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PRESENTADO POR
JHON GILBERTO GUTIERREZ
WOLFANG ROJAS
DIANA PATRICIA CASTRO BARRERA
DANILO ANDRES MOLANO
DANYS JESUS MENDIVELSO
TUTOR
DIEGO ALBERTO GOMEZ
GRUPO
208046_41
ALGEBRA LINEAL
Este trabajo se realizó con el fin de dar a conocer conceptos básicos sobre vectores,
matrices y determinantes, utilizándolos en el desarrollo de ejercicios y dándoles
correcta solución; de igual forma pondremos en práctica el software Geogebra para
comprobar los resultados de cada uno.
DESARROLLO ACTIVIDAD
𝒃
MAGNITUD: |𝑢| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 DIRECCION DE CADA VECTOR: 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒂)
𝒖 = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟒𝒋 |𝒖| = 𝟐 + 𝟒
𝑢 =2+4 𝟒 𝟕𝝅𝟐
|𝑢 | = 2 + 4 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ) = 𝟔𝟑° → 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒔
𝟐 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
|𝑢| = √(2)2 + (4)2 = √4 + 16 = √𝟐𝟎 = 𝟒
𝒃
MAGNITUD: |𝑢| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 DIRECCION DE CADA VECTOR: 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒂)
𝒗 = −𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 |𝒗| = −𝟏 − 𝟐
𝑣 = −1 − 2
|𝒗| = −𝟏 − 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟕𝝅
𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (−𝟏) = 𝟔𝟑° → 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒔
𝟐𝟎
|𝑢| = √(−1)2 + (−2)2 = √1 + 4 = √5 = 𝟐
𝑢. 𝑣 = (2 ∗ 4 ) + ((−1) ∗ (−2)) = 𝟏𝟎
𝒖. 𝒗
D) El ángulo entre los dos vectores : 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = |𝒖| .|𝒗|
−𝟏𝟎
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = = −𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐
𝟒 . √𝟓
𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (−𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐) = 𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟒𝟑°
4 −2 1 4 3
3 5
𝐴=| | 𝐵 = |5 0 | 𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0
Calcule si es posible:
A. C.B.A
Solución:
1 4 3 4 −2 1 4 3 4 −2 36 4
|4 1 −2| . |5 0 | . |3 5| = |4 1 −2 . 5 0 = 13 −12| =
| | | |
1 4
6 −2 0 4 2 6 −2 0 4 2 14 −12
36 4 112 196
3 5
|13 −12| . | | = | 27 17 |
1 4
14 −12 30 22
B. DET(C)*DET(A)*B
𝟏 𝟒 𝟑
Hallar el determinante de 𝑪 = |𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐|
𝟔 −𝟐 𝟎
4 1 1 4 1 4
3| |+ 2| | + 0| |
6 −2 6 −2 4 1
El determinante de 3 |4 1
|es -42
6 −2
1 4 1 4
3((4)(−2) − 6.1) + 2 | |+ 0| |
6 −2 4 1
1 4 1 4
3(−8 − 6) + 2 | | + 0| |
6 −2 4 1
Simplificar la expresión.
1 4 1 4
3. −14 + 22 | | +0| |
6 −2 4 1
1 4 1 4
−42 + 2 | | +0| |
6 −2 4 1
El determinante 2 |1 4
| es -52.
6 −2
1 4
−42 + 2(−2 − 24) + 0 | |
4 1
1 4
−42 + 2. (−26) + 0 | |
4 1
1 4
−42 − 52 + 0 | |
4 1
Hallar la determinante de 𝑨 = |𝟑 𝟓|
𝟏 𝟒
(3)(4) − 1.5 = 12 − 5 = 7
DET(C)*DET(A)*B
4 −2
(−94). 7. |5 0 |
4 2
4 −2
−658. |5 0 |
4 2
−2632 1316
DET(C)*DET(A)*B = | −3290 0 |
−2632 −1316
C. C*B+B*A
1 4 3 4 −2
C*B = |4 1 −2| . |5 0 |
6 −2 0 4 2
1 . 4 + 4 . 5 + 3 . 4 1 . (−2) + 4. 0 + 3. 2
= (4 . 4 + 1 . 5 + (−2). 4 4 (−2) + 1. 0 + (−2) . 2)
6.4 + (−2). 5 + 0. 4 6 (−2) + (−2) . 0 + 0. 2
36 4
= |13 −12|
14 −12
4 −2
