STAR RAFINERI A.S.

(STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT
STA R SPECIFICATION
1/16
STAR SPECIFICATION N°
\ STGPS - MR1
REV 5

STEEL STRUCTURES

GENERAL

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·.·.·.·•··············.··.···
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STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 2/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Documents ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Materials .............................................................................................................................. 3

2 DESIGN CRITERIA ............................................................................................................. 3

3 STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS, DRAWINGS AND DETAILS .......................................... 4

3.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 4
3.2 Structural Calculation Reports and Design Basis ................................................................ 4
3.2.1 Structural Calculation Reports ............................................................................................. 4
3.2.2 General Design Requirements ............................................................................................. 5
3.3 Platforms, Handrails, Stairs and Ladders ............................................................................ 7
3.3.1 Platforms and Walkways ...................................................................................................... 8
3.3.2 Flooring ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.3.3 Handrails .............................................................................................................................. 8
3.3.4 Ladders and Safety Gates ................................................................................................... 8
3.3.5 Stairways....................................................................................................................................8
3.3.6 Vessel Platforms .................................................................................................................. 8
3.4 Drawings and Details ........................................................................................................... 9

4 FABRICATION AND ERECTION....................................................................................... 10

4.1 Design and Detailing responsibilities ................................................................................. 10
4.2 Erection Marking System ................................................................................................... 13

5 INSPECTION ..................................................................................................................... 15
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 3/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

1 SCOPE

1.1 General
This specification covers the requirements for the design, fabrication and erection of Structural
Steelworks.
Any points not specifically covered by this specification or by the various codes of practice and
Standards will be resolved by good engineering practice and where necessary referred to
Engineering.

1.2 Documents
All calculation shall be on A4 size sheet except related computer out puts.
Drawing sheet sizes shall be as indicated in STGPS-A1

1.3 Materials
All steel plate and sections shall be grade St 37 in accordance with Turkish Standards,
(Standards of Turkish Institute of Standards) or S275JR according to EN10025. Steel plates of
important thickness might require higher resilience class.
For bolts nuts and welding rods Turkish Standards or EuroNorms (EN14399, EN20898, EN12072,
EN 499, EN 790) shall be followed.
Structural hollow sections shall conform to EN 10210 or EN 10219 or EN ISO 11960. Their use is
allowed upon Client approval.
Embedded steel plates shall conform to grade St 37 in accordance with Turkish
Standards,(Standards of Turkish Institute of Standards) or S275JR according to EN10025.
Different resilience class might be needed for thick plates according to EN 1993-10.
Structural anchor bolts shall conform to grade St 37 Standards of Turkish Institute of Standards)
or S275JR. If pretension is needed sleeved anchor bolts shall be foreseen and high tensile steel
is requested.
Gratings shall conform to grade St 37 in accordance with Turkish Standards, (Standards of
Turkish Institute of Standards) or S275JR according to EN10025. Galvanization shall be in
accordance to EN 1461 and the exposition classes for steel defined as per EN 12944.

2 DESIGN CRITERIA
CONTRACTOR shall refer to STGPS-R4 BD0506A_40A2 CIVIL DESIGN LOADS which covers
the loads and loading combinations to be considered in the design of foundations and concrete or
steel structures for petrochemical plants.
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 4/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

3 STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS, DRAWINGS AND DETAILS

3.1 General
CONTRACTOR shall supply the general layout plan of units on which all structures, control
house, shelters, buildings, substations, warehouses, pipe racks, cable ducts, maintenance areas,
paved areas and access roads will be shown.
General layout plan of units shall be submitted to OWNER for approval. Any revision of layout
plans shall be responsible for design and construction of all civil engineering structures not
mentioned but required for the safe and sound realization of the PROJECT.
Cranes monorails trolleys etc. shall be provided for maintenance of equipment inside or above of
the structures. Capacity shall be adequate to handle heaviest equipment component to be
removed.

