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HIGHER TECHNOLOGICAL Fluid Mechanics (CIV 121)

INSTITUTE 2nd Term
Department of Civil Engineering
2017 - 2018

ASSIGNMENT No. 5
Fundamentals of Fluid Flow

1. Define the following expressions:

a) Uniform flow & Non-uniform flow b) Steady flow & Unsteady flow
c) Laminar flow & Turbulent flow g) Ideal and Real fluids
2. For a liquid in motion, explain what is meant by the following terms (using sketches):
a) Potential head b) Pressure head c) Velocity head & d) Total head
3. Oil flows through a pipeline which contracts from 45 cm diameter at A to 30 cm diameter at B and
then forks; one branch being 15 cm diameter discharging at C and the other branch is 22.5 cm diameter
discharging at D. If the velocities at A and D are 1.8 m/s and 3.6 m/s respectively. What would be the
discharges and velocities at B and C?
4. Inclined pipe carrying water gradually changes from 15 cm at A to 40 cm at B, which is 4.5 m
vertically above A. If the pressure at A and B are respectively 0.70 kg/cm2 and 0.5 kg/cm2 and the
discharge is 150 liters/sec. Determine a) the direction of flow b) the head loss between
the sections.
5. Draw the T.E.L. and the H.G.L. for
the shown pipe with variable cross section

6. Water flows without viscous effects from the nozzle

shown in figure. Determine the flow rate and the height (h)
to which the water can flow.

7. A cylindrical tank contains air, oil, and water as shown in

the figure. A pressure of 5 lb/in2 (gauge) is maintained on
the oil surface. What is the velocity of the water leaving
the 1.0 inch diameter pipe? (Neglect the kinetic energy of
the fluids in the tank).

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8. The losses in the shown figure equals 3(V2/2g) ft, when
H is 22 ft. What is the discharge passing in the pipe?
Draw the T.E.L. and the H.G.L.

9. Determine the discharge and the pressure at A, giving that H = 8.0 m, in the following two cases:
a) For Ideal fluid flow
b) If the losses in the main pipe is 4(V2/2g) and in the nozzle is 0.05(V2/2g)
Draw the T.E.L. and the H.G.L. in the two cases.

10. Determine the manometer reading (h) in ft. in the

following figure, if the velocity V1=2.4 ft/s and
losses are neglected.

Bernoulli's Applications
A. Pitot Tube & Circular Orifice & Venturi-Meter

11. If the pressure in the shown pipe is 30 kpa, and the flow rate is 50 liter/sec. To what height will
water rise in tubes A and B ? Explain the theory of the Pitot tube.
12. Oil of specific gravity 0.83 flows in the shown pipe. If the viscous effects are negligible, what is the
flowrate (Q)?

Problem (11) Problem (12)

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13. Water issues from a circular sharp edged orifice 10.0 cm diameter under a head of 12.0 m. If a
volume of 13.6 m3 is collected in 3.0 minutes, what is the coefficient of discharge Cd? If the diameter
of the jet at the vena-contracta is 8.0 cm, what is the value of Cv and Cc ?
14. A tank has two identical orifices in one of its vertical
side. The upper orifice is 2 m below the water surface
and the lower one is 4 m below the water surface. Find
the location of the point at which the two jets intersect, if
the coefficient of velocity is 0.9 for both orifices.

15. Calculate the flow rate of gasoline (S.G = 0.85)

through the pipeline shown in the figure below, using
first the gauge reading and then the manometer reading.

16. A venturimeter of throat diameter 4 cm is fitted into a pipeline of 10 cm diameter. The coefficient of
discharge is 0.96. Calculate the flow through the meter when the reading on the mercury-water
manometer connected across the upstream and throat is 25 cm.

B. Cavitation & Siphons

17. Determine the flow rate through the shown Venturi-meter, if ideal conditions exist. For what flow
rate through the Venturi-meter, will Cavitation begin if p1 = 275 KPa gage, atmospheric pressure is
101 KPa (abs), and the vapor pressure is 5.2 KPa (abs). Sketch the T.E.L & H.G.L for both cases.
18. Water is siphoned from the shown tank in figure. The water barometer indicates a local atmospheric
pressure of 30.20 ft. Determine the maximum value of ‘h’ allowed without cavitation occurring.
Hint: the pressure of the vapor in the closed end of the barometer equals the vapor pressure.

Problem (17)

Problem (18)

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 C. Pumps &Turbines
19. A pipeline with a pump leads to a nozzle as shown in the figure. Find the flow rate when the pump
develops a head of 24 m and find the pressure head at the suction side of the pump. Sketch T.E.L and
H.G.L.
20. Water is flowing at a rate of 1.0 cfs. Calculate the pump horsepower and draw the T.E.L and H.G.L.

Problem (20)

Problem (19)

21. Calculate the power output of the shown turbine. Sketch the T.E.L and H.G.L