3 5
B*A = |5 0 | . | |=
1 4
4 2
4. 3 + (−2). 1 4 . 5 + (−2). 4 10 12
|5 . 3 + 0. 1 + 5. 5 + 0 . 4 | = |15 25|
4. 3 + 2. 1 4. 5 + 2. 4 14 28
36 4 10 12 46 16
C*B+B*A = |13 −12| + |15 25| = |28 13|
14 −12 14 28 28 16
3. Sea la matriz:
1 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0 )
0 1 −4
Halle:
a) El determinante
b) La matriz inversa empleado en método de Gauss Jordan
c) La matriz adjunta
d) Compruebe todas las respuestas en Geogebra
Solución
a) El determinante
1 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0)
0 1 −4
4 0 2 −1 2 −1
1| |− 3| | + 0| |
1 −4 1 −4 4 0
4 0
𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 1 | | 𝑒𝑠 − 16
1 −4
El determinante de −3 |2 −1| es 21
1 −4
3 4 0 0 1 0
1 2 −1 ⋮ 1 0 0 𝑓1 𝑥 𝑓2 3 4 0 ⋮0 1 0 𝑓2− 1𝑓1 2 ⋮ 1
3
(3 4 0 ⋮ 0 1 0) ⇒ |1 2 −1⋮1 0 0| ⇒ |0 0 ⋮1 − 0|
0 1 −4 ⋮ 0 0 1 0 1 −4⋮0 0 1 3 ⋮ 3
0 1 −4 0 0 1
3 4 0 0 1 0
⋮
𝑓2 𝑥 𝑓3 0 1 −4 0 0 1
⇒ | 2 ⋮ 1 |
0 −1⋮1 − 0
3 3
2 3 4 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0
𝑓3 − 𝑓2 ⋮ 3 4 0⋮
3 0 1 −4 0 0 1 𝑥 5𝑓3 0 0 1
⇒ | 5 ⋮ 1 2 | ⇒ |0 1 −4⋮3 1 2|
0 0 ⋮1 − − 0 0 1⋮ − −
3 3 3 5 5 5
48 21 12 16 7 4
0 1 0 − −
5 5 5 1 5 5 5
𝑓2 +4𝑓3 3 4 0⋮12 − 4 3
− | 𝑓1 −4𝑓2
|3 0 0⋮ 12 4 3| 𝑥 3𝑓1 |1 0 0⋮ 12 4 3|
⇒ |0 ⇒
| 1 0⋮ 5 5 5| 0 1 0⋮ − − ⇒ 0 1 0⋮ − − =
0 0 1⋮ 3 1 2 |0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5| |0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5|
− − 3 1 2 3 1 2
5 5 5 − − − −
5 5 5 5 5 5
16 7 4
− 5 5 5 −3.2 1.4 0.8
12 4 3
𝐴 −1
= || 5
−
5
− || = 𝐴−1 = | 2.4 −0.8 −0.6|
5
3 1 2 0.6 −0.2 −0.4
5
−5 −5
c) La matriz adjunta
1 2 −1 −𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟑
𝐴 = (3 4 0) = 𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒂 = | 𝟗 −𝟒 −𝟏|
0 1 −4 𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐
FASE 1:
1 2 −1
4 0
𝐴 = (3 4 0) 𝑐11 = + | | = +((4)(−4) − (1)(0)) = +(−16 − 0) =
1 −4
0 1 −4
−16
-
1 2- −1
3 0
𝐴 = (3 4 0 ) 𝑐12 = − | | = −((3)(−4) − (0)(0)) = −(−12 − 0) =
-1 −4 0 −4
0
12 -
+
1 2 −1
3 4
𝐴 = (3 4 0 ) 𝑐13 = + | | = +((3)(1) − (0)(4)) = +(3 − 0) = 3
0 1
0 1 −4
FASE 2:
-
-
1 2 −1
𝐴 = (3- 4 0 ) 𝑐21 = − |
2 −1
| = −((2)(−4) − (1)(−1)) = −(−8 − 1) =
1 −4
0- 1 −4
9
1 2 −1
1 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0 ) 𝑐22 = + | | = +((1)(−4) − (0)(−1)) = +(−4 − 0) =
0 −4
0 1 −4
−4
-
-
1 2 −1
1 2
𝐴 = (3 4 0- ) 𝑐23 = − | | = −((1)(1) − (0)(2)) = −(1 − 0) = −1
0 1
0 1 −4
-
FASE 3:
1 2 −1
2 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0) 𝑐31 = + | | = +((2)(0) − (4)(−1)) = +(0 − (−4)) =
4 0
0 1 −4
4
-
1 2- −1
1 −1
𝐴 = (3 4- 0 ) 𝑐32 = − | | = −((1)(0) − (3)(−1)) = −(0 − (−3)) =
3 0
0 1- −4
−3
+
1 2 −1
1 2
𝐴 = (3 4 0 ) 𝑐33 = + | | = +((1)(4) − (3)(2)) = +(4 − 6) = −2
3 4
0 1 −4
−𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟑
𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒂 = | 𝟗 −𝟒 −𝟏|
𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐
𝑑→ = 𝑑→
𝐴𝑃 𝐶𝑃
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9 = 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 36
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 18 = −10𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 61
