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AUTHORS:
DEEPTI .D K.L.KIRAMMAI
FROM:
EMAIL ID:
deeptidesu@yahoo.com
kiranmaikuncham@yahoo.co.in
CONTENTS:
1) Abstract
3) Ethanol
4) Hydrogen
- Hydrogen in IC engines
- Examples
5) Conclusion
ABSTRACT:
“Necessity is the mother of invention. Energy
crisis is the cry of future.” Why to Consider Alternative Energy?
The historical and the present-
day civilization are closely interwoven with energy and in Alternative energy sources provide many benefits.
future, our existence will be more dependent upon energy. Renewable energy development can create quality jobs
The conventional sources of energy, the single most
and promote economic development, especially in rural
important pre-requisite for power generation, are
areas. If used to diversify utility resource portfolios,
depleting fast. The world is heading towards a global
energy crisis mostly due to running out of these energy alternative energy technologies can provide a hedge
sources; decreasing the dependency on fossil fuels is against rising fuel prices and can be valuable risk
recommended. Yet, the sources of energy are infinite. The
management tools.
greatest task today is to exploit the non-conventional
While some renewable energy resources are not always
energy resources for power generation.
available (that is, the wind does not always blow and the
costly. matter.
emissions-free. This makes them attractive from an WHY TO ADOPT ETHANOL AS ALTERNATE
environmental standpoint. An additional environmental FUEL?
Finally, selected applications of energy efficiency and 2. Ethanol can be produced in large quantities at
low cost from these mollasses
renewable energy technologies can enhance the disaster
3. Its high oxygen content improves the
resiliency of communities and individual structures. For combustion characteristics
example, roof- or skid-mounted solar electric systems can 4. It also reduces the harmful emissions from IC
engines such as sulphur-di-oxide, oxides of
provide needed power to hospitals, fire stations, police
nitrogen, particulate emissions
departments, gas stations, national guard armories, etc.
in
BLEND FORMATION:
ETHANOL:
The easiest method by which ethanol could be used is in
Among the various options, Ethanol, an alcohol seems to
the form of diesel ethanol blend. But ethanol has limited
be a most promising option for countries like India
because of its availability from agriculture products. solubility in diesel; hence ethanol/diesel solutions are
Alcohol can be used in diesel engines in following ways. restricted to small percentages (typically 20%). This
One method is injection of ethanol with inlet air using
problem of limited solubility has been overcome by
carburetion or electronic injection system and other is
emulsion of diesel and ethanol. And also enable a emulsions, which have the capability of accommodation
larger displacement of diesel up to 40% by volume. But to engine by carbureting or vaporizing the ethanol into
the
the major drawbacks of emulsions are the cost of
intake stream. This method requires addition of a
emulsifiers and poor low temperatures physical carburetor or vaporizer along with a separate fuel tank,
cylinder head and its also important for sparkplugs in the surface ignition, continuously operated glow plugs, spark
cylinder head and it’s also important for proper plug plugs, fuel additives, exhaust gas recirculation, diesel
cooling.
injection, special piston design like sonex combustion
IGNITION IMPROVERS:
system (SCS) [8], intake air heating either by controls on
Another method of using neat ethanol is to increase their
FUMIGATION:
HYDROGEN:
Hydrogen is clean because water is the product after
combustion in an internal combustion engine. However, it
It is observed from the Graph1 that the engine running is important to note that nitrogen oxides [NOx] are
with ethanol shows higher brake thermal efficiency when produced as well because the high temperature in the
reduces the heat loss to the combustion chamber walls, with oxygen. However, the NOx produced is still less than
the value of brake thermal efficiency is greatly increased. that from petrol/diesel internal combustion engines.
GRAPH:2
refilling: all that enters is electricity and water.
There are numerous prototype or production cars
and buses based on fuel cell technology being researched
or manufactured. Research is ongoing at companies like
BMW, Hyundai, and Nissan, among many others. There
production, such as a fleet of Thor buses with UTC Power
HYDROGEN POSTMAN’S BIKE
Some Automobile
are
∙ BMW — 7 series
(auxiliary power),
based on UTC Power fuel cell technology
∙ Ford Focus FCV — a Hydrogen fuel cell modification
of the Ford Focus
∙ Honda is experimenting with a variety of alternate fuels
and fuel cells with experimental
vehicles based on the Honda EV Plus The hydrogen internal combustion engine inside a bus
∙ Mazda – RX8, with a dualfuel (hydrogen or gasoline)
rotary – engine
Conclusion:
A few bus companies conducting Hydrogen fuel
In conclusion finally it can be inferred that of all the
cell research are
alternative fuels, hydrogen is the best and efficienct