OTN Overheads

OTN, short for optical transport network, transmits information through optical signals over fibers. Complying with OTN Frame Overheads
ITU-T G.709, the network provides transmission, multiplexing, routing, management, supervisory, and protection of
client services based on optical channels. Integrating the advantages of WDM large-capacity pipes and transparent
transmission, and SDH quick and flexible electrical-layer cross-connection grooming, and diversified protection
schemes, OTN is easy to maintain and is the optimal technology for large-granular service transmission. An OTUk frame structure
1 78 14 15 16 17 3824 3825 4080
OTUk Overheads
consists of overheads, payloads, 1 FA OTUk
overheads

overheads
and forward error correction (FEC).
OTN Structure 2 OPUk payloads OTUk FEC
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
SM subfields:

OPUk
OTUk frame structure 3 (4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes) TTI: trail trace identifier, used to transmit 64-byte OTUk TTI
ODUk overheads SM GCC0 RES
(4 x 4080 bytes)
4 signals.
BIP-8: for OTUk bit error detection. This byte provides a bit
Client signals interleaved parity-8 (BIP-8) code. The OTUk BIP-8 is
1 2 3
Overheads are bytes used for operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) to ensure proper and flexible computed over the bits in the OPUk (columns 15 to 3824)
Electrical layer OPUk OPUk OH OPUk payloads transmission of payloads. OTN frame overheads consist of frame alignment (FA), OTUk, ODUk, and OPUk overheads. TTI BIP-8
area of OTUk frame i, and inserted in the OTUk BIP-8
overhead location in OTUk frame i+2.
BEI/BIAE: used to convey the count of bit errors and incoming
ODUk channels ODUk PMOH OPUk
FA Overheads 0
alignment error condition in the upstream direction.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BDI: used to convey the signal fail status detected in a section
ODUk tandem connection ODUk TCMOH ODUkP SAPI
termination sink function in the upstream direction.

BDI
IAE
15
OTUk[V] Consist of: 16 IAE: used to allow the S-CMEP ingress point to inform its peer
BEI/BIAE RES
section OTUk[V] OH ODUkT OTUk[V] FEC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Frame alignment signal (FAS), used for signal frame alignment DAPI S-CMEP egress point that an alignment error in the incoming
FAS MFAS
and consisting of 3 OA1 bytes and 3 OA2 bytes(OA1 = 1111 0110; 31 signal has been detected.
1
Optical OCh payloads
OA2 = 0010 1000). 32
GCC0: used to support a general communications channel
Multiframe alignment signal (MFAS), used for multiframe alignment
layer and spanning multiple OTUk/ODUk frames. An MFAS byte consists
Operator specific between OTUk termination points.
RES: reserved.
of no more than 256 frames. 63
Full functionality OTM-n.m structure
OCh OH OCCp OCCp OCCp OCCp
OTN Mapping ODUk Overheads
OCG-n.m
OCCo
OCCo
OCCo

OCCo
OCCo

OMSn payload 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
The client signal or an optical channel data tributary unit group (ODTUGk) is mapped into the OPUk.
OMU-n.m OMSn OH The OPUk is mapped into an ODUk and the ODUk is mapped into an OTUk[V]. The OTUk[V] is then TCM
COMMs

1 RES TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL

OTM

OTSn payload ACT

OTM-n.m mapped into an OCh[r].
OTSn OH
2 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP
×1 OPUCn Vendor specific
(S)
×1 ODUCn × 80 ODU0 3 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES
OTUCn ODTUCn.1
Reduced functionality OTM-nr.m structure (S)
OPUCn ×1 × 40
ODU1
ODU2
×1 (S) ODTUCn.2 ODU2e
ODTUGCn × 10
OCG-nr.m OCCp OCCp OCCp OCCp OCCp
PT = 22
ODTUCn.8 ODU3 PM and TCMn (n = 1-6)
×2
ODTUCn.20 ODU4 PM and TCM subfields:
OTM-nr.m OPSn × 80/ts
ODTUCn.ts ODUflex
1 2 3
ODU4 TTI/BIP-8/BEI/BIAE/BDI: These subfields have the same
to ODU (S) ODU4 ×1 OPU4 ×1 TTI BIP-8 meaning as those in the SM field of OTUk overheads but
×1 (L) (L) Client signal
× 80
ODTU4.1
different monitoring levels.
OTU4[V] ODU0
BIP-8: The BIP-8 is computed over the bits in the OPUk
Reduced functionality OTM-0.m structure ODU4 × 1
ODU4 ×1 OPU4 ×1 × 40
ODTU4.2 ODU1
PM
(columns 15 to 3824) area of ODUk frame i, and inserted in
(H) (H) 0
to ODU (S) ODTUG4 × 10 ODU2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ODTU4.8 SAPI the ODUk BIP-8 overhead location in OTUk frame i+2.