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 18 − 10𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 61 = 0
−4𝑥 + 18𝑦 + 79 = 0
𝐸𝑐1 = −4𝑥 + 18𝑦 + 79 = 0
𝑑→ = 𝑑→
𝐵𝑃 𝐶𝑃
(𝑥 − 5)2 = (𝑥 + 4)2
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16
−10𝑥 + 25 + 8𝑥 + 16 = 0
−2𝑥 + 41 = 0
𝐸𝑐2 = −2𝑥 + 41 = 0
Simplificar
−𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟖𝒚+𝟕𝟗=𝟎
𝑬𝒄𝟏 = −𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖𝒚 + 𝟕𝟗 = 𝟎 ; = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚 + 𝟑𝟗. 𝟓
𝟐
−𝟒𝟏
𝑬𝒄𝟐 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎 ; −𝟐𝒙 = −𝟒𝟏 ; 𝒙 = = 𝒙 = −𝟐𝟎. 𝟓
𝟐
|𝑢| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
|𝑢| = √22 + 42
|𝑢| = √2 + 16
|𝑢| = √20
|𝑢| = 4.47
Dirreccion
𝜑=𝜃
Hallamos la 𝜃
𝑏
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
𝑎
4
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
2
𝜃 = 63.43°
Entonces 𝜑 = 𝜃
𝜑 = 63.43°
Valores para el vector V
Magnitud
|𝑣| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
|𝑣| = √5
|𝑣| = 2.23
Dirección
𝜑=𝜃+𝜋
Hallamos 𝜃
2
θ = tan−1 | |
1
𝜃 = 63.43°
Entonces
𝜑=𝜃+𝜋
𝜑 = 63.43° + 180°
𝜑 = 243.43°
b. el vector suma U+V y el vector resta U-V
Suma
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (𝑢1 + 𝑣1 ). ((𝑢2 + 𝑣2 )
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (2 + (−1)). (4 + (−2))
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (1). (2)
𝑢+𝑣=2
Resta
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (𝑢1 − 𝑣1 ). ((𝑢2 − 𝑣2 )
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (2 − (−1)). (4 − (−2))
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (3). (6)
𝑢 − 𝑣 = 18
c. el producto escalar U*V
𝑢 ∗ 𝑣 = (𝑢1 ∗ 𝑣1 ) + ((𝑢2 ∗ 𝑣2 )
𝑢 ∗ 𝑣 = (2 ∗ (−1)) + (4 ∗ (−2))
𝑢 ∗ 𝑣 = (−2) + (−8)
𝑢 ∗ 𝑣 = −10
d. Ángulo entre vectores
𝑢∗𝑣
cos 𝜃 =
|𝑢||𝑣|
−10
cos 𝜃 =
√20. √5
−10
cos 𝜃 =
10
cos 𝜃 = −1
𝜃 = cos −1 −1
𝜃 = 180°
2. Dadas las matrices
4 −2 1 4 3
3 5|
𝐴=| 𝐵 = |5 0 | 𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0
Calcule
a. C*B*A
debemos ver que el numero de columnas de la primera matriz sea igual al numero
de filas de la segunda matriz
1 4 3 4 −2
𝐶 = |4 1 −2| * 𝐵 = |5 0|
6 −2 0 4 2
Celda 11= f1C * c1B= (1)(4) + (4)(5) + (3)(4) = 36
Celda 12=f1C* c2B= (1)(−2) + (4)(0) + (3)(2) = 4
Celda 21= f2C*c1B= (4)(4) + (1)(5) + (−2)(4) = 13
Celda 22=f2C*c2B=(4)(−2) + (1)(0) + (−2)(2) = −12
Celda 31=f3C*c1B= (6)(4) + (−2)(5) + (0)(4) = 14
Celda 32=f3C*c2B=(6)(−2) + (−2)(0) + (0)(2) = −12
36 4
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12|
14 −12
36 4
3 5|
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| * 𝐴 = |
1 4
14 −12
Celda 11= f1B*c1A= (36)(3) + (4)(1) = 112
Celda 12 =f1B*c2A = (36)(5) + (4)(4) = 196
Celda 21= f2B*c1A= (13)(3) + (−12)(1) = 27
Celda 2.2 =f2B*c2A=(13)(5) + (−12)(4) = 17
Celda 31= f3B*c1A= (14)(3) + (−12)(1) = 30
Celda 3.2 = f3B*c2A= (14)(5) + (−12)(4) = 22
112 196
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = | 27 17 |
30 22
3 5|
𝐷𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = | = 12 − 5 = 7
1 4
Det (C) * Det (A) * B
4 −2
−94 ∗ 7 ∗ |5 0 |
4 2
4 −2 −2632 1316
−658 ∗ |5 0 | = |−3290 0 |
4 2 −2632 −1316
c. C*B+B*A
4 −2
3 5|
|
𝐵= 5 0| * 𝐴=|
1 4
4 2
10 12
𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |15 25|
