Moving load

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Pantograph

Train

Rifle
Examples of a moving load.

Force

Oscillator
 Mass
Types of a moving load.

In structural dynamics this is the load that changes in time the place to which is applied.
Examples: vehicles that pass bridges, trains on the track, guideways, etc. In computational
models the load is usually applied as:

 a simple massless force,

 an oscillator,
 an inertial force (mass and a massless force).
Numerous historical reviews concerning the moving load problem exist (for example,[1][2]).
Several publications deal with similar problems.[3]
The fundamental monograph is devoted to massless loads.[4] Inertial load in numerical models
are described in [5]Unexpected property of differential equations that govern the motion of the
mass particle travelling on the string, Timoshenkobeam, and Mindlin plate is described in.[6] It is
the discontinuity of the mass trajectory near the end of the span (well visible in string at the
speed v=0.5c). The moving load significantly increases displacements. The critical velocity, at
which the growth of displacements is the maximum, must be taken into account in engineering
projects. Structures that carry moving loads can have finite dimensions or can be infinite and
supported periodically or placed on the elastic foundation.
Let us consider simply supported string of the length l, cross-sectional area A, mass density ρ,
tensile force N, subjected to a constant force P moving with constant velocity v. The motion
equation of the string under the moving force has a form

Displacements of any point of the simply supported string is

given by the sinus series

where

and the natural circular frequency of the string

 In the case of inertial moving load the analytical
solutions are unknown. The equation of motion is
increased by the term related to the inertia of the
moving load. A concentrated
mass m accompanied by a point force P:

Convergence of the solution for different

number of terms.

The last term, because of complexity of

computations, is often neglected by
engineers. The load influence is reduced to
the massless load term. Sometimes the
oscillator is placed in the contact point. Such
approaches are acceptable only in low range
of the travelling load velocity. In higher ranges
both the amplitude and the frequency of
vibrations differ significantly in the case of
both types of a load.
The differential equation can be solved in a
semi-analytical way only for simple problems.
The series determining the solution
converges well and 2-3 terms are sufficient in
practice. More complex problems can be
solved by the finite element method or space-
time finite element method.

massless load inertial load

Vibrations of a string under a moving Vibrations of a string under a moving
massless force (v=0.1c); c is the wave inertial force (v=0.1c); c is the wave
speed. speed.

Vibrations of a string under a moving Vibrations of a string under a moving

massless force (v=0.5c); c is the wave inertial force (v=0.5c); c is the wave
speed. speed.

The discontinuity of the mass trajectory is

also well visible in the Timoshenko beam.
High shear stiffness emphasizes the
phenomenon.
 Vibrations of the Timoshenko beam: red lines -
beam axes in time, black line - mass trajectory
(w0- static deflection).

The Renaudot approach vs. the

Yakushev approach
The Renaudot approach

The Yakushev approach

Massless string under moving

inertial load
Let us consider a massless string,
which is a particular case of moving
inertial load problem. The first solve
the problem Smith .[7] The analysis
will follow the solution of
Fryba.[4] Assuming ρ=0, the equation
of motion of a string under a moving
mass can be put into the following
form

We impose simply-supported
boundary conditions and zero
initial conditions. To solve this
equation we use the convolution
property. We assume
dimensionless displacements of
the string y and dimensionless
time τ :
Massless string and a moving
mass - mass trajectory.

where wst is the static

deflection in the middle of the
string. The solution is given
by a sum

where α is the
dimensionless
parameters :

Parameters a, b and
c are given below

Massless
string and a
moving mass -
 mass
trajectory,
α=1.

In the case
of α=1 the
considered
problem has a
closed solution

References

1. Jum
p
up^
C.E.
Ingli
s. A
math
emat
ical
treati
se
on
vibra
tions
in
railw
ay
bridg
es.
Cam
bridg
e
Univ
ersit
y
Pres
s,
1934
.
2. Jum
p
up^
A.
Scha
llenk
amp.
Sch
wing
 unge
n
von
Trag
ern
bei
bew
egte
n
Last
en.
Inge
nieur
-
Archi
v, 8,
182-
198,
1937
.
3. Jum
p
up^
A.V.
Pest
erev;
L.A.
Berg
man;
C.A.
Tan;
T.C.
Tsao
; B.
Yan
g
(200
3). "
On
asy
mpto
tics
of
the
solut
ion
of
the
movi
ng
oscill
ator
probl
em" (
PDF).
 J.
Sou
nd
and
Vibr.
260.
pp. 5
19–
536.
4. ^ Ju
mp
up
to:a b
L.
Fryb
a
(199
9). V
ibrati
ons
of
solid
s
and
struc
tures
unde
r
movi
ng
load
s.
Tho
mas
Telfo
rd
Hou
se.
5. Jum
p
up^
C.I.
Baje
r&
B.
Dyni
ewic
z
(201
2). N
umer
ical
anal
ysis
of
 vibra
tions
of
struc
tures
unde
r
movi
ng
inerti
al
load.
Spri
nger.
6. Jum
p
up^
B.
Dyni
ewic
z&
C.I.
Baje
r
(200
9). "
Para
dox
of
the
parti
cle's
traje
ctory
movi
ng
on a
strin
g". A
rch.
Appl.
Mec
h. 79
(3).
pp. 2
13–
223.
7. Jum
p
up^
C.E.
Smit
h
(196
4).
 "Moti
on of
a
stret
ched
strin
g
carry
ing a
movi
ng
mas
s
parti
cle".
J.
Appl.
Mec
h. 31
(1).
pp. 2
9–
37.
Categories:
 Mechanical
vibrations
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