Commercial Mushroom Cultivation guide 2018

agricultureguruji.com/mushroom-cultivation/

April 20, 2018

Today you learn about Commercial Mushroom Cultivation:

Mushroom cultivation is one of the most significant agriculture business in the world.

Mushroom Cultivation History

The first mushroom ” Auricularia auricula” was cultivated about 600 A.D. Later, around 800-
900A. D. “Flammulina velutipes” cultivated in China

In India, commercial mushrooms farming started recently.

Nutritional Value of Mushrooms

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Mushrooms contain more protein than fruits & vegetable and, Mushrooms can also be low
in cholesterol.

Apart from their protein content, mushrooms can also be high in certain vitamins like B, C,
vitamin D, riboflavin, thiamine nicotinic acid.

Also an excellent source of iron, Potassium, and potassium along with folic acid, a
component known for improving the blood and avoidance deficiencies.

mushroom recommended as a health food by Food and Agricultural Organisation of United

Nations.

Mushroom Cultivation in India

In India, a marginal farmer and small manufacturing units produceFifty percent of

mushroom and the remaining mushroom produce by industrial institutions.

There are two chief forms of mushroom growers in India, seasonal farmers and commercial
mushroom framer who take production continue entire year.

Mostly both develop white button mushroom to your domestic market and export.
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The seasonal button mushroom growers are restricted to temperate regions like Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu, and Kashmir, hilly areas of Uttar Pradesh, hilly areas in Tamil Nadu and
North Eastern areas where farmers take 2-3 plants of button mushrooms at a year

To commercial mushroom farming, required heavy expenditure on the building

infrastructure, purchase of machinery and equipment, raw materials, labor, and energy.

It is very important for a mushroom grower to undergo a practically oriented training

programme.

In India there are various government & NGO organization provide, provide mushroom
cultivation training. However, NRCM is pioneer institute provides training.

Also, our Indian government promoting mushroom cultivation hence they give subsidy
under a different scheme like national horticulture board, Ministry of food processing,
APEDA

Before making to start mushroom farming decision following Factors have to be

Considered to become successful in commercial mushroom production business :

1. The mushroom farm should be closer to the house of the farmer for successful
Participation and monitoring purpose
2. Availability of lots of water in the farm
3. Easy accessibility to raw materials at competitive prices in the region
4. Simple access to labor at more affordable prices.
5. Availability of power at competitive prices, as electricity is a significant input in
mushroom cultivation
6. The farm should be from industrial pollutants such as chemical fumes,
7. There should be provision for sewage disposal
8. There should be provision for future growth in the farm.

Types of Mushrooms
There is various type of edible mushroom available in the world but in India mostly four type
mushroom cultivated.

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 1. White Button Mushroom
2. Portobello Mushroom
3. Dhingri (Oyster) Mushroom
4. Paddy Straw Mushroom

Among all above White Button mushroom has high demand the most popular hence most
farmer select this variety for commercially mushroom farming.

Average price for white button mushroom is in between 50-100 rs per kg this depends
upon market demand. White Button mushroom is mostly consumed mostly hotels and metro
cities.

Button mushroom cultivation process

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For the cultivation of button mushroom “Agaricus bisporus” species is chosen because,
Regarding production, it comes first place in the world.

In India, the favorable season for mushroom cultivation is October to march.

Cultivation Procedure has Five Main steps

1. Mushroom Spawn
2. preparing of compost
3. Spawning of mulch
4. Casing
5. Cropping and harvest administration

Mushroom Spawn:

Spawn is planting material for mushroom cultivation that is it is a seed of mushroom. For
the preparation of mushroom spawn required greater technical skill & investment mostly
mushroom spawn produce large institute.

mushroom grower import spawn from the renowned source

here you can find a list of mushroom spawn producer

Good Qualities mushroom spawn has following qualities

1. The spawn should Be rapidly growing in the compost

2. Provide early pruning following casing
3. high yielding
4. It must create the greater grade of mushroom

Preparing of compost

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Compost is an artificially prepared growth medium from which mushroom can derive
essential nutrients necessary for growth.

There are two primary methods for compost preparation:

Longer Method
Short Method

Short Method takes less time to prepare compost than longer method but requires more
capital and resources. The compost made by the short method is suitable for high yielding
mushroom production.

Longer Method:
This is an outdoor procedure and takes around 28 days in its conclusion with a total of
seven turnings.

Materials are required for the longer method is as follows.

Ingredient weight

Wheat straw 300 kg

Wheat bran 15 kg

calcium ammonium nitrate 9 kg

Urea 4 kg

Muriate of Potash 3 kg

Superphosphate 3 kg

Gypsum 20 Kg

Before creating compost, The mixture of wheat straw is placed for 1-2 days (24-48 hours)
on the floor and spray water several times in a day with a fixed time interval.

Day 0:
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In this stage, the above Ingredient except Gypsum is mixed well and make a 5-feet-wide, 5-
foot-high stack. With wooden box help or any other equipment.

The length of the stack depends on the amount of material, but the height and width should
not be more or less than the measurements written above and It kept as it is as for five
days.

Water is spray as per the requirement of lower moisture in the outer layers. The
temperature of this stack in about two to three days gets around 65-70 ° C, which is a good
sign.

First turnaround (6th day)

On the sixth day, start the first turnaround.

Keep in mind that during the turning point, each part of the stack should be thoroughly
mixed, and enough air circulates so that humidity to get rid of each piece of compost.