14 28
La suma de las matrices es A+B = (aij)+(bij)
36 4 10 12 46 16
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |15 25| = |28 13|
14 −12 14 28 28 16
3. Sea la matriz
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
a. Halle el determinante
1 2 −1 1 2
det 𝐴 = |3 4 0 3 4| = −16 + 0 − 3 − 0 − 0 − (−24) = −16 − 3 + 24 = 5
0 1 −4 0 1
16 7 4
−
5 5 5
| 12 4 3|
𝐴−1 = − −
| 5 5 5|
3 1 2
− −
5 5 5
c. La matriz adjunta de
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
4 0
|3 4 0 |=| | = −16
1 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
3 0
|3 4 0 | = −| | = 12
0 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
3 4
|3 4 0 |=| |=3
0 1
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
2 −1
|3 4 0 | = −| |=7
1 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 −1
|3 4 0 |=| | = −4
0 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 2
|3 4 0 | = −| | = −1
0 1
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
2 −1
|3 4 0 |=| |=4
4 0
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 −1
|3 4 0 | = −| | = −3
3 0
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 2
|3 4 0 |=| | = −2
3 4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1 −16 12 3
∗
𝐴 = |3 4 0 | = 𝐴 = | 7 −4 −1|
0 1 −4 4 −3 −2
𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
|𝐴 | = | 3 𝑎
| = |𝐴| = (3)(4) − (−𝑏)(𝑎) = 12 + 𝑏𝑎
−𝑏 4
Entonces
1
𝐴−1 = ∗ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴)
|𝐴 |
4 𝑎
1 4 𝑎
𝐴−1 = ∗| | = |12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏 |
|12 + 𝑎𝑏| 𝑏 3 𝑏 3
12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
Método definición
3 𝑎
𝐴=| |
−𝑏 4
𝐴 ∗ 𝐴−1 = 𝐼
3 𝑎 1 0
𝐴=| | ∗ 𝐴−1 = | |
−𝑏 4 0 1
Como nuestra incógnita es 𝐴−1 reemplazamos por letras
3 𝑎 𝐴 𝐶 1 0
𝐴=| |∗| |=| |
−𝑏 4 𝐵 𝐷 0 1
3𝐴 + 𝑎𝐶 3𝐵 + 𝑎𝐷 1 0
𝐴=| |=| |
−𝑏𝐴 + 4𝐶 −𝑏𝐵 + 4𝐷 0 1
Igualamos cada termino según nuestra I
3𝐴 + 𝑎𝐶 = 1
−𝑏𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 0
Despejamos una de las incognitas por métodos de adición
3𝐴 + 𝑎𝐶 = 1 (−4)
−𝑏𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 0 (𝑎)
12𝐴 − 4𝑎𝐶 = −4
−𝑏𝐴𝑎 + 4𝑎𝐶 = 𝑎
12𝐴 − 𝑏𝐴𝑎 = −4𝑎
Despejamos A
4
𝐴=
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Reemplazamos A en −𝑏𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 0
4
−𝑏 + 4𝐶 = 0
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Despejamos C
𝑏
𝐶=
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Ahora repetimos los pasos para nuestra segunda columna de A^-1
3𝐵 + 𝑎𝐷 = 0 (−𝑏)
−𝑏𝐵 + 4𝐷 = 1 (3)
−3𝐵𝑏 − 𝑎𝐷𝑏 = −𝑏
3𝐵 − 𝑏 + 12𝐷 = 3
−12𝑎𝐷𝑏 = −3𝑏
Despejamos D
3
𝐷=
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Reemplazamos D en
3𝐵 + 𝑎𝐷 = 0
3
3𝐵 + 𝑎 =0
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Despejamos B
𝑎
𝐵=
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Colocamos los términos obtenidos en A^-1
𝐴 ∗ 𝐴−1 = 𝐼
3 𝑎 𝐴 𝐶 1 0
𝐴=| |∗| |=| |
−𝑏 4 𝐵 𝐷 0 1
4 𝑎
3 𝑎 12 + 𝑎𝑏| = |1 0|
𝐴=| | ∗ |12 + 𝑎𝑏
−𝑏 4 𝑏 3 0 1
12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
EJERCICIO 1.
Se tienen los vectores u = 2𝑖 + 4𝑗 y v = −𝑖 − 2𝑗
Halle:
a) La magnitud y la dirección de cada vector respecto al eje x y represéntelo
en una gráfica.
