EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER: 2, 2013/2014

EXAMINER(S): Fadhilah Abd Razak, Zarina Abd. Rahman

No. Solution Marks/Comments

1. a1 a2 a3
(a) (i) Given det A = b1 b2 b3 = 4
c1 c2 c3

a1 a2 4a3 − 2a2
b1 b2 4b3 − 2b2
1 1
c1 c2 2c3 − c2
2 2

a1 a2 4a3 − 2a2 a1 a2 4a3

1 1
= b1 b2 4b3 − 2b2 = b1 b2 4b3
2 2 ½, ½
c1 c2 4c3 − 2c2 c1 c2 4c3

1 1
= (4) det( A) = (16) = 8

2 2 ½ , ½, 1
 

T
(ii) det ( I3 ) - det 3( A)−1 

½ ,½
= 1 − det 3( A)−1 

33
= 1−
det( A) ½
27 23
= 1− =− ½, 1
4 4

Page 1 of 10
 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER: 2, 2013/2014

EXAMINER(S): Fadhilah Abd Razak, Zarina Abd. Rahman

No. Solution Marks/Comments

1 3s x1 + − 2 x2 = 4
(b)
−6 x1 + s x2 = 1

 3s −2   x1   4 
=  = 
 − 6 s   x2   1  1

 3 s −2   4 −2   3s 4 
A=  , A1 =   , A2 =  
 −6 s  1 s   −6 1  ½, ½, ½

det A = 3s 2 − 12 = 3 ( s 2 − 4 ) = 3 ( s − 2 )( s + 2 ) ½
det A1 = 4 s + 2 , det A2 = 3s + 24 ½, ½
det A1 4s + 2 ½
∴ x1 = =
det A 3 ( s − 2 )( s + 2 )
det A2 3s + 24 ½
x1 = =
det A 3 ( s − 2 )( s + 2 )

The system has a unique solution when s ≠ ±2 1

_________________________________________________

 cos( −90 ) 0 sin(−90 )   0 0 −1 1½

   
2 T1 :  0 1 0  = 0 1 0 
 − sin( −90 ) 0 cos(−90 )  1 0 0 
 

0 0 0  1½
T2 : 0 1 0 
0 0 1 

T : T2  T1
½

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 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER:

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

0 0 0  0 0 −1 0 0 0 
[T ] = 0 1 0  0 1 0  = 0 1 0  1
0 0 1  1 0 0  1 0 0 

0 0 0   2   0  ½, 1
∴T ( 2, −2, −1) = 0 1 0   −2  =  −2
1 0 0   −1  2 

__________________________________________________
3.
(a) Let u , v ∈W

u = ( a1 , b1 , c1 ) : a1 = 3b1 + c1 , v = ( a2 , b2 , c2 ) : a2 = 3b2 + c2 1½ , 1½

Condition 1:

u + v = ( a1 + a2 , b1 + b2 , c1 + c2 ) : a1 + a2 = ( 3b1 + c1 ) + ( 3b2 + c2 ) ½, ½
= 3 ( b1 + b2 ) + ( c1 + c2 )
½
∴ u
+ 
v ∈
W ½
1/ 2

Condition 2:

ku = k ( a1 , b1 , c1 ) = ( ka1 , kb1 , kc1 ) ½

ka1 = k (3b1 + c1 ) ½
= 3kb1 + kc1 ½

∴ k u

∈W , ½
1/ 2

Thus, W is a subspace of ℜ3 1

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 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER: I, 2013/2014

EXAMINER(S): Fadhilah Abd Razak, Zarina Abd. Rahman

No. Solution Marks/Comments

3 1 1 1 
(b) Let A = 1 −1 k  1
1 1 k 2 

To form a basis, det(A) ≠ 0

1
i.e. det ( A ) = ( − k 2 − k ) + ( −1) ( k 2 − 1) + (1) ( k + 1) ≠ 0 2

−k 2 − k − k 2 + 1 + k + 1 ≠ 0 1
−2 k 2 + 2 ≠ 0
2k 2 ≠ 2 ⇒ k 2 ≠ 1 1
k ≠ ±1

(c) (i) W = {(0,1,2), ( −2,0,1)} for ℜ3.

r ≺ n . Not spanning
½, ½
(ii) W = {(3, 9), (−4, −12)} for ℜ . 2

Scalar Multiple of 39−4 . Not linearly independent ½, ½

(iii) W = {1 + x, x + x 2 , 0} for P2 .
Zero vector in the set. Not linearly independent ½, ½
_________________________________________________

4. 1 −1 4  1 0 0 1½ ( REF is also
1 4 −2   acceptable)
 →→ RRE  0 1 0 
Given A = 
1 4 2  0 0 1
   
1 −1 0  0 0 0

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  1  −1  4  
 1  4   −2  
   ,   ,    1½
(a) Basis for column space of A = 
 1  4   2  
      