3.2 Structural Calculation Reports and Design Basis

3.2.1 Structural Calculation Reports

Calculation and verification of steel structures shall be carried out in accordance with TS 648 and
Eurocode 3 or any other code approved by OWNER.
Structural calculation reports may include the results from an electronic digital computer program.
The following information shall be included in the calculation reports.
A program description (User's Guide) shall be available and contain the information necessary to
determine the nature and extent of the analysis, verify the input data, interpret the results, and
determine whether the computations comply with these recommendations.

A drawing of the complete mathematical model (including joint and element identification
numbers) used to represent the structure in the computer generated analysis shall be provided.

List of all loads for each loading combination (hand calculations) shall be provided (including point
of application direction and intensity etc.) separately from computer print-outs.

All the calculation inputs and outputs (joint coordinates, section properties, all applied forces, all
element forces, displacements etc. not only for critical elements or joints) shall be provided for
each loading condition.

Verification of element forces and joint displacement and beam deflections shall be included to
reports.

All joint, base plate, anchor bolt etc. design calculations shall be provided (included strength,
dimensions, diameter and length)
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 5/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

3.2.2 General Design Requirements

For frame connections and for bracing which are subjected to earthquake loads as well as other
loads welding or high tensile bolts of quality 8.8 or 10.9 according to EN 14339 EN 20898 (or
equivalent) shall be used. High tensile bolts shall be min. 20 mm diameter if geometrically
compatible.
If the bracing elements (eccentric chevron bracing type systems) perform the dual function of
resisting both gravity loads and lateral seismic loads, beams which are supported by brace from
below, must be capable of carrying the tributary gravity loads without the support of the braces.
K-bracing type systems are not allowed.
The strong axis of rack columns shall usually be turned to resist transverse horizontal loads.
In one run of pipe rack, generally the heaviest loaded bent shall be used as the basis of design
and all other bents shall be made the same.
Reliable design indications could be found in ASCE “Manual Wind Loads and anchor design for
petrochemical facilities” and ASCE “Seismic evaluation and design for petrochemical facilities” are
recommended design.

3.2.2.1 Pipe Racks and equipment support steel structures:

The pipe racks and steel structures shall be designed as high ductile systems in both directions.
The pipe racks more than 50 meters in length in longitudinal direction shall be divided into parts,
none of them longer than 50 meters. The partitions of pipe rack in longitudinal direction shall be
arranged so that no equipment “such as air coolers" will rest on different parts of the rack.
Eccentric braced bays shall not be placed where clear access ways are needed. The beams
joining the separately designed pipe racks shall be detailed such that they will not transfer any
moment or horizontal force. This kind of joints shall be noted on general arrangement drawings or
on single line drawings and necessary precautions shall be taken during fireproofing. All the
beams of pipe racks in longitudinal direction which transfer the axial force due to wind or
earthquake shall be also designed for minimum 200 kg/m vertical distributed load addition to dead
load of itself for small piping or future piping even no piping is existing or existing piping load is
smaller than this load. At each level of multi-story of steel structures and at least at the top level of
multi-level pipe racks horizontal bracings shall be provided.

3.2.2.2 Anchor Bolts and Base Plates:

The basis of columns shall generally be treated as pinned, but in special cases may be
considered as fixed. Shear stresses between base plate and concrete shall be transmitted by
shear lugs ( normal steel shapes) welded below the base plate and contained in pockets provided
in the concrete foundation or/and the anchor bolts. Anchor bolts steel section shall be designed
for the shear and tensile force considering the allowable stresses. The maximum allowable
contact pressure between the base plate and the concrete shall be 5 MPa. The required anchor
bolt nominal diameter shall be increased by 3 mm for corrosion allowance.
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 6/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

3.2.2.3 Story Drift Limitation:

The lateral displacement limitations of one level relative to the level above or below due to the
design lateral forces shall not exceed the values given in Specification for structures to be built in
disaster areas.
Note: The above limitations shall be reduced if piping or equipment design requires more stringent
conditions.
Maximum deflection (vertical) of a beam shall satisfy the limitations given in Turkish Standard TS-
648 or the here below values if more stringent.

