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Questions
1.
Prove the following result a 3 b3 a b (a 2 ab b 2 ) .
2. Prove by exhaustion that, in the set of natural numbers less than 50, there are fewer square
numbers than prime numbers.
3. Let p be a prime number such that 2 p 25 . Prove, by exhaustion, that for all such p,
p 1 p 1 is divisible by 8 .
4. Prove that an integer is divisible by 5 if and only if it is the sum of five consecutive integers.
(i) Prove that a tin with diameter equal to its height has minimum total surface area for this
volume.
(ii) Jason measures a tin with volume 500 cm3 and finds that it has height 11 cm. Show that
Jason’s tin has about 1% more surface area than a tin with minimum surface area.
Proof:
RHS = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b 2 )
= a3 a2b ab2 ba2 ab2 b3
a3 b3
= LHS
Hence proven.
2. Proof by exhaustion:
All square numbers less than 50 are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49
All prime numbers less than 50 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
Therefore there are fewer squares than primes.
3. Proof by exhaustion:
p p 1 p 1 Multiple of 8?
3 2(4) 8
5 4(6) 24 3(8)
7 6(8) 6(8)
11 10(12) 15(8)
13 12(14) 21(8)
17 16(18) 36(8)
19 18(20) 45(8)
23 22(24) 66(8)
Hence
Integer is sum of five consecutive integers integer is divisible by 5.
dS 1000
For minimum 4 r 2 0
dr r
1000 3 250
So r 3 .
4
2
500 500 250 3
h 2
r
2
2 250 3 250
2 3
2
3
250
The height is twice the radius, hence equal to the diameter.
1000
(ii) S 2 r 2
r
2 1
250 3 3
Minimum surface area 2 1000 348.73
250
500 500
h 11 r 2 and r
11 11
1000 11
S 1000 353.81
11 500
353.81 348.74 1.014 i.e. about 1% more.