BDI
PT = 21 ODU2e
OTM-0.m OPS0 ×2
ODTU4.31 ODU3 15 STAT: ODUk maintenance signals.
16 BEI STAT
× 80/ts FTFL: used to transmit a 256-byte fault type and fault location
ODTU4.ts ODUflex DAPI
k: rate level n: number of wavelengths m: bit rate r: reduced functionality × 1/X (FTFL) message.
ODU3 OPU3-X Client signal 31 TCMn
to ODU (H,S) ODU3 32 EXP: for experimental use and currently used by coherent boards.
(L) ×1 OPU3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RES: reserved.
×1
Differences Between Full and Reduced Functionality Structures Client signal Operator specific

BDI
(L)
OTU3[V] × 16 63 i OTN provides six levels of TCMn (n = 1-6) overheads and
ODTU13 ODU1 BEI/BIAE STAT
Full functionality OTM-n.m structure supports OTM overhead signals, including optical channel overheads, optical ODU3 OPU3 ×1 three allocation modes (cascaded, nested, or overlapped),
ODU3 × 1 (H) (H) ×4
multiplexing section overheads, and optical transmission section overheads. These overheads are transmitted over an to ODU (H,S)
ODTU23 ODU2 which can be determined flexibly as required.
independent optical supervisory channel (OSC). ODTUG3 × 32
ODTU3.1 ODU0
Reduced functionality OTM-nr.m and OTM-0.m structures do not support OOS signals or OSC channels, and they support PT = 21
×3
×1 ODTU3.9 ODU2e
only a small number of wavelengths. For example, an OTM-nr.m interface supports a maximum of 16 wavelengths (n = 16)
while an OTM-0.m interface supports only one wavelength (non-colored).
× 32/ts
ODTU3.ts ODUflex OPUk Overheads
× 16
ODTUG3 ODTU13 ODU1 1 2
OTN Rates PT = 20 ×4
ODTU23 ODU2
1 RES JC
ODU2e PSI: used to transmit a 256-byte payload structure identifier (PSI) signal.
ODU2e × 1 OPU2e PSI[0] contains a one-byte payload type (PT). PSI[1] to PSI[255] are
to ODU (H,S) (L) (L) Client signal
2 RES JC mapping and concatenation specific.
Gbit/s ODU2 × 1/X
OPU2-X Client signal JC: used to control two justification opportunity bytes NJO and PJO.
to ODU (H,S) 3 RES JC
ODU2 RES: reserved.
×1 (L) ×1 OPU2 Client signal
(L) 4 PSI NJO PJO
1.239 2.488 9.995 40.150 104.356 208.712 417.424 OTU2[V] ×4
×1 ODTU12 ODU1
×1 ODU2 OPU2 ×8
1.244 2.498 10.037 40.319 104.794 209.588 419.176 (H) (H) ODTUG2
ODU2 ODTU2.1 ODU0
PT = 21
2.666 10.709 43.018 111.810 223.620 447.240 to ODU (H,S) × 8/ts
ODTU2.ts ODUflex Acronyms and Abbreviations
×1 ODTUG2 ×4
ODTU12 ODU1 APS Automatic Protection Switching ODUkP ODUk which provides E2E Path Supervision
PT = 20
OPUk OPU0 OPU1 OPU2 OPU3 OPU4 OPUC2 OPUC4 ODU1
BDI Backward Defect Indication ODUkT ODUk which provides TCM
× 1/X BEI Backward Error Indication OMS Optical Multiplex Section
to ODU (H,S) OPU1-X Client signal
ODU1 BIAE Backward Incoming Alignment Error OOS OTM Overhead Signal
×1 (L) ×1 OPU1 Client signal BIP-8 Bit Interleaved Parity-8 OPUk Optical Channel Payload Unit - k
OTU1[V] (L) DAPI Destination Access Point Identifier OTS Optical Transmission Section
ODUk ODU0 ODU1 ODU2 ODU3 ODU4 ODUC2 ODUC4
×1 ODU1 OPU1 × 1 ODTUG1 ×2 FTFL Fault Type and Fault Location OTM Optical Transport Module
ODU1 (H) (H) PT = 20 ODTU01 ODU0 FA Frame Alignment OTUk Optical Channel Transport Unit - k
to ODU (H,S) FAS Frame Alignment Signal PCC Protection Communication Channel
ODU0 ODU0 ×1 OPU0 ×1 GCC General Communication Channel PJO Positive Justification Opportunity
OTUk OTU1 OTU2 OTU3 OTU4 OTUC2 OTUC4 to ODU (H,S) (L) (L) Client signal
JC Justification Control PSI Payload Structure Identifier
ODUflex × 1 OPUflex ×1 MFAS MultiFrame Alignment Signal SAPI Source Access Point Identifier
ODUflex Client signal
to ODU (H,S) (L) (L) NJO Negative Justification Opportunity SM Section Monitoring
i OPUk rate=238/(239-k) x STM-N bit rate OCC Optical Channel Carrier TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring
ODUk rate=239/(239-k) x STM-N bit rate Multiplexing Mapping OCh Optical Channel with full functionality TTI Trail Trace Identifier
ODUk Optical Channel Data Unit - k
OTUk rate=255/(239-k) x STM-N bit rate
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