MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

ILIGAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Quality Education for a Better Mindanao
A. Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City
Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MINING ENGINEERING

In partial fulfillment of the requirement of the program and subject MSE 118

Activity 2

Determination of Partial Molar Volume

Performed by:
Andoy, Julie Joy
Barredo, Apple Mae
Gomonid, Jana Marie
Mariquit, Eldwin
Suerte, Clyde Mae

Submitted to:
Engr. Mona Lisa C. Pacaña

March 21,2018
 I. INTRODUCTION

This experiment is primarily focused on the determination on measurement of the density

and specific volume of a non-ideal solution, and partial molar volumes of its components by
using a pycnometer. Solutions of hydrochloric acid and water had been prepared with varying
concentrations and a pycnometer was calibrated and used by weighing it along with the liquid
samples one at a time, for the accurate measurement of the density of each mixture. The latter
was measured to calculate for the specific volume of each solution of different HCl
concentration. The data were then plotted in a graph to get the partial specific volumes of both
components of different concentration by drawing lines tangent to the curve drawn from the
graph. The partial specific volumes obtained were then used in calculating the partial molar
volume of components in solution. Results showed that the partial molar volume of HCl
increases with its concentration and molar fraction, exhibiting direct proportionality. The partial
molar volume of water, on the other hand, decreases with increasing concentration of HCl
solution and molar fraction, exhibiting inverse proportionality. Hence, in this experiment, the
partial molar volume of HCl-water mixtures is to be determined using density and specific
volume measurement.

II. THEORY

If we mix 50 cm3 of ethanol with 20 cm3 of water at 25 0C we will obtain 67 cm3 of the
resulting solution.[] The difference in the solution volume and the sum of the pure volumes is due
to the nature of the unlike ethanol-water interactions and the fact that they are different from the
water-water or ethanol-ethanol pure component interactions. When a component becomes part of
a mixture, its properties change; however it still contributes to the properties of the mixture,
since the total solution properties of the mixture depend on the amount present of each
component and its resultant interactions. We can define a partial molar property to account for
the contribution of a component to the mixture property.[3] In general, the partial molar volume of
a component A in a mixture is the change in volume per mole of A added to a large volume of
the mixture.

For a binary system with components A and B, the total volume of a molar solution
can be expressed as follows:
𝑚𝑙
𝑉 = 𝑥𝐴 𝑉̅𝐴 + 𝑥𝐵 𝑉̅𝐵 ( ) (eq. 1)
𝑚𝑜𝑙

where 𝑥𝐴 and 𝑥𝐵 are the mole fractions, and 𝑉̅𝐵 and 𝑉̅𝐵 are the partial molar volumes of A and B,
respectively. [2]
The partial molar volume 𝑉̅𝐶 of a component can be calculated using the formula:
𝑚𝑙
𝑉̅𝐶 = 𝑉̅𝑠 ∗ 𝑀𝑊 ( ) (eq. 2)
𝑚𝑜𝑙
 Where 𝑉̅𝑠 and MW is the partial specific volume and molecular weight of the component,
respectively.[1]
The partial specific volumes of each component were determined through plotting a
graph of the specific volume against percentage by weight of HCl. Tangent lines were then
drawn to the smooth curve that passed through the points. These tangent lines were then
extrapolated till they intercept on the ordinate at 0% and 100% weight of HCl. The values at the
two intercepts give the partial specific volume for water and HCl respectively at that
concentration.
The specific volume, 𝑉𝑠 , of the solution is expressed as:
1 𝑚𝑙
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑝 (𝑔) (eq. 3)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑚 𝑔 [1]
where 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑝 = (𝑚𝑙) (eq.4)
𝑣

Thus, at this experiment, the partial molar volumes of each component at different
concentrations were obtained by using the above equations.

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

A 25-mL pycnometer was dried and weighed. Its weight was taken and was recorded as
wp. It is then filled with distilled water with the water level reaching the top of the capillary. It
was free of air bubbles and the outer surface of the pycnometer was completely wiped dry. It was
then weighed on the analytical balance and its weight recorded as wg. Using the density of water
at 25 degree Celsius, ρ = 0.997 g/ml, the volume of pycnometer was calculated.
The pycnometer was dried again and was filled using a pipette with a 37.25 wt% HCl
solution, making it reach the top of the capillary, then wiped dry. It was then weighed and
recorded. The densities of 30, 20, and 10 wt% HCl solution were determined using the following
steps.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1. Data obtained during experiment.

Table 2. Solved data using the above equations.

0.98
0.96
specific volume (ml/g)

0.94
0.92
0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
percentage weight of HCl (%)

Fig. 1. The specific volumes of different weight % HCl solutions.

 Table 3. Data obtained from equation 4. (experimental data)

1.1 1.1

1 1

0.9 0.9
Partial specific volumes of Water (ml/g)

Partial specific volumes of HCl (ml/g)

0.8 0.8

0.7 0.7

0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

Fig. 2. The 0partial specific volumes of water (left scale) and HCl (right scale). 0
0 10 20 30 40% HCL
wt 50Solutions
60 70 80 90 100
V. REFERENCES
[1] Athawale, V.D. and Parul, M., Experimental Physical Chemistry, New Age International (P)
Limited Publishers. 2001. pp. 56-58
[2] Atkins, P. and De Paula, J., Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.
2010. pp. 157-158
[3] Nguyen, T.K., Chemical and Materials Engineering. Winter 2009. pp. 36-37