Angel of God,

my guardian dear,
to whom God's love commits me here,
ever this day,
be at my side
to light and guard,
to rule and guide.

catholic - prayer to the guardian

What is the kinetic energy of a 2 kg ball that travels a distance of 50 meters in 5
seconds?

The velocity of the ball is easily calculable: v = = 10 m/s . With values for the
mass and velocity of the ball, we can calculate kinetic energy:

K= mv 2 = (2 kg)(10 m/s)2 = 100 J

Problem :

In a sense we all have kinetic energy, even when we are standing still. The earth,
with a radius of 6.37×106 meters, rotates about its axis once a day. Ignoring the
earth's rotation about the sun, what is the kinetic energy of a 50 kg man standing
on the surface of the earth?

To find the velocity of the man we must find how far he travels over a given time
period. In one day, or 86400 seconds, the man travels the circumference of the

earth, or 2Πr meters. Thus the velocity of the man is v = = = 463 m/s.
Again, since we know the velocity and mass of the man we can calculate kinetic

energy. K = mv 2 = (50 kg)(463 m/s)2 = 5.36×106 Joules.

Problem :

A ball is dropped from a height of 10 m. What is its velocity when it hits the
ground?
The ball is acted upon by a constant gravitational force, mg . The work done
during its total trip, then, is simply mgh . By the Work-Energy theorem, this
causes a change in kinetic energy. Since the ball initially has no velocity, we can
find the final velocity by the equation:
W = ΔK

mgh = mv 2

Solving for v ,
 v= = = 14 m/s
The final velocity of the ball is 14 m/s. We found this by one simple calculation,
avoiding the cumbersome kinematic equations. This is an excellent
demonstration of the advantages of working with the concepts of work and
energy, as opposed to simple kinematics.

Problem :

A ball is thrown vertically with a velocity of 25 m/s. How high does it go? What is
its velocity when it reaches a height of 25 m?

The ball reaches its maximum height when its velocity is reduced to zero. This
change in velocity is caused by the work done by gravitational force. We know
the change in velocity, and hence the change in kinetic energy of the ball, and
can calculate its maximum height from this:
W = ΔK

mgh = mv f 2 - mv o 2

But v f = 0 , and the masses cancel, so

h= = = 31.9 m

When the ball is at a height of 25 meters, the gravitational force has done an
amount of work on the ball equal to W = - mgh = - 25 mg. This work causes a
change in velocity of the particle. We now use the Work-Energy Theorem, and
solve for the final velocity:

- mgh = mv f 2 - mv o 2

Again, the masses cancel:

vf2= v o 2 - gh

Thus

Vf= = = 11.6 m/s

Problem :

A ball with enough speed can complete a vertical loop. With what speed must the
ball enter the loop to complete a 2 m loop? (Keep in mind that the velocity of the
ball is not constant throughout the loop).

At the top of the loop, the ball must have enough velocity such that the
centripetal force provided by its weight keeps the ball in circular motion. In other
words:

F G = F c thus mg =

Solving for v ,

v= = = 4.4 m/s
This value for the velocity gives us the minimum velocity at the top of the loop.
But we are asked for the minimum velocity at the bottom of the loop. How do we
find this? You guessed it: Work-Energy Theorem.

During the entire vertical loop, the ball is acted upon by two forces: the normal
force and the gravitational force. The normal force, by definition, always points
perpendicular to the circumference of the loop, and thus the motion of the ball.
Consequently, it cannot perform work on the ball. The gravitational force, on the
other hand, does perform work on the ball, according the height it reaches. Since
the radius of the circle is 2 m, the ball reaches a height of 4 m, and experiences
work from the gravitational force of - mgh = - 2mg . Remember the sign is
negative because the force acts in a direction opposite the motion of the ball.
This work causes a change in velocity from the bottom of the loop to the top of
the loop, which can be calculated by the work-energy theorem:
W = ΔK

Thus

- mgh = mv f 2 - mv o 2
Canceling the mass and solving for v o ,

vo= = = 7.7 m/s

Thus the ball must enter the vertical loop of at least 7.7 m/s.
Problem 1
A body moves through a displacement of 4 m while a force F of 12 Newton acts on it.

