ASSIGNMENT NO- 1

SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION

M.Phil – Education

The role of Co-curricular activities in Socialization

Prepared
By
SOHAIL AHMED

Course In charge
DR.M.FAKHRUL HODA SIDDIQI

HAMDARD UUIVERSITY
Hamdarad Institute of Education and Social Sciences
Madinat al-Hikmat, Shahrah-e-Madinat al- Hikmat
Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi-74600
 Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Definition of Socialization 2

3. Elements of Socialization 3

4. Agencies for Socialization 4

5. Definition of Education 5

6. Definition of Co curricular Activities 5

7. Types of Co curricular Activities 5

8. Co curricular Activities specially

related to socialization 7

9. Summary 8

10. Bibliography 10
INTRODUCTION

H
uman Society is not an external
phenomenon, but exist solely in the
minds of its members. The human infant
comes into the world as biological organism with animal
needs. He is gradually moulded into social being. He learns
social ways of action and felling. Without this process of
moulding, the society could not continue to exist it self nor
could culture exist, nor could the individual become a person.
This process of moulding is called socialization. Family,
Educational Institutions, peer group and mass media are the
main agent of socialization. Present modern and complex
society the role of Educational Institutions is very pivotal in
the process of socialization. There are two kinds of activities
curricular and co curricular take place in educational
institutions, no doubt both are helping the individual in
socialization but the co-curricular activities has significant
social appeal in his nature. And this assignment strictly
concern with this activity
 Socialization is a process whereby a man is transformed from
a biological being into a social being. It has been defined variously.

Bogardus defines socialization as, “The process of working together, of

developing group responsibility, of being guided by the welfare needs of
others.”

Gillin and Gillin says, “ By the term ‘socialization’ we mean the

process by which individual develops into a functioning member of the group
according to its standards, conforming to its modes, observing its traditions,
and adjusting himself to the social situations.”

According to C.V. Good Dictionary of Education:

“Socialization is the process of bringing the individual, particularly the
child, to understand and accept the customs, standards, traditions, and culture
of the group of which he is a member and to cooperate actively with that
group.”

While as per International Dictionary of Education:

“Process of learning roles and excepted behaviour in relation to one’s
family and society and developing satisfactory relationship with other people”

Through the process of socialization the individual becomes asocial

person and attain personality. Every man tries to adjust himself to the society
of which he is a member. This process of adjustment may be termed
Socialization. Man be comes what he is by socialization. Socialization is a
matter of learning not of biological inheritance.

All that the individual must learn, he learns from other members of the
society, consciously, from being told what to do by his parents, brothers and
sisters or friends or from a teacher-pupil relationship in social or un-
consciously by picking up incidental information on what responses are
excepted in certain situations while observing other people, reading books,
watching television programmes, or hearing pupil discuss the behaviour of
others.
 In all these situations the learning is social. The whole process of
socialization falls within the scope of interaction.

There are three elements which play their part in socialization process of
the individual. They are;

1. The physical and psychological heritage of the individual;

2. The environment in which he lives; and
3. The culture of his group. ( 1 )

A person is the product of the action and inter-action between these

elements. The process of action and interaction is a complicated one and
determines materially the make up of the individual and his status in society.

A child is born with some inborn physical and mental capacities in the
environment of his family. According to his capacities he imbibes the culture
of the family. If his mental and physical capacities are not good, he may not be
able to make proper use of his environment. Conversely, if the environment is
not proper, he with even the best mental and physical equipment may not be
able to be at his best. Environment stimuli often determine the growth of
human personality. A good school, social equality, political freedom, in short,
a proper environment may greatly determine whether the social or the self-
centred forces will become supreme. Just as a flower fails to show its
sweetness in a desert, and is born to blush unseen, similarly, many a man falls
to display his genius because there is no proper environment for it. But proper
environment alone will not develop personality unless the man is possessed
with proper mental and physical capacities.

The environment is conditioned by the group for there is a culture

peculiar to each group. Man lives in a group and while living so, he has to
conform to the traditions, beliefs and ideals of the group. Social nature is very
much developed in and through group life. The group influences also
determine the growth of human personality. It is therefore, trough the inter
action of the above three factors that a human being become a social being.

The process of socialization enables an individual come out of isolation and

join group life. With out socialization and group life, it would have been.
 1. Some sociologist has mentioned the fourth element ‘the experience of the individual’ in
describing the process of socialization. (Sachdeva & Gupta “A Simple Study of Sociology”
-p 45.)
2. Socialization differs from sociality & socialism. Sociality is a quality; the capacity to mix
with other while socialization is a process and socialism is a theory.(Dr.G.Das - p.58)
impossible for him to live and exist in society. Socialization process is thus
essential both for the individual as well as society. Without that both of them
can not independently or separately exist. Therefore, smooth and convenient
process of socialization is good for society.