3.2.2.4 QVertical Deflections

Maximum values of ratio vertical deflection/span of beams under dead and live loads shall be
restricted to the followings:
1) Girders supporting process equipment, directly and indirectly 1/400

2) Beams and joists supporting platforms 1/300

3) Girders and joists under masonry walls 1/500

4) Roof girders and purlins 1/200

5) Pipe Rack frame beams 1/300

6) Cumulative deflection 1/200

7) Cantilevers 1/300

8) Trolley beams manually operated 1/400

9) Trolley beams electrically operated 1/500

10) Crane girder for electrically operated travelling

crane with speed < 90 m/min 1/800

11) Same with speed > 90 m/min 1/1000

STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 7/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

3.2.2.5 Horizontal Deflections

Maximum ratio of horizontal deflection/span of crane
girder for electrically operated travelling crane will be 1/400

3.2.2.6 Horizontal Movements of Columns

Maximum ratio of horizontal deflection/height in upper points of the columns will be:

1) Pipe racks and shelters with no travelling cranes 1/200

2) Process structures, pre-engineered buildings and

shelters with travelling cranes 1/300

3) Sensitive equipment supporting structures 1/400

3.3 Platforms, Handrails, Stairs and Ladders

Primary access to platforms attached to vessels and to auxiliary service platforms shall be by
means of ladders.
Primary access to main operating levels, main service levels and roof of buildings supporting
major equipment shall be by means of stairways.
Main operating and service levels shall be those serving grouped equipment requiring frequent
attention of the operating personnel.
The platforms for serving the equipment and/or equipments at elevated structures shall be so
arranged that walking all around the equipment and/or equipments will not be prevented.
Auxiliary escape exits shall be located so that no point on a platform is horizontally more than
25.0 m walking distance from a primary or auxiliary escape exit and so that no dead end platform
of greater length than 8.0 m. is without an auxiliary cat ladder, but wherever practicable, ladders
shall be provided at all platform ends. Wherever possible platforms at different levels and
around different pieces of equipment on the same plant shall be interconnected by gangways or
stairs or caged ladders in order to facilitate operation and to provide alternative escape routes in
case of fire.
Walks shall be provided over pipeways to permit access to groups of valves, sampling points, and
blinding manifolds which normally require adjustment or maintenance during operation.
Ladder will supply and install to the suitable location between the adjacent terraces to ensure the
accessibility and operability between the terraces. The position and type of ladders will be defined
and finalized during detail engineering phase.
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 8/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

3.3.1 Platforms and Walkways

Minimum platform and walkway widths shall be:
- Platforms not servicing manholes = 80 cm
- Platforms in front of manholes and handholes = 90 cm
- Major operating platforms at the heads of exchangers = 120 cm
- Connecting walkways = 80 cm

Clear headroom above the platforms and walkways shall be 210 cm minimum

3.3.2 Flooring
Open galvanised metal grating shall be used for platform and walkway floor plates. This shall be
rectangular pattern pressure welded grating with 30x3 or 25x5 mm main bars and 6 mm square
twisted transverse bars. Flooring shall be supplied complete with welded-on binding bars,
necessary fixing clips and stair treads shall be complete with welded on end plates and rolled
steel dimpled nosing fitted to front edge. The ends of grating panels (and the edges of radially cut
panels) and cut-outs shall be reinforced. Fasteners for both floor plate and grating shall be
designed to be clipped to the supporting structure. Welding to or drilling through the support
beams is not permitted. Toe boards are required around openings where the normal clearance
between the edge of the plate and the equipment is greater than 75 mm.

3.3.3 Handrails
For typical details refer to steel standards BD0506A-0000-46-001. Reference norm is EN 14122.

3.3.4 Ladders and Safety Gates

For typical details refer to steel standards BD0506A-0000-46-001 Reference norm is EN 14122.

3.3.5 Stairways
For typical details refer to steel standards BD0506A-0000-46-001. Maximum vertical rise in a
single flight shall be limited to 4.0 m with landings 0.9 minimum length. Open galvanised metal
grating shall be used for all stair treads. Reference norm is EN 14122.

