Excavation of Unsuitable Material and Back Fill With Suitable Material

EXCAVATION OF UNSUITABLE MATERIAL AND BACK FILL WITH SUITABLE

MATERIAL

OBJECTIVE 

To outline the work instruction by which the excavation of unsuitable material

and backfill with suitable fill is carried out. 

REFERENCES  
MS ISO 9001 Clause 7.5.1
BS 1377 Method of test for soils for Civil Engineering purposes

DEFINITIONS 

Unsuitable material – shall include 

i) running silt, peat, logs, stumps, perishable or toxic material, slurry or mud,
or 

ii) any material 

- Consisting of highly organic clay and silt. 
- Which is clay having a liquid limit exceeding 80% and / or a plasticity index
exceeding 55%. 
- Which is susceptible to spontaneous ignition. 
- Which has a loss of weight greater than 2.5% on ignition. 
- Containing large amounts of roots, grass and other vegetable matter. 

iii) Suitable Material – shall mean those materials other than the unsuitable
materials defined above. 

MATERIALS 

All Suitable Material / Earth Fill must have record of Proctor Test and
Engineer to verify the soil characteristic so as it will suit with the existing
earth at the excavated area.

HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS 

Handling : - Transport for material shall be carried out by dump trucks or

other suitable machinery. 
Storage : Suitable material / Earth fill must be protected and cover if not
been use within 24 hours or as per environmental guideline.

PLANT, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 

Excavator, Lorries, Dozer, Compactor and Backpusher. 

PREPARATORY WORKS 

1. Obtain relevant approved construction drawing from client / client’s

representatives.
2. Set out the location and limits of work.
3. Carry out Soil Investigation to determine the depth of unsuitable
material and submit the results to the client / client’s representative
for decision on depth of unsuitable material that needs to be replaced.
4. Carry out survey to obtain original ground level and submit to client /
client’s representatives.
5. Identify and obtain approval for disposal site.

WORK METHODOLOGY 

1. Prepare access to the working area and plan for the lorry and plant
movements.
2. Excavate the unsuitable material to the required depth as specified by
the client / client’s representative and dispose at approved disposal
area.
3. Transport, fill and spread suitable material in layers. The loose for
each layer of fill shall be determined from the trial compaction.
4. Repeat step 4 until the required level is achieved. Carry out necessary
tests as per inspection & test plans :
Compaction Trials : The BS 1377 Compaction test (4.5 kg
rammer method) shall be used in determining the moisture
contest versus density relation of soil.
 Degree of compaction : The whole of the embankment
below the top 300mm of the subgrade shall be compacted
to not less than 90% (for cohesive material) or 95% (for
cohesionless material) of the maximum dry density
determined in the BS 1377 Compaction test (4.5 kg rammer
method)
Field Density Testing : Field density tests on each layer of
compacted earth fill shall be carried out using sand
replacement method in accordance with BS 1377.
Moisture control : - Each layer of earth fill shall be
processed as necessary to bring its moisture content to a
uniform level throughout the material, suitable for
compaction. The Optimum moisture content as determined
by BS 1377 compaction test (4.5 kg rammer method) shall
be used as a guide in determining the proper moisture
content at which each soil type shall be compacted.
5. Submit request for inspection form for joint inspection and joint
measurement with client / client’s representative using Earthwork
Inspection checklist.
6. Request client / client’s representative to sign on checklists and
maintain all inspection / approval records as per Project Filing Index.
7. Carry out computation and submit for claim.

Posted by mny at 3:33 PM  0 comments   

T U E S D AY, S E P T E M B E R 2 5 , 2 0 1 2

Hydroseeding Mix and Method Of Application

HYDROSEEDING MIX & METHOD OF APPLICATION 

(CAPACITY OF HYDROSEEDER – 1, 000 liters) 

HYDROSEEDING MIX 

1. Pump water into hydroseeder to ¾ level.

2. Free gear and start engine.
3. Put in mulch (if paper mulch is used – 15 to 20 kg dry weight is
recommended)
4. Next add in 30 kg Soil Tackifier (R1187)
5. Put in 8 to 10 kg grass seeds. You may add millet if you wish for fast
establishment of greens/ vegitation.
6. Add one bag (40-50 kg) of Bio-Super 1 fertilizer with the mixture.
7. Finally top up with water.

METHOD OF APPLICATION 
Before engaging the gear, the person who will do the spraying must
hold tight the nozzle and have firm footing on stable ground as he
will expect a strong back-kick the moment the slurry shoots out of
the nozzle.
Do not shoot the slurry directly to the soil surface. Instead, it
should be done in the form of raindrops in a uniform pattern.
Ensure even coverage of slurry on soil surface. One machine load
with proper application can cover approximately 600 to 700 m2.
Watering (also in the form of raindrops) on the hydroseeded area
can start immediately the next day and must be continued daily in
the initial stage to ensure speedy germination and growth. Light
watering will not help much due to our hot climatic condition.
Therefore, sufficient and proper watering must be done ensuring
water seep into the soil yet avoiding overflow of water on the soil
surface.

NOTE: Hydroseeding shall never be applied during, before or immediately

following rainfall. Avoid application in high winds. Machines and tools should
be flushed and clean with water immediately after use. All moving parts
should be oiled and greased regularly.