Definition Definition

A = { x ∈ S | P (x) } A⊆B⇔

Reasoning and logic Reasoning and logic

Definition Definition

A*B⇔ A is a proper subset of B ⇔

Reasoning and logic Reasoning and logic

Definition Definition

Element Argument: The Basic

Given sets A and B, A equals B, written
Method for Proving That One Set Is a
A = B, if, and only if
Subset of Another

Reasoning and logic Reasoning and logic

Definition Definition

The union of A and B The intersection of A and B

Reasoning and logic Reasoning and logic

Definition Definition

The difference of B minus A (or relative

The complement of A
complement of A in B)

Reasoning and logic Reasoning and logic

∀x, if x ∈ A then x ∈ B. The set of all x in S such that P of x.

1. A ⊆ B, and

2. there is at least one element in B that is not in ∃x such that x ∈ A and x 6∈ B.

A.

every element of A is in B and every evelement of B Let sets X and Y be given. To prove that X ⊆ Y ,
is in A. 1. Suppose that x is a particular but arbitrarily
Symbolically: chosen element of X,
A = B ⇔ A ⊆ B and B ⊆ A. 2. Show that x is an element of Y .

denoted as A ∩ B, is the set of all elements that are denoted as A ∪ B, is the set of all elements that are
common to both A and B. in at least one of A or B.
Symbolically: Symbolically:

A∩B = {x ∈ U | x ∈ A and x ∈ B} A∪B = {x ∈ U | x ∈ A or x ∈ B}

denoted Ac , is the set of all elements in U that are denoted B − A, is the set of all elements that are in
not in A. B and not A.
Symbolically: Symbolically:

Ac = {x ∈ U | x 6∈ A} A−B = {x ∈ U | x ∈ B and x 6∈ A}