omit the agent if possible.
1 Companies do not advertise tobacco on British television.
2 One of our friends has designed our new house.
3 Television mustn’t replace other leisure activities.
4 The channel will show this programme again on Thursday.
5 People did not introduce these new rules until last year.
20.- Write the words in the correct order.

1 paid / much money / was / no one
2 Kirsty / given / ? / been / her presents / has
3 by / you / sent / be / your certificate / the school / should
4 a professional actor / being / we / drama / by / taught / are
5 the police / a neighbour / by / were told / the man’s name

1 No one warned us about the mosquitoes on the island.
We ………………………………………………………………………………...
2 After finishing my training course, I’m going to work in a primary school.
I’m going to work in a primary school when ……………………………………..………………….
3 It’s possible that Simon won’t want to come with us.
Simon …………………………………………………………………………….
4 About 500,000 people speak Welsh.
Welsh …………………………………………………………………………….
5 Use of mobile phones is prohibited in the library.
You aren’t ………………………………………………………………………..

1 I had a great time when I appeared on a TV show. It was really …………… (excite)!
2 My sister is very …………… (annoy) in the mornings because she always spends ages in the
shower.
3 We felt very …………… (disappoint) when we didn’t win the competition.
4 Do you get …………… (bore) at the weekend or do you have a lot to do?
5 It was so …………… (embarrass) when my parents came into the disco.
23.- Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb.
1 ‘Is Adam busy tomorrow?’
‘Yes. He ……………….. (work) in the sports shop all day.’
2 ‘Oh, no. We haven’t got any milk.’ ‘I ……………….. (get) some for you.’
3 I’m sure you ……………….. (make) a lot of friends at university.

4 This postcard ……………….. (send) three weeks ago, but it’s only just arrived!
5 This time next week I ……………….. (not / do) an exam!

1 This book is written / was written in 1985.
2 They ’ll have finished / finishes their dinner in a few minutes.
3 Living very near my school means that I ’m able to / could get up quite late.
4 You can leave now. You needn’t / mustn’t wait for me. I’ll come in a few minutes.
5 I was shown by the shop assistant some cameras / some cameras by the shop
assistant.
29

1 I don’t believe in private …………………… (educate).
2 Have you heard? Jack’s just become a …………………… (million).
3 My brother listens to rock music while he’s doing his homework. It gives him ……………………
(inspire).
4 Did you see that …………………… (comedy) on TV last night? He was so funny.
5 Thousands of people protested against the …………………… (govern) yesterday.
26.- Complete the sentences with one preposition each.

1 ‘What’s that book ……………….. ?’ ‘Living in Africa.’
2 When the concert was ……………….. everyone left the theatre.
3 When Eduardo went round the world, all his friends went to the airport to see him
………………..
4 I’m going to apply ……………….. university because I’d love to study languages.
5 I wasn’t ……………….. last night so I didn’t see the final of Pop Idol.

1 She had to retake her test because she got such a bad note / mark.
2 Can you imagine going / to go to a boarding school?
3 I think reality shows are interesting / interested because you see people in difficult
situations.
4 My parents were so disappointing / disappointed when I didn’t get into the football
team.
5 The head teacher can fail / expel a student who is violent.
28.- Complete with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1 ‘What …………… Tom …………… (say) if he …………… (know) about our plans?’ ‘I don’t know,
but I’m not going to tell him!’
2 Unless the weather …………… (improve), we …………… (not / be able to) swim this
afternoon.
3 Lucy met the director of a TV company at a party and he offered her a job. If she ……………
(not / meet) him, she …………… (not / get) the job.
4 Sometimes I have problems sleeping. If I …………… (sleep) badly, I …………… (be) very tired
the next day.
5 I saw some great shoes but I didn’t buy them because I didn’t have any money with me. I
…………… (buy) them if I …………… (have) the money.
29.- Rewrite the sentences using the words below.

1 If you don’t invite Marco, he won’t come. Unless you ………………………………………...
2 We didn’t visit you in hospital because we didn’t know you were ill.
We would have visited you in hospital if…………………………………………………………….
3 My advice to you is to apply for a new job.
If I…………………………………………………………………………………
4 Many people are unemployed. They often get depressed.
If people …………………………………………………………………………..
5 We’ll go for a long walk only if it’s sunny tomorrow.
If it ………………………………………………………………………………
30
30.- Complete the sentences with a reporting verb. Do not use ‘said’.
1 When I was younger, my parents always e……………….. that it was dangerous to talk to
strangers.
2 He d……………….. that he loved her and he asked her to marry him.
3 Kate had a bad headache so I a……………….. her to take an aspirin.
4 The unfriendly neighbour o……………….. the children to stay out of his garden.
5 The children a……………….. that they had broken the window by accident.
31.- Transform the sentences into reported speech.