b) El vector suma de u+v y el vector resta u-v
c) El producto escalar u.v
d) El ángulo entre los dos vectores
Solución:
|𝒖| = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Y para hallar la dirección usamos:
−𝟏
𝒃
𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 | |
𝒂
Entonces para el vector u tenemos:
Magnitud:
|𝑢| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
|𝑢| = √(2)2 + (4)2
|𝑢| = √4 + 16
|𝑢| = √20
|𝒖| = 𝟒
Dirección:
4
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
2
𝜃 = tan−1(2)
𝜽 = 𝟔𝟑, 𝟒𝟑°
Ahora hallamos para el vector V = -i-2j
Magnitud:
|𝑣| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
|𝑣| = √(−1)2 + (−2)2
|𝑢| = √1 + 4
|𝑢| = √5
|𝒖| = 𝟐, 𝟐𝟑
Dirección:
2
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
1
−1 ( )
𝜃 = tan 2
𝜽 = 𝟔𝟑, 𝟒𝟑°
b) El vector suma de u+v y el vector resta u-v
𝑢 = 2𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑣 = −𝑖 − 2𝑗
𝒖∗𝒗
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
|𝒖||𝒗|
−10
cos 𝜃 =
√20 ∗ √5
−10
cos 𝜃 =
10
cos 𝜃 = −1
𝜃 = cos −1 −1
𝜽 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
EJERCICIO 2.
Dadas las matrices:
4 −2 1 4 3
3 5|
𝐴=| 𝐵 = |5 0 | 𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0
Calcule si es posible:
a) C*B*A
Para poder solucionar las matrices debemos tener en cuentas que el número de
columnas de la primera matriz sea el mismo número de filas de la segunda matriz.
Entonces tenemos:
1 4 3 4 −2
𝐶 = |4 1 −2| X 𝐵 = |5 0 |
6 −2 0 4 2
Ahora C*B*A
36 4
3 5|
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| * 𝐴 = |
1 4
14 −12
Celda 1.1 = 𝑓1𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐1𝐴 = (36)(3) + (4)(1) = 112
Celda 1.2 = 𝑓1𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐2𝐴 = (36)(5) + (4)(4) = 196
Celda 2.1 = 𝑓2𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐1𝐴 = (13)(3) + (−12)(1) = 27
Celda 2.2 = 𝑓2𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐2𝐴 = (13)(5) + (−12)(4) = 17
Celda 3.1 = 𝑓3𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐1𝐴 = (14)(3) + (−12)(1) = 30
Celda 3.2 = 𝑓3𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐2𝐴 = (14)(5) + (−12)(4) = 22
b) DET(C)*DET(A)*B
1 4 3
𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
6 −2 0
Para hallar el determinante de C debemos repetir las 2 primeras columnas y
realizar una multiplicación cruzada, es decir:
1 4 3 1 4
𝐷𝐸𝑇(𝐶) = |4 1 −2 4 1|
6 −2 0 6 −2
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐶 ) = 0 − 48 − 24 − 18 − 4 − 0
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐶 ) = −94
Hacemos lo mismo con A
3 5|
𝐴=|
1 4
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐴) = 12 − 5
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐴) = 7
DET (C)*DET(A)*B
4 −2
(-94) *7* 𝐵 = |5 0|
4 2
4 −2
-658* 𝐵 = |5 0 | multiplicamos cada uno de los elementos de la matriz por -658
4 2
−𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟔
𝑫𝑬𝑻(𝑪) ∗ 𝑫𝑬𝑻(𝑨) ∗ 𝑩 = |−𝟑𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝟎 |
−𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟐 −𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟔
c) C*B+B*A
36 4
Como 𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| entonces hallamos B*A
14 −12
4 −2
3 5
𝐵 = |5 0| ∗ 𝐴=| |
1 4
4 2
36 4 10 12
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |15 25|
14 −12 14 28
𝟒𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝑪 ∗ 𝑩 + 𝑩 ∗ 𝑨 = |𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟑|
𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟔
EJERCICIO 3:
Sea la matriz:
a) El determinante:
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
1 2 −1 1 2
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐴) = |3 4 0 3 4|
0 1 −4 0 1
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐴) = −16 + 0 − 3 − 0 − 0 + 24
𝑫𝑬𝑻(𝑨) = 𝟓
b) La matriz inversa empleado en método de Gauss Jordan
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
3 4 0 ⋮0 1 0
1 2 −1 ⋮1 0 0 𝐹1∗𝐹2 3 4 0 ⋮0 1 0 𝐹2−1𝐹1 2 1
3
|3 4 0 ⋮0 1 0| ⇒ |1 2 −1 ⋮1 0 0| ⇒ |0 0 ⋮1 − 0|
0 1 −4 ⋮0 0 1 0 1 −4 ⋮0 0 1 3 ⋮ 3
0 1 −4 0 0 1
3 4 0 0 1 0 2 3 4 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0
⋮ 𝐹3− 𝐹2 ⋮ ∗ 𝐹3 3 4 0 ⋮
𝐹2∗𝐹3 0 1 −4 0 0 1 3 0 1 −4 0 0 0 5 0 0 1
⇒ | 2 ⋮ 1 |⇒ | 5 ⋮ 1 2 ⇒ |0
| 1 −4 ⋮3 1 2|
0 −1 ⋮1 − 0 0 0 ⋮1 − − 0 0 1 ⋮ − −
3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5
48 21 12 16 7 4
0 1 0 − −
5 5 5 1 5 5 5
𝐹2+4𝐹3 3 4 0⋮12 − 4 3
− | 𝐹1−4𝐹2
|3 0 0⋮ 12 4 3| ∗ 3𝐹1 |1 0 0⋮ 12 4 3|
⇒ |0 ⇒
| 1 0⋮ 5 5 5| 0 1 0⋮ − − ⇒ 0 1 0⋮ − −
0 0 1⋮ 3 1 2 |0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5| |0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5|
− − 3 1 2 3 1 2
5 5 5 − − − −
5 5 5 5 5 5
16 7 4
−
5 5 5 |
|1 0 0 ⋮ 12 4 3
𝐴−1 = 0 1 0⋮ − −
|0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5|
3 1 2
− −
5 5 5
−𝟑. 𝟐 𝟏. 𝟒 𝟎. 𝟖
−𝟏
𝑨 = | 𝟐. 𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟖 −𝟎. 𝟔|
𝟎. 𝟔 −𝟎. 𝟐 −𝟎. 𝟒
c) La matriz adjunta:
Fila 1:
Eliminamos la primera fila y la primera columna.
