Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department Mechanical and Programme B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering

Manufacturing Engineering
Semester/Batch 6/2015
Course Code MEC310A Course Title Applied Thermodynamics-2
Course Leader Dr. M. Arulanantham, Dr. B. S. Dayananda

Assignment -02
Name of Student Register No

First Examiner
Sections

Max Marks

Examiner
Marking Scheme

Second
Marks

Marks
Introduction to back-pressure type and extraction–
A1.1 3
condensing type steam turbine
Comparison of back-pressure type and extraction–
A1.2 condensing type steam turbine for Sugar mill 3
Part-A

cogeneration
A1.3 Justification of your stance with a case study 3
A1.4 Conclusions 1
Part-A Max Marks 10
Stagnation conditions between each stage
B1.1 5
Part B 1

B1.2 Total-to-total efficiency of each stage 3

B1.3 Reheat factor 2

Part-B 1 Max Marks 10
B2.1 Power plant selected for the study 1
Steam condenser type, specification, working
B2.2 parameters with relevant figures 4
Part B 2

Recent developments in steam condensers and

B2.3 suitable alternative for the selected one 4

Conclusion
B2.4 1

Part-B 2 Max Marks 10

Values of a, b and c
B3.1 2
Part B 3

Minimum pressure at inlet

B3.2 2
 Mass flow rate through the nozzle, exit and inlet
B3.3 velocities and densities, and exit temperature 6

Part-B 3 Max Marks 10

B4.1 Refrigerating effect, compressor work and COP 3
Refrigerating effect, compressor work and COP
B4.2 3
with evaporator at –25oC
Part B 4

Power requirement
B4.3 2
Mass flow rate
B4.4 2

Part-B 4 Max Marks 10

Total Assignment Marks 50

Course Marks Tabulation

Component- CET B First Second
Remarks Remarks
Assignment Examiner Examiner
A

B.1

B.2

B.3

B.4

Marks (Max 50 )

Marks (out of 25 )

Signature of First Examiner Signature of Moderator

Please note:
1. Documental evidence for all the components/parts of the assessment such as the reports,
photographs, laboratory exam / tool tests are required to be attached to the assignment report
in a proper order.
2. The First Examiner is required to mark the comments in RED ink and the Second Examiner’s
comments should be in GREEN ink.
3. The marks for all the questions of the assignment have to be written only in the Component –
CET B: Assignment table.
4. If the variation between the marks awarded by the first examiner and the second examiner lies
within +/- 3 marks, then the marks allotted by the first examiner is considered to be final. If the
variation is more than +/- 3 marks then both the examiners should resolve the issue in
consultation with the Chairman BoE.

Assignment – 02
Term 2
Instructions to students:

1. The assignment consists of 5 questions: Part A – 1 Question, Part B- 4 Questions.

2. Maximum marks is 50.
3. The assignment has to be neatly word processed as per the prescribed format.
4. The maximum number of pages should be restricted to20.
5. Restrict your report for Part-A to 3 pages only.
6. Restrict your report for Part-B to a maximum of 17 pages.
7. The printed assignment must be submitted to the subject leader.
8. Submission Date: 23.04.2018
9. Submission after the due date is not permitted.
10. IMPORTANT: It is essential that all the sources used in preparation of the assignment must be
suitably referenced in the text.
11. Marks will be awarded only to the sections and subsections clearly indicated as per the
problem statement/exercise/question