1 ‘What are you doing tonight?’ Louise asked her friends.
2 ‘I know this town well because I lived here last year,’ Jack explained.
3 ‘I must go to the supermarket tomorrow,’ my mother said.
4 ‘Can you remember your brother’s phone number?’ Sam asked me.
5 ‘I can’t believe I’ve won the competition,’ said Michelle.

1 ‘Don’t forget to come to my party tomorrow,’ Emma told us.
Emma told us ……………………………………………………………………..
2 I didn’t get up early because I didn’t have to go to school.
If I’d had to go to school, I ……………………………………………………….
3 ‘Are you alright?’ Dan asked his mum.
Dan asked his mum………………………………………………………………
4 ‘Go home!’ the man said to the dog.
The man ordered ………………………………………………………………….
5 My grandparents gave me £100, so I had some driving lessons.
I wouldn’t have had any driving lessons if……...………………………………...
33.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
1 If you exercise regularly, you ……………………… (get) fit.
2 When Ryan finally arrived, he apologized. He said he ……………………… (miss) the bus.
3 This coat ……………………… (look) better if it was a bit shorter.
4 My friends advised me ……………………… (not / wear) jeans for my interview.
5 You ……………………… (get) the job if you ……………………… (not / wear) jeans.

1 If there’s a shortage of food in the countryside, people usually go / will go to the city.
2 The species wouldn’t be / wouldn’t have been extinct if we still had a lot of forests.
3 The Iberian lynx won’t be saved unless people will stop / stop hunting.
4 If I knew / ’d known you were going to spend all the money, I wouldn’t have given it to
you.
5 The politician said that he hadn’t been / wasn’t going to America before.

1 You’ve really upset Karim. You should make an (apologize).
2 They answered all the questions (confident).
3 Has the thief made a (confess) yet?
4 Read the (explain) and then you’ll understand how to play the game.
5 We can speak English (good).
31
Colegio Luther King
La Laguna

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English

The contents you should be able to master in September are:

Don’t forget to submit this notebook on the day of the exam.

Do your best and enjoy your holidays!

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

Present simple and present continuous

1 What / you / do / next weekend?

Past simple and past continuous

1 Choose the correct tenses.

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

4 Write the questions. Use the past simple or past continuous.

Present perfect simple and past simple

Present perfect simple

1 Choose the correct words.

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

Will, going to and present continuous

2 Choose the correct tenses.

Future perfect simple and future continuous

Future perfect simple and future continuous

3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

Defining and non-defining relative clauses

1 Combine the sentences. Use who, which, whose, where or when.

2 Combine the sentences. Use who, which, that, where or when.

That’s the school that I used to go to.

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

Modal verbs: must and have to

1 You ……………… bring an umbrella. It isn’t raining.

3 Choose the correct words.

Modal verbs: may, might, could, must, can’t

Modal verbs: may, might, could, must, can’t

1 Rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs.

There’s a possibility that he argued with his wife. (might)

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

First, second and third conditionals

1 Match the two parts of the sentences.

7 If teenagers ……………… (have) a computer, they’ll want to surf the Internet.

3 Rewrite the sentences in the first, second or third conditional.

A valuable painting was stolen from the Louvre last night.

Robbie Williams ……………………………………………………………………………

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the passive.

3 Complete the article with the correct form of the passive.

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

Colegio Luther King La Laguna |

Reported speech: statements

Reported speech: statements

1 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

2 Read the interview. Then complete the summary.

Interviewer I hear you have a very unusual job.

Interviewer And have you ever seen the monster?

The interviewer asked Mr Fogarty what he did.

Reported speech: questions and commands

1 Rewrite the questions in reported speech.

2 Rewrite the commands in reported speech.

1 ‘Please don’t smoke in this area.’

order warn remind offer advise

Gerunds and infinitives

Gerunds and infinitives

1 Rewrite the sentences using gerunds.

2 Choose the correct forms.

1 Tony wants to go / going travelling before he goes to university.