1 2 −1
4 0
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀1.1 = (4)(−4) − (1)(0) = −16
1 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
3 0
𝐴 = |3 4 0| =| | = 𝑀1.2 = (3)(−4) − (0)(0) = −12
0 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
3 4
𝐴 = |3 4 0| =| | = 𝑀1.3 = (3)(1) − (0)(4) = 3
0 1
0 1 −4
Fila 2:
1 2 −1
2 −1
|
𝐴= 3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀2.1 = (2)(−4) − ((1)(−1)) = −7
1 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀2.2 = (1)(−4) − ((0)(−1)) = −4
0 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 2
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀2.3 = (1)(1) − (0)(2) = 1
0 1
0 1 −4
Fila 3:
1 2 −1
2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀3.1 = (2)(0) − ((4)(−1)) = 4
4 0
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀3.2 = (1)(0) − ((3)(−1)) = 3
3 0
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 2
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀3.3 = (1)(4) − (3)(2) = −2
3 4
0 1 −4
Entonces la matriz adjunta de A es:
−𝟏𝟔 −𝟏𝟐 𝟑
𝑴𝑨 = | −𝟕 −𝟒 𝟏|
𝟒 𝟑 −𝟐
𝑦
tan 0 =
𝑥
4
𝜃𝑈 = tan−1
2
𝜃𝑈 = tan−1 (2) = 63.43
−2
𝜃𝑉 = tan−1
−1
𝜃𝑉 = tan−1 (2) = 63.43
𝑈 + 𝑉 = (2 + (−1)), (4 + (−2))
𝑈 + 𝑉 = (1,2)
𝑈 − 𝑉 = (2 − (−1)), (4 − (−2)
𝑈 − 𝑉 = (3,6)
b. Producto escalar de 𝑈 ∗ 𝑉
𝑈 ∗ 𝑉 = (2,4) ∗ (−1, −2)
𝑈 ∗ 𝑉 = (2 ∗ (−1)) + (4 ∗ (−2))
𝑈 ∗ 𝑉 = −10
c. El Angulo entre los vectores 𝑈, 𝑉
𝑈 ∗ 𝑉 = −10
|𝑉 | = 𝑟√(−1)2 + (−2)2
𝑟 = √1 + 4
𝑟 = √5 = 2.23
𝑈∗𝑉
cos 0 =
|𝑈 | ∗ |𝑉 |
−10
cos 0 =
√20 ∗ √5
−10
cos 0 =
√100
−10
cos 0 =
10
0 = cos −1 (−1)
0 = 180°
2. dadas las matrices:
4 −1 1 4 3
3 5
𝐴= 𝐵=5 0 𝐶=4 1 −2
1 4
4 2 6 2 0
Calcule si es posible:
a. C*B*A
C*B
1 4 3 4 −2
𝐶 = |4 1 −2| 𝐵 = |5 0|
6 −2 0 4 2
36 4
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12|
14 −12
𝐶∗𝐵∗𝐴
36 4
3 5|
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| 𝐴=|
1 4
14 −12
112 196
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = | 27 17 |
30 22
b. det|𝐶 | ∗ det|𝐴| ∗ 𝐵
1 4 3 1 4
𝐶 = |4 1 −2 4 1|
6 −2 0 6 −2
= [(1 ∗ 1 ∗ 0) + (4 ∗ −2 ∗ 6) + (3 ∗ 4 ∗ −2)] − [(6 ∗ 1 ∗ 3) + (−2 ∗ −2 ∗ 1) +
(0 ∗ 4 ∗ 4)]
= −72 − (22) = −94
|𝐶 | = −94
3 5| [
𝐴=| = 3 ∗ 4] − [ 1 ∗ 5] = 7
1 4
|𝐴 | = 7
(−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 4) (−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 2)
|𝐶 | ∗ |𝐴| ∗ 𝐵 = |(−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 5) (−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 0)|
(−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 4) (−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 2)
−2632 1316
|𝐶 | ∗ |𝐴| ∗ 𝐵 = |−3290 0 |
−2632 −1316
c. 𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴
1 4 3 4 −2
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |4 1 −2| ∗ |5 𝑂 |
6 −2 0 4 2
((1 ∗ 4) + (4 ∗ 5) + (3 ∗ 4)) ((1 ∗ −2) + (4 ∗ 0) + (3 ∗ 2))
= | ((4 ∗ 4) + (1 ∗ 5) ∗ (−2 ∗ 4)) ((4 ∗ −2) + (1 ∗ 0) + (−2 ∗ 2))|