What is the work done by the force on the body?

Answer
Work = force x displacement
W=FxS
W = 12 x 4
W = 48 joule

Problem 2
A block is pulled by a constant force of 40 Newton. If the work done by the force on the block
is 680 joule what is the displacement of the block?

Answer
The displacement of the block
W=FxS
680 = 40 x S
S = 680 / 40
S = 17 meter

Problem 3
A block displacement cause of a force in a horizontal surface is 13 meter and the work done
by the force on the block is 15.6 joule. Find the magnitude of the force!

Answer
Work = force x displacement
W=FxS
15.6 = F x 13
F = 15,6 / 13
F = 1.2 Newton

Problem 4
Two forces that are F1 = 10 N and F2 = 5 N act on a body in a frictionless floor. The
displacement of the body is 5 m, what is the work done by the forces on the body!

Answer
W = (F1 + F2) x S
W = (10 + 5) x 5
W = 15 x 5
W = 75 joule

Problem 5
Given two forces act on a block. F1 = 15 N and F2 = 7 N. If the displacement of the block
while the two forces act, find the work done on the block!
Answer
W = (F1 − F2) x S
W = (15 − 7) x 6
W=8x6
W = 48 joule

Problem 6
A work done on a block through two forces is 120 joule.

If the displacement of the block is 5 m, determine the magnitude of F2!

Answer
W = (F1 − F2) x S
120 = (36 − F2) x 5
120 / 5 = 36 − F2
24 = 36 − F2
F2 = 36 − 24
F2 = 12 Newton

Problem 7
A boy lifts up a book from the floor to the table. The mass of the book is 300 gram and the

height of the table is 80 cm.

Find the work done by the boy when the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s 2

Answer
Finding the work done by calculating the difference of gravitational potential energy of the
book, where the gravitational potential energy is Ep = m x g x h

W = Δ Ep
W = mxgxh
W = 0,300 x 10 x 0,80
W = 2,4 joule

Problem 8
A boy of 450 N of weight climbs a wood steps with a lenght of 3 m. The boy takes 6 seconds to
get the end of the steps. What is the power done by the boy on this activity!

Answer
The power (P), the work (W) and the time (t) relationship:
P = W/t

where W = (weight of the boy) x (the boy displacement) = 450 x 3 = 1350 joule

So then :
P = W/t
P = 1350 / 6
P = 225 watt
Problem 9
In two minutes the energy dissipated by a lamp is 3000 joule. Find the power of the lamp!

Answer
The data, 2 minutes = 120 sec

P = W/t
P = 3000 / 120
P = 25 watt

Problem 10
What is the work done by this boy?

A box of 50 Newton of weight is brought by a boy from A to B and then brought back to A.

Answer
W = 0 joule

SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEM SET #9:

WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY
1. A person is performing a lift against a 400 N load. The load moves vertically
through a distance of 20 cm in a time of 0.25 s.
F = 400 N; d = 0.2 m; t = 0.25s

(a) How much work was done on the load?

W = Fd = (400 N)(0.2 m) = 80 Joules

(b) What is the person's average power during the lift?

P = W / t = 80 J / 0.25s = 320 Watts

(c) What is the load's increased potential energy after the lift?
PE = mgh = Fd = (400 N)(0.2 m) = 80 Joules
2. If the load mentioned above was moving at 7.0 m/s after moving 10 cm, what was
its total energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy at this point (assume that the
load started 50 cm from the ground)?
F = 400 N = mg
vf = 7.0 m/s
df = 0.6 m
di = 0.5 m
vi = 0 m/s
m = F/g = 400 N / 9.81 N/kg = 40.8 kg
 KE = 1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (40.8 kg)(7.0 m/s)2
= 1000 J
PE = mgh = Fd = (400 N)(0.6 m)
= 240 J
Et = KE + PE = 1240 J

