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Genetic Variation
Central Dogma
Mutation
Migration
Recombination
Types of mutation
Point mutations
Point mutations
Frameshift mutations
Chromosomal mutations
Sources of genetic variation
Mutations can change:
Individual nucleotides
Series of nucleotides (genes)
Regions of chromosomes (many genes)
Entire chromosomes (& chromosome numbers)
1. Random mutations
2. Acquired hereditary resistance
The Luria-Delbrück experiment
Beneficial? Deleterious?
Effects of mutations in Bacteriophage
Experimentally produced mutations
Evolution
Genotype of Populations
Environment
Phenotype
Development
of Individuals
Simple polymorphisms can produce
differences in phenotype
Sometimes a single genotype can
produce multiple phenotypes
Phenotypic plasticity:
different phenotypes
produced by a single
genotype in different
environments
Quantitative traits influenced by
genes and the environment