3.3.6 Vessel Platforms

For typical details refer to steel standards BD0506A-0000-46-001. Reference norm is EN 14122.
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 9/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

3.4 Drawings and Details

The practices outlined in this section shall be incorporated in the structural steelworks design and
drawings.
1. An index of drawing numbers and titles shall be supplied.

2. A general arrangement drawing of each structure showing all section sizes and mark numbers
together with sufficient dimensions and elevations to enable it to be used as the erection
drawing shall be supplied.

3. Shop drawings showing fabrication details of all members, splices and connections. These
drawings shall preferably be based on the use of the bar method in which each member is
detailed as a separate prior written approval of OWNER.

4. All drawings and details of structures shall be prepared in accordance with calculation
assumptions and calculation results.

5. Details shall show proper reinforcement required in beams at large blocks by adding web
plates or slotted flange plates.

6. The amount of torque which will be applied to high tensile friction bolts at erection shall be
listed on drawings. The minimum size of bolts shall be 20 mm. diameter, except where flanges
prohibit the use of 20 mm. diameter size.

7. Beam to column connections shall be arranged to facilitate erection without tilting of columns.

8. All material showed on a drawing shall be numbered and listed in material list.

9. All columns, except angle columns, shall bear on base plates.

10. The tops of columns for open frame structures and pipe support yard racks shall be cut
square with the top of the highest beam framing into the column to facilitate future additions.

11. At all anchor bolt holes in beams for equipment, provide 10 mm. thick stiffener plates at the
anchor bolt hole site of the web, stiffener plates at the anchor bolt hole side of the web,
stiffeners to straddle anchor bolts. On beams 250 mm. and smaller, a stiffener shall be for the
full depth of the beam web. For beams 300 mm. and larger, stiffener length shall be one half
of the nominal depth of the beam with the top milled to bear against the underside of the top
flange of the beam.

12. At equipment support beams with bolsters, provide stiffeners in the web to match the
stiffeners in the bolster above the beam, stiffener length shall be one-half of the nominal depth
of the beam with the top milled.

13. At horizontal or vertical bracing's holes in gussets shall be arranged to eliminate eccentricity.
The minimum thickness of gussets shall be 8 mm.
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 10/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

14. On welded or bolted trusses, splices to ship the largest possible section as shop assembled
units shall be detailed. Splices for bolted joints shall be detailed. Field welding is not to be
used as splices.

4 FABRICATION AND ERECTION

4.1 Design and Detailing responsibilities

The Fabricator shall be responsible for the design of all connections not specifically detailed on
the arrangement drawings. Loads indicated in chapter 2 shall be used in design. Moreover,
capacity design approach must be strictly followed. General indications according to DBTYBHY
and Eurocode 8 shall be implemented in design.
Design shall include any stiffeners required to carry the forces through the connection and the
connected members and in fully compliance with local codes and standards. Moreover, particular
attention shall be placed to surface preparation and accessibility for painting.
The Fabricator shall prepare and take full responsibility for the accuracy of all shop detail
drawings. Shop details shall be in strict accordance with arrangement drawings and
specifications. The practices outlined in this Job Specification shall be incorporated in the shop
details. Shop details and shop fabrication drawings of structural steel shall be done by the
structural steel Fabricator. Contractor Engineer will spot check the shop drawings details.
Moreover, connections, fabrication and erection shall be in accordance with EN 1990 and
EN12944.
All members both before and after fabrication shall be straight and true, free from twist and
corrosion and in accordance with the profile specified on the drawing.
Prior to fabrication of all members, actual dimensions are to be checked for variations from the
nominal dimensions due to over-rolling. This is particularly important to ensure that correct
alignment of top faces of members which support equipment or steel flooring, especially if seating
cleats are being used. Setting out of beam to column bolts shall generally be measured from the
top of the beam.
Shop connections shall be either bolted or welded. Unless noted otherwise site connections shall
be bolted. Bolts shall not protrude more or less than two threads from the nut. Welding of
brackets, either in shop or field, which tends to prevent the structure from being dismantled at any
time after erection will not be permissible.
All stairways, cat ladders, walkways and platforms shall conform to OWNERS Standard Drawings.
Cat ladders and cages shall be shop assembled and supplied complete or in sections for field
bolting to supporting clips or beams.
Connections shall normally have a minimum of two bolts except for items such as lacing or sag
rods. Departures from this rule may be permitted but only by express permission of OWNER.
Steel flooring shall be supplied complete with manufacturer’s standard clips or other fixings. All
known openings for piping will be marked on the drawings prior to fabrication of the flooring and
these openings are to be cut and reinforced in the shop.
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 11/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

