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Introduction
This document provides measurement hints of the Base Station Analyzer GC7105A for GSM code domain analysis
and helps improve the measurement accuracy using the instrument’s Tx Analyzer feature for modulated signal
analysis. You may increase the accuracy of your data by using more than one of the hints in your test setup and
measurements.
Background
The GC7105A is a Base Station Analyzer for installation and maintenance of modern wireless communication sys-
tems. It combines the functionality of spectrum analysis, cable and antenna analysis, power meter, and modulation
analysis, including:
• cdmaOne/cdma2000
• EVDO
• GSM/GPRS/EDGE
• WCDMA/HSDPA
• TD-SCDMA
The modulation measurement suite of the Base Station Analyzer provides not only RF parametric analysis but also
modulation parametric analysis of modern wireless communication systems. Built-in wireless standard test proce-
dures allow users to test each of the following items with a single button action.
cdmaOne/cdma2000 Analyzer:
• CDMA Channel Power / Multi-channel Power
• CDMA Adjacent Channel Power
• CDMA Spectrum Emission Mask
• CDMA Code Domain Power
• Frequency Error Time Offset
• Waveform Quality
• PN Search
EVDO Analyzer:
• EVDO Channel Power / Multi-channel Power
• EVDO Adjacent Channel Power
• EVDO Spectrum Emission Mask
• EVDO Code Domain Power
• Frequency Error Time Offset
• Waveform Quality
• PN Search
WCDMA/HSDPA Analyzer:
• WCDMA Channel Power
• Multi-channel Power
• Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ration (ACLR)
• WCDMA Spurious Emission Mask
• WCDMA Occupied Bandwidth
• WCDMA Code Domain Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
• Peak Coded Domain Error (PCDE)
• Auto Scramble Search
WEBSITE: www.jdsu.com/test
Application Note: GC7105A GSM/EDGE Measurement Hints 2
GSM/GPRS/EDGE Analyzer:
• GSM Channel Power
• Occupied Bandwidth
• Power vs. Time (Slot and Frame)
• Spectrum Emissions
• Burst Power
• RMS Phase Error
• Peak Phase Error
• Frequency Error
• TSC Code
• IQ Origin Offset
TD-SCDMA Analyzer:
• TD-SCDMA Channel Power
• Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ration (ACLR)
• Spurious Emission Mask
• Occupied Bandwidth
• Code Domain Error
• Power vs. Time (Frame, Slot and Mask)
• Timing Offset
• Frequency Error
• IQ Origin Offset
This document focused on the measurements and the conformance with the GSM standard 3GPP TS 45.002 and
TS 45.005.
Application Note: GC7105A GSM/EDGE Measurement Hints 3
GSM Measurements
Transmitter Test
In transmitter test, there are three different measurements, In-channel, Out-of-channel and Out-of-band.
Out-of-channel measurement determines how much interference the user causes other GSM users:
• RF Spectrum
• Spurious signal (Spurious Emission Mask)
In this document, we will focus on the In-channel and Out-of-channel measurements.
Note that access to the even-second clock and frequency reference (base station time-base) is always required for
the best measurement result, especially for frequency error and time offset measurement.
This diagram illustrates 4 Traffic Channels. Each one of the Traffic Channel uses a particular ARFCN and time
slot. Two of the Traffic Channels are on the same ARFCN, using different time slots, the other two are on different
ARFCN. The combination of a time slots number and ARFCN is called a physical channel.
Framing Structure
The framing structure for GSM measurements is based on a hierarchical system consisting of time slots, TDMA
frames, multi-frames, super-frames, and hyper-frames. One time slot consists of 156.25 (157) symbol periods
including tail, training sequence, encryption, guard time, and data bits.
Eight of these time slots make up one TDMA frame.
GSM Bursts
Since GSM is a TDMA format, RF power is being switched on and off depending on whether the actual burst is
being transmitted (Normal Burst-Time slot, Frequency Correction Burst, and Synchronization Burst).
The Frequency Correction Burst (FCCH) is a very specially designed burst. Again it is a message in a single time
slot. What the message is, the ticking of a clock, a constant frequency sine wave which the mobile can synchronize
its internal clock.
The Synchronization Burst (SCH) is a complete message in itself and does not need multiple messages to be sorted,
in order to be used. It appears at regular intervals and from its position, much of the order of the frame can be
deduced. Once the position of the burst is known, the mobile knows that it will see a Frequency Correction Burst
(FCCH) in the next frame.
Application Note: GC7105A GSM/EDGE Measurement Hints 5
Power switching causes spectral splatter at frequencies other than that being transmitted by the carrier. Fast transi-
tions in the time domain causes switching transients that have high frequency content associated with them.
A burst is a period of RF carrier which is modulated by a data stream. A burst therefore represents the physical
content of a time slot. Different types of burst exist in the GSM system. One characteristic of a burst is its useful
duration. The useful part of a burst is defined as beginning from half way through symbol number 0. The definition
of the useful part of a burst needs to be considered in conjunction with the requirements placed on the phase and
amplitude characteristics of a burst as specified in 3GPP specification.
Channel Power
The Channel Power measures in-channel power of GSM and EDGE systems. GSM and EDGE systems use dynamic
power control to ensure that each link is maintained with minimum power. This gives two fundamental benefits:
overall system interference is kept to a minimum and, in the case of mobile stations, battery life is maximized.
The Channel Power measurement determines the average power of an RF signal burst at or above a specified
threshold value. The threshold value may be absolute, or relative to the peak value of the signal.
The purpose of the Channel Power measurement is to determine the power delivered to the antenna system on the
RF channel under test. The instrument acquires a GSM or EDGE signal in the time domain. The average power
level above the threshold is then computed and displayed.
• Channel power measures the average power in a GSM/EDGE frame in the frequency specified.
• Out of specification power indicates system faults.
• Channel power is expressed in dBm and Power spectral density in dBm/Hz.
Application Note: GC7105A GSM/EDGE Measurement Hints 7
Occupied Bandwidth
The occupied bandwidth is calculated as the bandwidth containing 99% of the transmitted power .
If the burst does not occur at the right time, or if the burst is irregular, then other adjacent time slots can experience
interference. Because of this, the industry standards specify a tight mask for the TDMA burst.
For GSM 400, GSM 850, GSM 700 and GSM 900 MS -59 dBc or 54 dBm, whichever is the greater for GSM
400, GSM 900, GSM 850 and GSM 700, except for
the time slot preceding the active slot, for which the
allowed level is 59 dBc or 36 dBm whichever is the
greater;
-48 dBc or 48 dBm, whichever is the greater for DCS
1 800 and PCS 1 900
For DCS 1 800 and PCS 1900 MS -48 dBc or -48 dBm, whichever is the higher.
For all BTS no requirement below -30 dBc.
For GSM 400, GSM 900, GSM 700 and GSM 850 MS -4 dBc for power control level 16
-2 dBc for power level 17
-1 dBc for power level controls levels 18 and 19
For DCS 1 800 MS -4dBc for power control level 11
-2dBc for power level 12
-1dBc for power control levels 13,14 and 15
For GSM 400, GSM 900, GSM 700 and GSM 850 MS -30 dBc or -17 dBm, whichever is the higher
For DCS 1 800 MS -30dBc or -20dBm, whichever is the higher
Application Note: GC7105A GSM/EDGE Measurement Hints 9