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• Solar Stills
• Solar still is a device to desalinate impure water like
brackish or saline water.
• It a simple device to get potable/fresh distilled water from
impure water, using solar energy as fuel, for its various
applications in domestic, industrial and academic sectors .
• A solar still consist of shallow triangular basin made up of
Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP).
• Bottom of the basin is painted black so as to absorb solar
heat effectively.
• Top of the basin is covered with transparent glass tilt fitted
so that maximum solar radiation can be transmitted in to
the still.
Solar still
Page no. 48, Book Solar Energy, S P Sukhatme and J K Nayak for solar space heating
A space heating using liquid flat-plate
collectors
• Water is heated in solar flat-plate
collector (A) and stored in the tank (B)
• Energy is transferred to the air
circulating in the space to be heated by
means of the water-to-air heat
exchanger (E)
• Two pumps (C) provide forced
circulation between the collectors and
the tank and between the tank and the
heat exchanger
• Provision is also made for adding
auxiliary heat (D)
Space heating using solar air heater
• Air is heated up in solar air
heater (A)
• The heat is then stored in
porous bed storage (B) packed
with rock, gravel or pebble
• Energy is extracted and
trasferred to the space by
blowing cool air through the
porous bed with fan(c )
• Auxiliary heater (D) is
provided for supplying make-
up heat
UTC based space heating system
• UTC- Unglazed transpired
collector (A) fixed in front of a
sun facing wall (B)
• Fan unit (c)
• Air distributing duct (D)
• A UTC is usually a perforated
dark-coloured metallic plate and
gets heated up by absorption of
solar radiation
• Ambient air, drawn through the
holes of the UTC by the fan, gets
heated as it flows in the space
between the UTC and the wall,
and is subsequently distributed
through the duct of the living
space
Passive method of space heating
• The south face of the house to be
heated is provided with a single or
double glazing
• Behind that is the thick, “black”,
concrete wall, which absorbs the sun’s
radiation and serve as a thermal storage
• During the day, Both A and B are kept open. (C and D are closed)
• The air between the inner glazing and the wall gets heated and flows into the living space
through the top vent.
• Cooler air from the room is pulled out of the living space through the bottom vent
• Thus natural circuilation path set up
• Some energy transfer to the living space also takes place by convection and radiation from the
inner surface of the storage wall
• During the neight, both vents are closed and energy transfer takes place only by convection and
radiation form the inner surface
• On hot summer day, B, C and D are kept open and A would be kept closed
• The heated air between the glazing and the wall would then flow out through vent C, drawing
air from the living space to replace it.
• This in turn would cause air to be pulled in from outside through vent D. Vent D is located such
that the air pulled in through it comes from a shaded and cool area