((6 ∗ 4) + (−2 ∗ 5) + (0 ∗ 4)) ((6 ∗ 2) + (2 ∗ 0) + (0 ∗ 2))
36 4
= |13 −12|
14 −12
4 −2
3 5|
𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |5 0 | ∗ |
1 4
4 2
((4 ∗ 3) + (−2 ∗ 1)) ((4 ∗ 5) + (−2 ∗ 4))
= | ((5 ∗ 3) + (0 ∗ 1)) ((5 ∗ 5) + (0 ∗ 4)) |
((4 ∗ 3) + (2 ∗ 1)) ((4 ∗ 5) + (2 ∗ 4))
10 12
= |15 25|
14 28
36 4 10 12 (36 + 10) (4 + 12)
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |13 −12| + |15 25| = |(13 + 15) (−12 + 25 |
14 −12 14 28 (14 + 14) (−12 + 28)
46 16
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |28 13|
28 16
3. Sea la matriz:
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
Halle:
a. Determinate.
1 2 −1 1 2
𝐴 = |3 4 0 |3 4
0 1 4 0 1
𝑑 = [(1 ∗ 4 ∗ −4) + (2 ∗ 0 ∗ 0) + (−1 ∗ 3 ∗ 1)]
−[(0 ∗ 4 ∗ −1) + (1 ∗ 0 ∗ 1) + (−4 ∗ 3 ∗ 2)] = −19 − (−24)
𝑑𝑒𝑡 = 5
𝐹2 = 3𝐹1 − 𝐹2 =
1 2 −1 1 0 0
|0 2 −3| |3 −1 0|
0 1 −4 0 0 1
𝐹2 = 𝐹2 − 𝐹3 =
1 2 −1 1 0 0
|0 1 1 | |3 −1 −1|
0 1 −4 0 0 1
𝐹1 = 2𝐹2 − 𝐹1 =
−1 0 3 5 −2 −2
| 0 1 1 | |3 −1 −1|
0 1 −4 0 0 1
𝐹3 = 𝐹3 − 𝐹2 =
−1 0 3 5 −2 −2
|0 1 1 | | 3 −1 −1|
0 0 −5 −3 1 2
1
𝐹3 = 𝐹3 =
5
5 −2 −2
−1 0 3
3 −1 −1
|0 1 1 || 3 1 2|
0 0 −1 −
5 5 5
𝐹1 = 3𝐹3 + 𝐹1 =
16 7 4
− −
−1 0 0 5 5 5
|0 1 1 | || 3 −1 −1 ||
0 0 −1 3 1 2
−
5 5 5
𝐹2 = 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 =
16 7 4
− −
5 5 5
−1 0 0 | 12 4 3|
|0 1 0| − −
0 0 −1 | 5 5 5|
3 1 2
−
5 5 5
4 0 3 0 3 4
𝐴11 | | = −16 𝐴12 | | = −12 𝐴13 | |=3
1 −4 0 −4 0 1
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
𝐴21 | | = −7 𝐴22 | | = −4 𝐴23 | |=1
1 −4 0 −4 0 1
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
𝐴31 | | = 4 𝐴32 | | = −3 𝐴33 | | = −2
4 0 3 0 3 4
−16 −(−12) 3
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = |−(7) −4 −(1)|
4 −(−3) −2
−16 12 3
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = | −7 −4 −1|
4 3 −2
𝑑𝐵𝑃 = 𝑑𝐶𝑃
2 2
(√(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 ) = (√(𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 )
( 𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 36 = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 36
−10𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 61 = 8𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 52
−10𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 12𝑦 + 61 − 52 = 0
−18𝑥 + 9 = 0
−𝟗
𝒙= = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝑬𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐
−𝟏𝟖
𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 2 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
𝟏𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓
16(0.5) − 22𝑦 − 27 = 0
−8 + 27
𝑦=
−22
𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟖 𝑬𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟑
Las coordenadas del punto P son P= (0.5, 0.8)
Danys Jesús Mendivelso
Halle:
𝑈 = 2𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑢 = √(2)2 + (4)2
𝑢 = √4 + 16
𝑢 = √20
𝑢 = 4,4
4
𝑡𝑔∅ = =2
2