Crane girders for overhead gantry type cranes shall be attached to the roof leg of their supporting
stanchions by means of diaphragms which shall be as nearly as possible to the full depth of the
girder. Suitable packings are to be provided to permit horizontal and vertical adjustment of the
girder. Crane rails shall be bolted to the girders and rail joints shall be staggered from girder joints
by at least 1 m. All bolted connections are to be provided with anti-vibration lock washers.
Where underslung-type cranes are called for, anti vibration lock washers are to be used on all
bolted connections.
At joints in continuous trolley-beam, a dowel shall be inserted in the bottom flanges to ensure
proper alignment.
At the ends of all runway beams, crane girders and the like, adequate stops shall be provided to
prevent running-off by the hoist or crane.
Where friction grid bolts (high strength bolts) are noted, these shall be of load indicating type and
extra care shall be taken in the fabrication of steelworks.
The members with their end plates shall be fabricated to exact lengths. The end plates shall be at
right angles or such other angle noted on the drawings to the axis of the members.
The end plates shall be in one piece and of sufficient thickness to prevent distortion when welded
to members. Any distortion that may occur shall be rectified by machining faces of end plates.
Even so the requirement for exact length must be complied with.
The two contact surfaces to a joint shall be brought together in the shop to check for perfect
seating and the required angle between members.
Shop weldings shall be performed by submerged arc process (MIG/MAG) according to EN 1011.
Each welding shall be qualified according to EN ISO 15607, 15609, 15614 Parts 1 & 2.
CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the welders used are qualified to perform the work involved in
accordance with EN ISO 287. Moreover, Shop firm shall be certified according to EN ISO 3834.
Standard EN ISO 5817 shall be used by DESIGNER, as reference norm, to define welding quality
acceptance levels to be agreeded with OWNER. If not expressely stated quality level C is
assumed.
The OWNER reserves the right, through the inspector to call for the welders to re-perform the
appropriate tests.
The minimum size of weld to be used on stressed connections is 5 mm fillet.
Electrodes shall comply with AWS and the make may require to be approved by OWNER.
Consumables shall comply with EN 790 and EN 499.
For major welded details such as full strength splices in frames, the OWNER reserve the right to
ask the CONTRACTOR to outline his proposed welding procedure for each joint, including the
following information:
1. The type, size and classification of the electrode.

2. The current amperage and minimum open circuit voltage.

3. Details of the edge preparation be used if is not specified on the drawings

STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 12/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

4. The number and arrangements of runs in multirun welds.

5. The welding position.

6. Degree of pre-heat, if any.

The proposed procedure thus outlined shall be approved by OWNER before fabrication proceeds.
Before giving such approval, OWNER reserves the right to call for specimens to be prepared in
the presence of OWNER or his representative inspector and using the proposed procedure. The
inspector may, if the considers it necessary, call for these specimens to be etched, trepanned,
bent, radiographed, or otherwise tested to ensure its soundness. The cost of preparation and
testing of such specimens shall be borne by CONTRACTOR.