If the moisture content in the compost is reduced, then the water is sprayed as per the
requirement. The size and size of the new pile are similar to the first one.

Second turnaround (10th day)

The second turnaround is as similar as the first turnaround

Third turnaround (13th day):

In the third turnaround add Gypsum follow the same procedure as the first turnaround me
& mix completely

Fourth turnaround (16th day)

same process as the first turnaround

Fifth turnaround (19th day)

same procedure as the first turnaround

6th Turnaround (22nd Day)

Seventh turnaround (25th day):

Sprinkle Nuwan or Malathion (0.1%). at this turnover

Eighth turnaround(28th day)

check Ammonia and moisture in compost on the twenty-eighth day.

To know the level of moisture, press the compost in the palm and check moister level;

if the fingers become wet on the press, but the water with the compost does not squeeze,
in this condition, the humidity level is appropriate in the compost

in this situation, in the compost, 68-70 Percent moisture is present which is suitable for
seed production.

To check ammonia, in compost, the compost is smoked, I if there is the smell of ammonia,
give the difference of 3 days should provide one or two flip-outs.

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When the smell of ammonia is finally finished, and the sweet aroma comes from the
compost, then compost is spread on the floor and let it cool down to 25 degree Celsius
temperature.

Short Method
Compost prepared by this method gives the high-quality product, and there is very little
chance of infections.

Ingredient weight

Wheat straw 1000 kg

Chicken manure 600 kg

Wheat bran 60 kg

Urea 15 kg

Gypsum 50 Kg

This method is complete in two stages:

I- Outdoor composting
Mix Wheat straw with chicken manure and spray water. First turning start on the fourth day
and create 45cm high heap.

On the seventh day start second turning whet bran, urea and gypsum are add mix
thoroughly and maintain inner temperature of the compost in between 70-75 ° C.

third turning start on the eighth day

on the tenth day, compost is a transferred toward pasteurization tunnel and start second
phase indoor composting.

II- Indoor composting

In this stage, pasteurization Process carried out in a closed environment.

Fill Compost in the pasteurization tunnel and the moment the compost at the tunnel has
stuffed the doors, and new air damper is appropriately closed, and the blower is placed on
for recirculation of air @ 150-250 cubic meter/ 1000 pound compost/ hour.

The stage II indoor composting procedure is complete in 3 phases:

I) Pre-peak heating point:

After about 12-15 hours of mulch filling, the temperature of compost begins climbing, and
after 48-50° C is got, it needs to be kept for 36-40 hours together with the venting system.
Ordinarily, such temperatures are achieved by self-production of heat from the compost
mass with no steam injection

Ii) Peak heat PoInt :

Increase the warmth of compost to 57-58° C by self-production of heat from parasitic
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activity if it’s not obtained. Injecting the live steam at the majority chamber and keep for 8
hours to guarantee effective pasteurization. New air introduced by launching of the fresh air
damper into 1/6 or even 1/4 of its capacity and air socket also is exposed to the identical
extent.

Iii) Post- peak heat point :

Lower the temperature slowly to 48-52 ° C.and keep until no indications of ammonia have
been found in compost. This can take 3-4 times in a balanced formula. After the mulch is
free of ammonia, complete clean air is brought on by opening the damper to the utmost
capacity and cool the compost down to about 250C That’s considered as the favorable
temperature for spawning

Spawning
The seeds are a mix of the compost. Before seeding, wash the utensils used in seeding
and seeding in 2% formalin solution and wash the hands of the person working in the
seedling with soap so that any infection can be avoided.

After this, add seed to 0.5 to 0.75 percent, that is, 100 kg G 500-750 grams of seeds are
sufficient for ready compost.

Casing soil
The importance of casing soil would be to keep the moisture content and exchange of
pollutants inside the top layer of the compost which assists in the correct development of
the mycelium. The pH of this casing soil should be 7.5-7.8 and have to be free of any
disease.

The casing soil is stacked on the cemented ground and can be treated with 4% formalin
solution. Through rotation of the ground is completed and it’s covered with polythene sheet
for another 3-4 days. Pasteurization of shell soil at 65° C for 6-8 hours is shown to be a lot
more successful.

3-4cm thick coating of casing soil has been spread thickly on the compost once the surface
was coated with white mycelium of this fungus. Formalin solution (0.5 percent) is
subsequently being sprayed. Appropriate ventilation ought to be organized together with
water being sprayed a couple of times every day.

Harvesting of crop

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Mushroom Pinhead initiation starts after 10-12 days and mushroom crop harvested in 50-
60 days. The crop should be harvested before the gills available because this might
diminish its quality and market worth.

Mushroom Productivity
Generally from the longer method of composting 14-18 kg mushroom produce & 18 – 20
kg mushroom produced from the short method from 1000 kg compost

Economic of White Button Mushroom

Particular Details Amount

fixed cost

Crop Room size (30 x 17 x 9 ft) 3 tier 25,000

Spray pump 1 unit 1500

Thermo-hygrometer 1 unit 500

Bucket 2 unit 500

weight Balance 1 unit 500

Total 28000

variable cost

Spawn, compost & 10 ton Rs. 2000/- per ton 20000

casing soil

Pesticides insecticides & formalin 2000

Electricity, fuel, water charges 1500

Polythene sheet 2000 sq.ft. 2000

Miscellaneous 1500

Total 27000

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 Return

Total mushroom production 1800 kg

Market rate @ Rs. 60 per kg 108000

Cost of Cultivation 27000

Net Return 81000

Disclaimer: (The above calculations are indicative only.)

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