AGENCIES FOR SOCIALIZATION (1)

• Family
• Peer groups & Playmates
• Neighbors
• Mosque /Church (Religious Inst.)
• Edu. Inst., classmate, teacher
• Mass media
• Colligues

It may also be emphasized that the family plays perhaps the most important
part in the process of socialization. Throughout life individual remains under
direct and indirect influence of family. It is family which controls and directs
him. First lesson of his life, he gets in his family. The child learns much from
the behaviour of his family members. Family decides his status and gives him
norms of social life. After family his playmates and school wield influence on
his socialization. In the school he is influenced by the personality of his
teacher and friends. After his education is over, he gets married and enters into
a profession. Marriage initiates a person into social responsibility, which is one
of the aims of socialization. No doubt, in resent complex society in the process
of socialization role of family is still greatest (2). After family school is
another important agency of socialization. In the school child gets his
education which mould his ideas and attitudes. Through curricular and co
curricular activities an individual learn several social lesson. A good education
can make the child a good citizen. In this global world the Mass media is also
a very powerful agent of socialization. Both Print & Electronic media
influence the child personality. An individual learn several valuable social
lesson and get social awareness through this medium.

Agencies for socialization:

Dr.G.Das expressed (Family, school, playmates, friend ,church, state)…p-62 are the agencies of
socialization- while Musgrave mentioned (Family, School, peer group, Mass media) .…p-27 and
A/c to Fahmeeda Masood (Family, peer group, neighbors, Educational Inst, Mass media &
colligues)…are the agencies of socialization..
Education
With sociological perspective education is define as the “process by
which a society transmits knowledge, values, Norms and ideologies, and in so
doing prepares young people for adult roles and adults for new roles.”
Education is a social process and it’s also a form of socialization that is
carried out by Formal (school, college, university) and Informal (society)
Institutions.
Institution/Agencies for education and socialization are same. The
process of socialization in Formal Institutions of Education carried out through
curricular & co-curricular activities.

Co Curricular Activities
The term Co-curricular activities is define as, “Activities sponsored or
recognized by a school or college which are not part of the academic
curriculum but are acknowledge to be an essential part of the life of an
educational institution.” (International Dictionary of Education)

Types of Co curricular active

• Physical (sports, play ground aactivity)
• Literary (discussion, debate, quiz, poetry, magazine)
• Social (school assembly, Religious or national festival, scouting, girl
guide)
• Recreational ( Picnic, All Pakistan Tour, music concert)

Most of the activities are social in nature and have social implication. These
activities are useful to promoting school-community relations and in the
process of socialization. S.Mohi-ud-din states that these activities have a social
appeal, “By the reason of the social appeal of extra-curricular activities, their
intrinsic interest, they are a significant social medium for the civic training of
the young.”

As we know these activities are as old as education itself. In the

past these activities were extra-curricular and organized after school hours, but
changes in the philosophical and psychological ideas have now given a new
direction to the school curriculum and these are integral part of the school life.
Education is not merely concerned with the mastery of 3R’s. It is concerned
with the integrated development of the personality of an individual; his
physical, cultural, aesthetic, social, moral, mental, and emotional aspect. Co
curricular activities are very helpful in this regard.

‘Learning by Doing’, ‘Learning by Living’, ‘Learning without Tears’

are the main characteristic of new education. Education is in terms of 7 R’s
i.e., Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Rights, Responsibilities, Recreation, and
Relationship.
The School is not merely a place of formal learning whose main concern
is to communicate a certain prescribed quantum of knowledge but rather as a
living and organic community which is primarily interested in training its
pupils in what we have called the gracious art of living. Knowledge and
learning are undoubtedly of value but they must be acquired as a by product of
interested activity because it is only then that they can become a vital part of
the student’s mind and personality and influence his behaviour. But the Art of
living is much more comprehensive concept than the acquisition of
knowledge, however intelligently planned. It includes training in the habit and
graces of social life and the capacity for cooperative group work. It calls for
patience, good temper, sincerity, fellow-feeling and discipline. These
objectives can only be cultivated in the context of the social life and many co-
curricular activities are very helpful in this regard.

Some co curricular activities specially related to socialization;

School assembly, National festivals(Independence day, Pakistan day, Defense

day, Iqbal day…) Calibration of Religious Festivals (Eid Milan , Miladun
Nabi) Intenational festival/Days (labour day, Mother’s day, Father’s day,
Teacher’s day, Earth day) student week, Student council, CR`s oath taking
ceremony, Prize distribution ceremony, Scouting, Girl guide, Convocation,
Study tour , Picnic etc…………..
Co curricular activity like school assembly, religious events developed
moral and spiritual values and through the participation of different national
festivals, days, events pupil understand their culture, social values and norms
of society. By the active participation and organizing of these activities they
learn several social lesson and values like co-operation, mutual help, fellow-
feeling, tolerance, and sharing responsibility.