3. How high will a 30 kg object travel after it is released if it is released with a

vertical velocity of 2.0 m/s?
m = 30 kg
vv = 2.0 m/s
dto apex = ?
g = -9.81 m/s
According to the law of conservation of energy, KE + PE = constant. Initially
PE = 0, and at the apex KE = 0; so,
KEi = PEapex
1/2 mv2 = mgh
1/2 v2 = gh
h = v2/2g = (2.0 m/s)2 / 2(9.81 m/s2)
h = 0.2 m
4. How much power is present when a force of 500 N is applied to an object with a
mass of 100 kg that is moving at 6 m/s?
F = 500 N
v = 6 m/s
m = 100 kg
P=?
P = W/t = Fd/t = Fv = (500 N)(6 m/s) = 3000 Watts

5. What work is done when an object is lowered 1.80 m if the object has a mass of 700
kg?
h = 1.8 m
m = 700 kg
W=?
W = Fd = mgd = (700 kg)(-9.81 N)(-1.8 m) = 12361 Joules

6. What is the impulse delivered to a catcher's mitt by a 360 g ball that is traveling at
100 km/h and is then stopped by the catcher in .01 s?
m = 0.360 kg
vi = 100 km/h = (100 km/h)(3600 s/h) /(1000 m/km) = 360 m/s
vf = 0 m/s
t = 0.01 s
 I=?
I = Ft = m v = 0.360 kg (0 - 360 m/s) = -130 Ns
7. How high would you have to drop an 80 N object so that it will have a kinetic
energy of 2000 J when it hit the ground?
F = 80 N = mg
KE = 2000 J
h=?
due to law of conservation of energy, KE at ground = PE at apex
KEi = PEapex
1/2 mv2 = mgh
2000 J = (80 N) h
h = (2000 J) /(80 N) = 25 m

8. A 55 kg person moves at the constant speed of 7 m/s along a straight stretch of

track. What is the person's:
(a) acceleration
m = 55 kg
v = 7 m/s
if velocity is constant, then a = 0

(b) momentum
M = mv = (55kg)(7 m/s) = 385 kg m/s

(c) kinetic energy

KE = 1/2 mv2 = 1/2(55 kg)(7.0 m/s)2 = 1348 J

9. How much work is done to stop an 90 kg football player who is running at 8.5 m/s,
horizontally, and you do not have to knock him down?
m = 90 kg
vi = 8.5 m/s
vf = 0 m/s
W=?
The work you do must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to his
kinetic energy.
W = -KE = -1/2 mv2 = -1/2(90 kg)(8.5 m/s)2 = -3251 J

Question #10
What is the work done by a force of 500 N that acts at an angle of 25 degrees to an
object and that moves the object a displacement of 12 m?
F = 500 N at 25°
d = 12 m
 W=?
W = Fd = (500 N)(cos 25°)(12 m) = 5438 J

Question #11
Dino Dude is peacefully floating over the water when a big blue bird pops his
balloons, causing Dino Dude to fall 10 m before crashing into the water. If Dino
Dude has a mass of 20 kg, what is his velocity immediately before impact with the
water?
The principle of conservation of mechanical energy must be used to solve the first part
of this problem. The total mechanical energy Dino Dude possesses at a height of 10 m
is his potential energy. Immediately before impact with the water, his gravitational
potential energy can be assumed to be 0 and 100% of his mechanical energy will then
be kinetic.

Find the total energy possessed by Dino Dude

PE + KE = Constant
magh + 1/2 mv2 = Constant
(20 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(10 m) + 1/2 (20 kg)(0)2 = Constant
1962 J = Constant
Find Dino Dude's velocity just before impact
PE + KE = 1962 J
magh + 1/2 mv2 = 1962 J
(20 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(0 m) + 1/2 (20 kg)(v2) = 1962 J
v2 = 196.2 m2/s2
v = 14.0 m/s

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The following are problems involving force.

1) A boy pushes on a box of mass 17 kg and it moves at an acceleration

of 3.4m/s2. With what force does the boy push on the box?

2) A 17,250 kg rocket is pushed with a thrust of 2674508 N. What is the

acceleration of the rocket?

m/s2

3) If a force of 3000 N can move a crate at an acceleration of 3.4 m/s2, what

is the mass of the object?

kg