Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Albania
Arabic countries (Region) 80 68 38 53
Argentina 49 86 46 56
Australia total (a) 36 51 90 61 31
Australia
Austrialia Aborigines (e) 80 128 89 22 -10
(for LTO: EMS
Austria consumer survey) 11 70 55 79 31
Bangladesh (estimated) 80 60 20 55 40
Germany
Great Britain 35 35 89 66 25
Greece 60 112 35 57
Guatemala 95 101 6 37
Hong Kong 68 29 25 57 96
Hungary (estimated) 46 82 80 88 50
India 77 40 48 56 61
Indonesia 78 48 14 46
(for LTO: EMS
Ireland consumer survey) 28 35 70 68 43
Iran 58 59 41 43
Israel 13 81 54 47
(for LTO: EMS
Italy consumer survey) 50 75 76 70 34
Jamaica 45 13 39 68
Japan 54 92 46 95 80
Kazakhstan
Korea (South) 60 85 18 39 75
Kuwait
Luxemburg (estimated) 40 70 60 50
Malaysia 104 36 26 50
Malta (estimated) 56 96 59 47
Mexico 81 82 30 69
Morocco (estimated) 70 68 46 53
Namibia
Netherlands 38 53 80 14 44
New Zealand 22 49 79 58 30
Nigeria
(for LTO: EMS
Norway consumer survey) 31 50 69 8 44
Pakistan 55 70 14 50 0
Panama 95 86 11 44
Peru 64 87 16 42
Philippines 94 44 32 64 19
Poland (estimated) 68 93 60 64 32
(for LTO: EMS
Portugal consumer survey) 63 104 27 31 30
Qatar
Romania (estimated) 90 90 30 42
Russia (estimated) 93 95 39 36
Singapore 74 8 20 48 48
Slovenia
South Africa 49 49 65 63
South Africa
South Africa
Salvador 66 94 19 40
Slovakia (estimated) 104 51 52 110 38
(for LTO: EMS
Spain consumer survey) 57 86 51 42 19
Surinam (estimated) 85 92 47 37
Sweden 31 29 71 5 33
total (for LTO: EMS
Switzerland consumer survey)(a) 34 58 68 70 40
German speakers
Switzerland (a,b) 26 56 69 72
For further details and interpretation of these two seminal studies as well as a review of other cross-cultural research, please refer to these two very comprehen
Hofstede, G. (2001) Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, London: Sage
House, R.J.; Hanges, P.J.' Javidan, M.; Dorfman, P.W.; Gupta, V. (2004) Culture, Leadership, and Organiza-tions, The Globe Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks: Sage
References
Hofstede, G. (1993) Images of Europe (Valedictory address) Maastricht, the Netherlands: Maastricht University, Faculty of Economics and Business
Kopper (1993) Swiss and Germans: Similarities and differences in work-related values, attitudes, and behavior, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, vol. 17, pp. 1
McCarrey, M.W.; Edwards, S.; Jones, R. (1978) Personal values of Canadian Anglophone and Francophone employees and ethnolinguistic group membership, sex, and po
Jain, H.C.; Normand, J.; Kanungo, R.N. (1979) Job motivation of Canadian Anglophone and Francophone hospital employees, Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, vol
Lambert, W.E.; Klineberg, O. (1967) Children's views of foreign peoples: A cross-national study, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Scores for the GLOBE Study**(House et. al., 2004)
Institutional In-Group Future Gender Humane
Assertiveness*
Collectivism* Collectivism* Orientation* Egalitarianism* Orientation*
Additional notes
Practices Values Practices Values Practices Values Practices Values Practices Values Practices
GLOBE
4.57 4.39 4.28 4.3 5.51 4.98 3.69 5.17 3.48 4.04 4.4
4.18 3.18 3.66 5.29 5.51 6.07 3.1 5.73 3.44 4.89 3.94