Thus co curricular activities are very useful in giving training in the art
of living. As we see, many of them are social in nature. By participation in co-
curricular activities pupils learn valuable lesson in practical co-operation and
the habits of team work; they realize the relation of the society to individual
and of the individual to the society. These understanding help the student in
social adjustment and practical life.
The role of Co-curricular activities in the process of Socialization
Summary: (Points at a glance)
Socialization is a process whereby a man is transformed from a biological being into a
social being.
“Socialization is the process of bringing the individual, particularly the child, to
understand and accept the customs, standards, traditions, and culture of the group of which
he is a member and to cooperate actively with that group.” ( C.V. Good Dictionary
of Education)
There are three elements which play their part in socialization process of the
individual. They are; the physical and psychological heritage of the individual, the
environment in which he lives, and the culture of his group.Some sociologist has include
the experience of individual as an element.
Family, Peer groups & Playmates, Neighbors, Religious Inst (Mosque /Church),
Edu. Inst., classmate, teacher, Mass media and Colligues are the agencies of socialization.
In the past and still in most simple society, the family is the main agent of socialization. In
present complex society school along family play a pivotal role in this regard.
The process of socialization in Formal Institutions of Education (school, college,
university) carried out through curricular & co-curricular activities. Due to practical nature
co-curricular activities has significant social appeal.
Types of Co curricular active
• Physical (sports, play ground activity)
• Literary (discussion, debate, quiz, poetry, magazine)
• Social (school assembly, Religious or national festival, scouting, girl guide)
• Recreational ( Picnic, All Pakistan Tour, music concert)
Most of the activities are social in nature and have social implication.

Some co curricular activities specially related to socialization

School assembly, National festivals(Independence day, Pakistan day, Defense day, Iqbal
day…) Calibration of Religious Festivals (Eid Milan , Miladun Nabi) International
festival/Days (labour day, Mother’s day, Father’s day, Teacher’s day, Earth day) student
week, Student council, CR`s oath taking ceremony, Prize distribution ceremony, Scouting,
Girl guide, Convocation, Study tour , Picnic etc…………..
Co curricular activity like school assembly, religious events developed moral and
spiritual values and through the participation of different national festivals, days, events
pupil understand their culture, social values and norms of society. By the active
participation and organizing of these activities they learn several social lesson and values
like co-operation, mutual help, fellow-feeling, tolerance, and sharing responsibility.

Thus co curricular activities are very useful in giving training in the art of living. As
we see, many of them are social in nature. By participation in co-curricular activities pupils
learn valuable lesson in practical co-operation and the habits of team work; they realize the
relation of the society to individual and of the individual to the society. These understanding
help the student in social adjustment and practical life.
 ( Sohail Ahmed –M.Phil .Edu )

BIBLOGRAPHY
P.W. Musgrave
The Sociology of Education- Butler & Tanner ltd., London.

Brain J Ashley & Harry S Cohen

An Introduction to the Sociology of Education- Macmillan Education
ltd.
Sachdeva & Gupta
A Simple Study of Sociology- Students Welfare Academy, Delhi

Arshad Rizvi
Sociology- Kifaiat Academy, Karachi

Mrs. Fahmida Masood

Sociology- Ilmi Kitab Ghar, Karachi

Dr.G.Das
Principles of Sociology,Manu Publications

J.C. Aggarwal
School Organization Administration & Management – Doaba
House,Delhi

S.M Shahid
Educational Administration – Majeed Book Depot, Lahore

S.K Kochhar
Secondary School Administration-Sterling Publisher,Delhi

Dr.M. Rasheed
School Organization & Management-AIOU,Islamabad

&
“International Dictionary of Education
 BIBLOGRAPHY
P.W. Musgrave
The Sociology of Education- Butler & Tanner ltd., London.

Brain J Ashley & Harry S Cohen

An Introduction to the Sociology of Education- Macmillan Education
ltd.

Sachdeva & Gupta

A Simple Study of Sociology- Students Welfare Academy, Delhi

Arshad Rizvi
Sociology- Kifaiat Academy, Karachi

Mrs. Fahmida Masood

Sociology- Ilmi Kitab Ghar, Karachi

Dr.G.Das
Principles of Sociology-Manu Publications,

J.C. Aggarwal
School Organization Administration & Management – Doaba
House,Delhi

S.M Shahid
Educational Administration – Majeed Book Depot, Lahore

S.K Kochhar
Secondary School Administration-Sterling Publisher,Delhi

Dr.M. Rasheed
School Organization & Management-AIOU,Islamabad
&
“Dictionary of Education- C. V Good
International Dictionary of Education-Tery Page.