1  −1  0  
1
(b) Nullity ( A T
) = 4−3 =1
(c) Let u1 = (1,1,1,1) , u2 = ( −1, 4, 4, −1) , u3 = ( 4, −2, 2, 0 )
1
v1 = u1 = (1,1,1,1)
½
u2 , v1
v2 = u2 − 2
⋅ v1
v1
½, 1, ½
= ( −1, 4, 4, −1)
( −1 + 4 + 4 − 1) ⋅
− (1,1,1,1)
1+1+1+1
3  5 5 5 5
= ( −1, 4, 4, −1) − (1,1,1,1) =  − , , , −  ½
2  2 2 2 2

u3 , v1 u3 , v2 ½
v3 = u3 − 2
⋅ v1 − 2
⋅ v2
v1 v2
( 4 − 2 + 2 + 0) ( −10 − 5 + 5 + 0 )
= ( 4, −2, 2, 0 ) − ⋅ (1,1,1,1) − ⋅ v2 ½, ½, ½, ½
4 25
10  5 5 5 5  1
= ( 4, −2, 2, 0 ) − (1,1,1,1) + − , , ,− 
25  2 2 2 2 
½
= ( 3, −3,1, −1) + ( −1,1,1, −1) = ( 2, −2, 2, −2 )

v1 (1,1,1,1)  1 1 1 1 
q1 = = = , , , 
v1 2 2 2 2 2 1
 5 5 5 5
 − ,, , ,− 
2 2 2 2  1 1 1 1
=
v2
q2 = = − , , ,−  1
v2 5  2 2 2 2

q3 =
v3
=
( 2, −2, 2, −2 ) =  1 , − 1 , 1 , − 1 
 
v3 4 2 2 2 2 1

Orthonormal basis {( q , q , q , )}
1 2 3

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 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER:

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

5 The eigenvalues are -3, 6, -5, 8. 

 −3 −1 −7 1 
 
 0 6 9 −2 
A= .
 0 0 −5 3 
 0 0 0 8 
 
Since A 4x4 has 4 distinct eigenvalues, A is diagonalizable.  [5 marks]

_____________________________________________
 −2 1 2 
 
Consider a matrix A =  2 −3 −1 .
6.  0 0 −1
 
(a)
λ+2 −1 −2
det(λI − A) = − 2 λ +3 1 
0 0 λ +1

λ+2 −1
= (λ + 1) = (λ + 1)[(λ + 2)(λ + 3) − 2] 
−2 λ +3
= (λ + 1)(λ2 + 5λ + 4) = (λ + 1)(λ + 1)(λ + 4) = 0 

∴ λ = −1,−1,−4 are the eigenvalue of A. [4 marks]

(b) When λ = −1

 1 −1 − 2 1 −1 − 2 1 −1 − 2
     
− 2 2 1  →  0 0 − 3 → 0 0 1  
 0 0 0   0 0 0   0 0 0 


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 x2 = t , x3 = 0, x1 = x2 + 2 x3 = t ½

 t  1  1 
     
X =  t  = t 1  ,  1  is the basis for the eigenspace of A
 0  0  0 
     
corresponding to λ = −1 

When λ = −4

 − 2 −1 − 2  − 2 −1 − 2  − 2 −1 − 2
     
− 2 −1 1  →  0 0 − 3 →  0 0 1  
 0 0 − 3   0 0 3   0 0 0 


x 2 = t , x3 = 0,−2 x1 = x 2 + 2 x3 ; x1 = −t / 2 ½

 − t / 2   − 1/ 2   1  [7 marks]
     
X =  t  = t 1  ;  − 2  is the basis for the
 0   0   0 
     
eigenspace of A corresponding to λ = −4 

(d) Matrix A is NOT diagonalizable since A 3x3 has only 2

linearly independent eigenvectors.  [1 mark]

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 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER:

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

7.

0 1 0 1 0
 
1 0 1 1 0
(a) M =  0 1 0 0 0
 
1 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 

Graph D. P2 P3
P5

P1
P4

[2 marks]
2 1 1 1 1
 
1 3 0 1 1
(b) M = 1
2
0 1 1 0 
 
1 1 1 3 0 [5 marks]
1 1 0 0 1 

(c) Possible ways of 3-step connections or less from P2 to
P4.
1 − step : M 24 = 1
+
2 − step : M 2 24 = 1

3 − step : M 324 = M 2 M =
1
 
1 ++
= (1 3 0 1 1)  0  = 1 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 5
 
0
1 [7 marks]
 

Thus, the total no. of ways = 7 connections. 

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 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

8.

(a) 0 0 1 0  0 0 1 0  0 1 0 1
    
1 0 0 1  1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
M =
2
= 
0 1 0 1  0 1 0 1  2 0 0 1
    
1 0 0 0  1 0 0 0   0 0 1 0 


Powers of team: A = M + M 2

Team P1 : 1 + 2 = 3
Team P2 : 2 + 2 = 4
½, ½, ½, ½
Team P3 : 2 + 3 = 5
Team P4 : 1 = 1 = 2 [8 marks]

P3 is the best.  Highest power. 

(b) ZWNQMW
 5 1 
A=   det (A) = 15 − 4 = 11  11−1 = 19
 4 3

 3 −1  57 −19   5 7  
A−1 = 19  = =  (mod 26)
−4 5   −76 95   2 17 
  
1 2

+
 5 7   0  161 5  E
 2 17   23 = 391 = 1  A
      
+
 5 7  14  189  7  G
 2 17  17  = 317  =  5  E
      
+
 5 7  13   226  18 R
 2 17   23 =  417  =  1  A
      
 [11 marks]
The term is EAGER

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