4.29 3.83 4.31 4.47 4.14 5.82 4.09 5.21 3.41 5.02 4.32
4.59 2.85 4.34 4.78 4.89 5.32 4.47 5.15 3.18 4.83 3.77
3.78 3.68 3.96 5.03 5.44 5.91 3.55 5.56 3.45 4.65 3.99
4.25 3.06 3.94 5.57 5.16 5.17 3.9 5.6 3.44 4.91 3.76
English speakers 4.09 4.15 4.36 4.2 4.22 5.94 4.4 5.34 3.66 5.04 4.51
3.77 5.52 4.67 4.52 5.86 5.12 3.68 4.7 3.03 3.73 4.29
4.16 3.45 3.84 5.27 5.59 5.99 3.35 5.52 3.64 4.85 3.72
3.83 4.04 3.95 5.14 5.26 5.94 3.64 5.1 3.56 4.59 4.38
4.04 3.59 4.93 4.41 3.63 5.71 4.59 4.49 4.02 5.2 4.67
3.98 3.57 3.82 5.19 5.55 5.81 3.66 5.62 3.09 4.42 4.45
3.91 3.22 4.36 4.72 5.49 5.39 3.8 5.6 2.9 3.34 4.6
4.49 3.67 3.74 5.6 5.22 6.28 3.73 5.89 3.23 4.66 3.69
4.23 3.76 4.31 4.39 4.08 5.66 4.31 5.15 3.67 5.2 3.74
4.05 3.91 4.77 4.34 4.23 5.6 4.39 5.24 3.55 4.47 4.19
4.44 3.57 4.2 5.27 4.66 5.88 3.74 5.35 3.81 4.71 3.6
4.15 4.29 4.03 3.79 6.18 5.58 3.45 5.45 3.52 3.83 4.17
(former East) 4.77 3.24 3.67 4.86 4.59 5.38 4.04 5.36 3.17 4.97 3.45
(former West) 4.66 3.21 3.97 5.07 4.16 5.46 4.41 5.06 3.25 5.06 3.3
4.55 3.05 3.41 5.41 5.28 5.47 3.53 5.17 3.53 4.84 3.44
3.96 3.65 3.78 5.16 5.54 5.95 3.35 5.78 3.14 4.49 3.91
4.53 4.8 4.03 4.35 5.33 5.11 3.88 5.52 3.26 4.27 3.72
4.71 3.42 3.63 4.57 5.31 5.58 3.31 5.74 4.02 4.65 3.39
3.7 4.65 4.25 4.59 5.81 5.22 4.04 5.43 2.89 4.4 4.45
3.7 4.5 4.27 4.96 5.5 5.46 3.61 5.48 3.04 3.71 4.47
3.93 4 4.57 4.55 5.12 5.72 3.93 5.18 3.19 5.07 4.96
4.19 3.74 4.4 4.25 4.63 5.69 3.82 5.17 3.21 4.66 4.07
4.12 3.87 3.75 5.2 4.99 5.76 3.34 6.01 3.3 4.88 3.66
3.69 5.84 5.23 4.01 4.72 5.44 4.29 5.42 3.17 4.41 4.34
4.51 3.88 4.38 4.16 5.5 5.62 3.72 5.22 3.87 4.85 4.44
4.36 3.69 5.2 3.84 5.71 5.5 3.9 5.83 2.45 4.23 3.73
3.56 3.61 4.32 5.04 5.7 5.32 3.18 5.62 2.59 3.5 4.44
3.77 4.73 4.45 4.78 5.47 5.77 4.39 5.84 3.31 3.72 4.76
4.31 3.67 3.95 4.77 5.62 5.78 3.75 5.74 3.5 4.57 3.84
4.72 3.68 4.18 5.34 6.37 6.03 3.5 6.33 3.08 4.07 4.52
3.81 3.76 4.02 4.26 4.39 6.13 3.32 6.3 3.69 4.2 3.83
4.46 3.13 4.62 4.76 3.79 5.39 4.72 5.24 3.62 5.1 4.02
3.47 3.52 4.96 4.31 3.58 6.54 3.46 5.9 3.18 4.32 4.43
4.53 3.14 4 4.86 5.34 5.31 3.95 5.8 3.04 4.16 3.96
3.85 4.93 4.37 4.55 6.14 5.86 3.92 5.66 3.42 4.36 4.88
4.11 3.95 4.51 4.24 5.55 5.69 3.23 5.17 3.94 4.53 3.67
3.75 3.61 4.02 5.4 5.64 5.97 3.77 5.5 3.69 5.12 3.96
4.39 3.72 4.78 5.1 5.07 5.55 4.08 5.92 3.86 3.49 4.79
3.86 2.9 4.57 4.01 5.83 5.9 3.06 5.6 4.07 4.34 4.04
4.06 4.28 4.77 4.42 5.66 5.46 4.88 5.46 3.52 4.43 3.29
4.01 4.61 4.09 4.36 5.49 5.71 3.56 5.43 3.84 4.78 3.75
(Black sample) 4.43 3.97 4.47 4.46 5.18 5.14 4.66 5.25 3.78 4.43 4.46
(White sample) 4.49 3.65 4.54 4.36 4.42 5.82 4.08 5.59 3.25 4.54 3.45
4.39 4.01 3.87 5.25 5.53 5.82 3.52 5.66 3.06 4.82 3.29
3.41 3.49 5.26 3.91 3.46 6.25 4.37 4.96 3.72 5.19 4.09
4.58 3.31 4.2 4.87 4.04 5.16 4.8 4.93 3.12 5.01 3.73
French speakers 3.61 3.83 4.31 4.42 3.82 5.54 4.36 4.89 3.46 4.77 3.98
3.7 2.91 4.3 4.95 5.45 5.3 3.65 4.94 2.92 3.88 3.82
3.58 3.43 3.88 5.08 5.72 5.73 3.27 6.26 3.26 4.12 4.87
4.42 2.68 4.02 5.18 5.79 5.63 3.74 5.71 3.02 4.46 3.92
4.5 4.36 4.21 4.2 4.22 5.79 4.13 5.34 3.36 5.03 4.18
4.25 3.34 3.96 5.28 5.41 5.92 3.43 5.61 3.6 4.7 4.19
4 4.24 4.41 4.55 5.72 5.64 3.55 5.76 2.88 4.27 5.12
4.04 4.6 4.08 4.84 5.53 5.74 3.76 6.01 3.09 4.4 4.38