∅ tan−1 (2) = 63°
𝑉 = (−𝑖 − 2𝑗)
𝑣 = √(−1)2 + (−2)2
𝑣 = √1 + 4
𝑣 = √5
𝑣 = 2,2
2
𝑡𝑔∅ = − = −2
1
∅ tan−1 (2) = 63°
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (2𝑖 + 4) + (−𝑖 − 2)
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (2𝑖 + 𝑖 ) + (4 − 2)
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (1𝑖 + 2𝑗)
vector resta u-v
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (2𝑖 − 4𝑗) − (−𝑖 − 2)
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (2𝑖 + 𝑖 ) + (4𝑗 + 2𝑗)
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (3𝑖 + 6𝑗)
4 −2 1 4 3
3 5|
𝐴=| 𝐵 = |5 0| 𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0
Calcule si es posible:
a) C.B.A:
1 4 3 4 −2
3 5|
𝐶 = |4 1 −2| 𝐵 = |5 0| 𝐴=|
1 4
6 −2 0 4 2
C=3*3; b=3*2;a=2*2
1 ∗ 4 + 4 ∗ 5 + 3 ∗ 4 1 ∗ (−2) + 4 ∗ 0 + 3 ∗ 2
(4 ∗ 4 + 1 ∗ 5 + (−2) ∗ 4 4 (−2) + 1 ∗ 0 + (−2) + 2)
6 ∗ 4 + (−2) ∗ 5 + 0 ∗ 4 6(−2) + (−2) ∗ 0 + 0 ∗ 2
36 4
(13 − 12)
14 − 12
3 5
( )
1 4
36 ∗ 3 + 4 ∗ 1 36 ∗ 5 + 4 ∗ 4 112 196
( 13 ∗ 3 + (−12) ∗ 1 13 ∗ 5(−12) ∗ 4 ) = ( 27 17 )
14 ∗ 3 + (−12) ∗ 1 14 ∗ 5 + (−12) ∗ 4 30 22
b) DET(C)*DET(A)*B
1 4 3
3 5 4 −2
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (4 1 − 2) ∗ 𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( ) ∗ (5 0)
6 −2 0 1 4
4 2
1 4 3
𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( 1 − 2)
4
6 −2 0
1 −2 4 −2 4 1
= 1 ∗ 𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( ) − 4 ∗ 𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( 6 0 ) + 3 ∗ 𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( )
−2 0 6 −2
3 5 4 −2
= (−94)𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( ) ∗ (5 0 )
1 4
4 2
3 5
DET ( )=3∗4−1∗1 =7
1 4
4 − 2 −2632 1316
= (−94) ∗ 7 ( 5 0 ) ( −3290 0)
4 2 −2632 − 1316
c) C*B+B*A
1 4 3
4 −2 4 −2 3 5
(4 1 − 2) ∗ ( 5 0 ) + ( 5 0 ) + ( )
6 −2 0 1 4
4 2 4 2
1 4 3
4 −2
C ∗ B = ( 1 − 2) ∗ ( 5 0 )
4
6 −2 0
4 2
36 ∗ 3 + 4 ∗ 1 36 ∗ 5 + 4 ∗ 4 36 4
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = ( 13 ∗ 3 + (−12) ∗ 1 13 ∗ 5(−12) ∗ 4 ) = ( 13 − 12 )
14 ∗ 3 + (−12) ∗ 1 14 ∗ 5 + (−12) ∗ 4 14 − 12
4 −2 3 5 4 ∗ 3 + (−2) ∗ 1 4 ∗ 5(−2) + 4 10 12
𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 (5 0) ∗ ( )=( 5∗5+0∗1 5 ∗ 5 + 0 ∗ 4 ) = (15 25)
1 4
4 2 4∗3+2+1 4∗5+2∗4 14 28
3. Sea la matriz:
1 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0)
0 1 −4
Halle:
a) Calculo determinante
1 2 −1
3 4 0
|0 1 − 4|
| |
1 2 −1
3 4 0
= (−16 − 3 + 0) − (−24 + 0 + 0)
= (−19) − (−24)
= −19 + 24
=5
1 4 −𝑎
= 3 𝑎 ( ( )
𝑑𝑒𝑡(−𝑏 4
) − −𝑏) 3
Calcular la determinante.
𝑎 𝑏
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐
𝑐 𝑑
1 4 −𝑎
= ( )
12 + 𝑎𝑏 (−𝑏) 3
4 𝑎
−
12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
1 4 −𝑎 𝑏 3
= ( )= 12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
12 + 𝑎𝑏 (−𝑏) 3
( )
3 𝑎
𝐴=| |
−𝑏 4
Inversa de la matriz.
4 𝑎
12 + 𝑎𝑏 − 12 + 𝑎𝑏
𝑏 3
12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
( )
CONCLUSIONES