Preamble
The Applied Thermodynamics – 2 Course deals with vapour power cycles, steam boilers, nozzles,
turbines, condensers, refrigeration and air-condition systems. Students are taught the working
principles, thermodynamic cycles, and properties of working fluids, functional requirements of
various elements in vapour power cycle and refrigeration cycles, detailed thermal analysis of
boilers, nozzles, turbines and condensers. Students are taught to perform numerical calculations
to obtain engineering parameters and the overall performance of vapour power cycles,
refrigeration and air-conditioning.
PART A (10 Marks)
Steam turbines work on the principle of the Rankine cycle. A multistage turbine allows the
high pressure steam to expand, which lowers its pressure. The steam is then transported to a
condenser, which is like a vacuum chamber and thus has negative pressure and converts, or
condenses, the steam into water. In Cogeneration system, the steam is transported to a
distribution system that delivers steam at intermediate pressures and temperatures for
various process industries. The condensate from the condenser or from the steam utilization
system returns to the feed water pump, and the cycle continues. These systems are suitable
for capacities of 500 kW to 100 MW or even higher. Sugar mill is one such process industry
that requires high amount of electrical power as well as process steam.
Most common steam turbines used in a cogeneration system are the back-pressure
type or the extraction–condensing type. The choice between the two types depends on
various factors such as electricity and heat required, steam pressure and temperature, and
the economics of operation.
In this context a debate statement is made:
“Back-pressure type steam turbines are most preferred over extraction–condensing type
for Sugar Mill cogeneration”
Your report should address the following:
A1.1. Introduction to back-pressure type and extraction–condensing type steam turbine
A1.2. Comparison of back-pressure type and extraction–condensing type steam turbine for
Sugar mill cogeneration
A1.3. Justification of your stance with a case study
A1.4. Conclusions

PART B (40 Marks)

B.1 (10 Marks)
Thermal power generation works based on Rankine Cycle with water as the working fluid. In
one such power plant the steam enters the turbine at a stagnation pressure of P1 MPa and
stagnation temperature of T1°C. The steam expansion takes in the turbine by N stage pressure
compounding. The steam leaves the last stage at a condenser pressure of P 2 kPa.
Assuming the stagnation state point locus is a straight line joining the initial and final states,
determine the following using Mollier chart for steam:
B1.1. Stagnation conditions between each stage assuming that each stage does the same
amount of work
B1.2. Total-to-total efficiency of each stage
B1.3. Reheat factor based upon stagnation conditions
Note: Contact the course leader for N, P1, P2, and T1
B.2 (10 Marks)
Electric power generation requires reliable access to large volumes of water. Although water
needs are plant specific, in most pulverized coal-fired power plants, over 90% of water
demand is drawn for cooling. By Visit or through literature, select any thermal /Cogeneration
power plant, collect all the details regarding the Steam condenser like type, specification,
actual working parameters etc. Prepare a report addressing the following:
B2.1. Power plant selected for the study
B2.2. Steam condenser type, specification, working parameters with relevant figures
B2.3. Recent developments in steam condensers and suitable alternative for the existing
one
B2.4. Conclusion

B3 (10 Marks)
A convergent nozzle of “L” mm length is designed with an inlet radius of “D1” mm and an
outlet radius of “D2” mm. The radius is given by, R= a+bx+cx2, where both R and x are in mm.
The nozzle is to be operated with its exit at ambient pressure of 1 bar.
B3.1. Determine the constants a, b and c in the above profile if the exit area is minimum.
B3.2. Compute the minimum pressure at inlet for which the nozzle is choked.
B3.3. Determine the mass flow rate through the nozzle, exit and inlet velocities and
densities, exit temperature if the inlet temperature is ambient.
Note: Consult the course leader for L, D1 and D2.

B4 (10 Marks)
A student of applied thermodynamics designs a domestic refrigerator with no freezer, using
R-134a as refrigerant. As a preliminary step, the performance of the refrigerator is computed
assuming an ideal vapour compression refrigeration cycle. The condenser pressure is chosen
to be saturation pressure at Tc°C, while the evaporator is designed to operate at Te°C.
B4.1 Compute the refrigerating effect, compressor work and COP for this cycle.
B4.2 Compute the same quantities for a conventional refrigerator using the same
refrigerant, with its evaporator at –25oC, at the same condenser pressure.
The heat leakage into the conventional refrigerator is Q W and that in a freezer less
refrigerator would be 10% lower, since very low temperatures are absent inside the cabinet.
Assume continuous operation and 100% efficiency of compressor.
B4.3 Compute, compare and comment on the power-input requirements for the two
designs.
B4.4 Compute the mass flow rate of R-134a required in the two designs.
Note: Consult the course leader for Tc, Te and Q.
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