The preparation of fusion faces may be by shearing, machining grinding or automatic gas cutting.
Where hand gas-cutting is used, the cutter shall be accurately guided so that the edge is uniform.
Welding shall not be carried out on surfaces which are wet, greasy, oily or otherwise
contaminated.
When the ambient temperature is less than 5 Deg C, fusion faces and the adjacent metal shall be
preheated warm to the hand before welding.
Regardless of ambient temperature, preheating shall always be considered where welding of thick
sections is being carried out. The necessity for preheating and/or post-heating shall be approved
as part of the overall welding procedure as outlined in related paragraphs above.
Sections to be joined shall be securely held in position during welding. The faces of sections
being butt-jointed shall not be out of alignment by more than 25 of the thickness of the material up
to 6 mm or more than 2 mm for thicker sections.
Welding procedures shall be so arranged that distortion is minimized
All welds shall be subject to approval by OWNER or by his representative inspector and no major
weld or the adjacent steelworks shall be coated until the inspector has approved the weld.
Temporary protection by coating with boiled linseed oil is, however permissible. He shall reserve
the right to reject any weld which shows evidence of porosity, slag inclusions, cavities, cracks or
lack of proper fusion. In the event of such rejection, CONTRACTOR shall carry out such
measures of repair, reinforcement, or replacement of the defective joint as OWNER may direct, all
at no extra cost.
Steel structures will be erected such that deviation from vertical axis shall not exceed 1 mm per
meter of the structure height in any direction and it will not be more than 2 cm in total. Necessary
measurements shall be carried out with CONTRACTOR and OWNER together for plumbing
checks. Particular care and detailed erection sequence study shall be issued for important lattice
and truss beams.
Protective coatings shall be in accordance to the Job specification STGPS-N1
Fireproofing shall be in accordance to STGPS-N2. Fireproofing shall be noted F.P. on the
arrangement drawings and on erection drawings. Before fireproofing required elements, all
secondary pipe supports shall have been erected and connected to the structure.
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 13/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

Where possible, Contractor will provide the Fabricator a 3D model to be used into preparing
erection and shop drawings. Erection plans shall be drawn by the Fabricator with erection marks
shown thereon in letters at least 3 mm. high.
Each structure shall have an index sheet. On small jobs, the index may be added into the erection
plan, where convenient. An Erection bolt list specifying the numbers, size, type of connectors, grip
and ordered length of connectors for each connection shall be furnished by the Fabricator. This
list shall be broken down by categories and tiers, as outlined below:
1. Beam to column connections.
2. Beam to beam connections.
3. Column splices.
4. Bracing to column connections.
5. Bracing to beam connections, etc.

A summary of all field connectors by size and length shall also be included.
Where a standard bill of material form is not an integral part of the detail drawing, separate bills of
material listing all main material and fittings with space for convenient "weighing up" of the
structure shall be furnished by the Fabricator.

4.2 Erection Marking System

The erection marking system should be done according to the following system:
The first letter of the mark shall be the prefix letter assigned to a particular structure and noted as
such on the arrangement drawing. The second letters of the mark shall indicate the type of
structural framing in accordance with the table below. There shall be a dash between the first and
second letters of the mark.
The Fabricator shall use:
"B" - for rolled beams and channels
"C" - for column, post or strut not designated by a coordinate system
on the arrangement drawing. Where column is given with a
coordinate the coordinate must be used as the mark
"D" - for vertical bracing or skewed bracing
"F" - for frames shipped in one piece
"G" - for girts
"H" - for hangers
"K" - loose gussets
"L"- - ladders safety cages, or lintels
"M" - for bolsters, shims and miscellaneous material
"P" - for floor plates, plain or checkered
"R" - for hand railing and rail posts
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 14/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

"S" - for sag rods

"T" - for trusses
"X" - for horizontal bracing

"BK" - for brackets

"BP" - for loose base plates or bearing plates
"CS" - for casing plates
"HB" - for header box on heaters
"PG" - for plate girders
"SS" - for stair stringers
"TB" - for trolley beams
"TS" - for tubesheets on heaters

Beams marks shall be stamped on beams at the same end as they are shown on plan view of the
Fabricator's erection plan. The numerical portion of the beam mark shall identify the floor or tier
thus: beam 1 to 199 on first or lowest tier, beams 200 to 299 on 2nd tier, 300 to 399 on third tier,
etc.
On a structure having one or both dimensions over 30 m. in plan view, all erection marks shall be
suffixed with the derrick suffix letter shown on the arrangement drawing.
All unsymmetrical beams, girders, or trusses, shall have a direction painted on one end,
preferably north or east.
All members to be marked "top", where possibility of erecting the member inverted exists.
All columns to have the mark painted on the outside face of the flange and marked "North" or
"East". Column marks shall carry a tier suffix for spliced columns.
On vertical bracing the mark shall be painted on the lower end.
Where a member is shipped in two or more pieces, each piece shall have a different mark.
The use of R or L suffixes for opposite hand marks will not be permitted.
Examples of typical marks for a structure prefixed "A" is given below.
A-B402 Beam 402 in 4th tier
A-D-6 (0-2) Column at coordinate D-6, from grade to 2nd tier
A-C1-NW Column 1 (not coordinated since no hyphen between C&1), with
derrick suffix NW (northwest) for a large square structure
A-G17, B Girt 17 in a long structure with derrick suffix B
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 15/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

All marks shall be painted on the steel in legible fashion, with letters and figures a minimum of 37
mm. high.
All rods, turnbuckles, clevises, etc., are to be tagged and marked with the tag wired firmly to the
member.
All bolts, washers, etc. shall be shipped in kegs or crates and tagged clearly marked as to size,
diameter and length.
On duplicate units, color coding shall be used where called for on the arrangement drawing.
Where color coding is required, the Fabricator shall paint a one inch wide band all around each
member at one end, including kegs, or crates, etc., in the color designated by the arrangement
drawing.
Galvanized members shall be tagged with a metal plate having raised letters so that the mark
shall be visible after galvanizing. This metal plate shall be tack-welded to the member prior to
galvanizing. The fabricator may submit alternate proposal for marking galvanized members,
subject to Contractor written approval.
As alternative fabricator may propose different marking system, which can be used only after
Contractor written approval.

5 INSPECTION
CONTRACTOR shall satisfy OWNER that the fabrication of the steelworks has been carried out in
accordance with the terms of this specification and the various standards quoted herein. To this
end CONTRACTOR shall provide OWNER such co-operation and facilities as may be necessary,
including the right of access to CONTRACTORs work.
OWNER shall dimensionally and visually check the steelworks in so far as he deems it necessary,
with special attention of main members, equipment bolt drillings etc. in this event, shop assembly
is to be carried out in the presence of OWNER, and to his satisfaction.
No material is to be erected until OWNER has either waived or given his approval.
Approval by OWNER shall not absolve CONTRACTOR from responsibility for the adequacy of his
designs, draughting or fabrication or for their compliance with the terms of this specification.
The material and workmanship covered in this specification can be subjected to inspection in the
field or shop by a qualified Inspector. However, such inspection shall not relieve the Contractor of
his responsibility to furnish materials and workmanship in accordance with the contract
requirements. The Inspector shall have the option to make, but shall not be limited to, the
following typer of tests and inspections:
 Determine chemical composition of steel;
 Determine mechanical properties of steel;
 Inspect shop-fabricated structural steel members and assemblies for conformance with the
requirements specified;
 Inspection of shop assembled;
 Make inspection of shop welds as follows:
o Visual inspection of all shop weld;
o Liquid penetrant inspection;
STAR RAFINERI A.S. (STAR)
UNIT N°000
AEGEAN REFINERY
PROJECT (ARP) SH/OF
GENERAL PROJECT 16/16
SPECIFICATION STAR SPECIFICATION N°
STGPS – MR1
REV 5

o Magnetic particle inspection;

o Radiographic testing;
o Ultrasonic testing.

Extent and cost charge for testing shall be specified in the relevant Contractor Material requisition.
All shipments, including partial shipments, shall be accompanied by sufficient bolt or connectors
of the proper size and length to erect the material shipped with each shipment.
Prior to shipment, the Fabricator shall transmit the necessary detail and erection drawings
Ladders with ladders cages, handrails, platforms and trusses shall be shop assembled as
permitted by shipping limitations and with assurance of no damage.