GWANDA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NUST

NAME : Tapiwa

SURNAME : Munzanza

STUDENT ID : N0165644L

FACULTY : Engineering and Built Environment

DEPARTMENT: Engineering in Geomatics and Surveying

COURSE : Photogrammetry II

COURSE CODE: EGS 2105

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DECLARATION

I, Tapiwa Munzanza declare that this project is my own work, and that to the best of my
knowledge, no such project has been presented in any other Institution of higher learning for
the similar award.

Date ……………………………………………

Signature………………………………………

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DEDICATION

The work and effort to produce this study are dedicated to my beloved brother Mr D.M.
Munzanza; my lovely sisters Norah and Talent without forgetting my dear brothers and
sisters residing in Chiredzi community.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to acknowledge the help of friends and colleagues. I am indebted to
my supervisor Mr.D Munzanza for his helpful suggestions/challenges and encouragement
which proved to be invaluable in the preparation of this work. I would like to thank my
lecturer Mr.A B Ncube for providing a wealth of project design and management skills,
materials and his tireless devotion. I am also indebted to all lecturers in this program. I also
thank the leadership and the people of Chiredzi town community for their acceptance and
cooperation. I am grateful to my lovely brother Mr D Munzanza for his financial support and
encouragement, to my lovely daughter Vanessa, and my encouraging classmates Anneas F
Mudzingwa and Isaac Betserai for their unwavering support, without forgetting my team
mates who assisted me during my studies.

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Contents page

Introduction, background of study…………………………….7

Theoretical literature …………………………………………..8

Theoretical framework…………………………………………9

Problem statement………………………………………………9

Design brief ……………………..……………………………..10

Project objectives and survey …………………………………11

Site analysis……………………………………………………….12

Related project………………………………………………….13

Town master plan…....................................................................16

Project 3d master plan…………………………………………17

Project building layout plan……………………………………18

Buildings elevation……………………………………………...18

Chapter 2………………………………………………………..19

Efficient building……………………………………………….19

Properties of efficient building………………………………...22

Chapter 3………………………………………………………..22

Project implementation plan…………………………………..23

Project schedule………………………………………………...24

Concluding remarks……………………………………………25

Project evaluation plan………………………………………...25

Conclusion………………………………………………………26

Recommendation……………………………………………….26

Reference ……………………………………………………….28

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Project name : Proposing the construction of Chiredzi General Hospital in Chiredzi

First sponsor : L Mkwena (Member of Parliament)

Contacts : 0773350851; mkwena.pro@gmail.com

Second sponsor: T Maluleke (Masvingo Province Governor)

Contacts : govmaluleke@yahoo.com

Project director : S Mugova

Contacts : 0734982735/6

Project manager : E Shumba

Contacts : 0774563566

Project supervisor: Norah Muzenda

Contacts : tapiwamunzanza@gmail.com

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1.0 Introduction
Developing a hospital for the residents of Chiredzi town came in mind as a result of high
death toll from curable diseases in the area. The rapid increase of population this urban area
has resulted in an easy spread of diseases. It is also aiming to improve living standards of
Chiredzi Community through provision of better social services and support community
initiatives towards poverty reduction. Good health is critical in the formative years of a child
from his or her birth. The ideal health environment and resources, being hospital with
optimum doctor patient ratio and adequate resources provide quality health facilities to the
community. For each patient to get the requisite health services, certain standards have to be
met by the health centre. This being the case, this study is aimed to analyse quality health
service provision in Chiredzi district. Beginning with a snapshot background of the research,
this opening chapter spells out different issues that stimulated the researcher to want to
embark on a research of this kind

1.1 Background of study

The accumulation of people in Chiredzi town due to availability of jobs from Tongaat
Hulletts farms has led to the growth of Chiredzi town. The city marked by a green belt which
also acts as a barrier to urban sprawl. In the absence of good early treatment to infants, the
global future begins to look dismal. Masvingo provincial hospital has been affected by
flooding of patients due to absence of hospital in certain districts of the province. To solve
this issue I have proposed to develop a district hospital in Chiredzi district. High rates of
infant loss in the district acted as a major welcoming factor for the developing of a health
facility in Chiredzi. Chiredzi is located in the south eastern low-veld of Zimbabwe in
Masvingo province. Recent efforts to reform health facilities have been largely focused upon
issues such as improving people’s living standards and ensuring physically fit population
which will provide our globe with man power which has been a demand in recent years. This
district is expected to serve more than twenty two thousand people since it is located in an
urban area which is a destiny of many people.

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2.0.0Theoretical literature review

2.0.1Introduction

The chapter surveys available literature on what has been said and documented by various
scholars in the area of health and community participation in order to lay consistent
foundation on the subject within an acceptable research framework.

2.0.2 What is Health?

World Health Organization constitution of 1948 defined health as state of complete physical,
social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Within the
context of health promotion, health has been considered less as an abstract state and more as
a means to an end which can be expressed in functional terms as a resource which permits
people to lead an individually, socially and economically productive life. Health is a resource
for everyday life, not the object of living. It is a positive concept emphasizing social and
personal resources as well as physical capabilities. Zimbabwe as a member of World Health
Organisation has adopted this definition and is the one which has been used in the country.
The definition is appropriate one because it is known that health is encompassing all issues
surrounding the life of human being and not merely absence of diseases only.

2.0.3 Health a human right

The Zimbabwe ministry of health and child welfare stated that health is a human right.
Everyone should access the services from this ministry. Health is regarded by WHO as a
fundamental human right, and correspondingly, all people should have access to basic
resources for health. A comprehensive understanding of health implies that all systems and
structures which govern social and economic conditions and the physical environment should
take account of the implications of their activities in relation to their impact on individual and
collective health and well-being to increase control over the determinants of health and
thereby improve their health. This is applicable in Zimbabwe, because the government
understands the importance of health to its citizen and hence undertook different strategies in
order to make sure every Zimbabwean is able to access health services though due to
resource constrain t the process

2.0.4 Health for All

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Glossary of Terms Used in World Health Organisation (WHO) 1984 defined health for all as
the attainment by all the people of the world of a level of health that will permit them to lead
a socially and economically productive life. Health for All has serve d as an important focal
point for health strategy for WHO and it's Member States for almost twenty years. Although
it has been interpreted differently by each country in the light of its social and economic
characteristics, the health status and morbidity patterns of its population, and the state of
development of its health system, it has provided an aspiration goal, based on the concept of
equity in health. Zimbabwe has understood this and she is working on it though constrained
by resources but she has willingness to do so.

2.1.0 Theoretical framework

Theory refers to an explanation of a phenomenon or an abstract generalisation that

systematically explains the relationship among given phenomenon, for purpose of explaining,
predicting and controlling such phenomenon. This gives a definition of a theoretical
framework as a theory in the form of a model that serves as the basis for the study, and it
mentions the proponents of the study and their results. This research is going to base its
research findings on World Health Organisation (WHO) and also from UNICEF. World
Health Organisation developed certain services and size of buildings that are expected on a
district health centre. UNICEF also added that poor health facilities to infants will alter their
performance in education. The organisation labels different aspects or levels of the
environment that influences children’s development, including the microsystem which is the
immediate environment of the child.

2.2.0 Problem statement

Zimbabwe, like many countries of the developing world, is faced with the challenge of
providing adequate health service s to all her people. However, available national resources,
especially finance, are insufficient to implement this mammoth task. Consequently, under the
Health Sector Reforms, the Government is working together with a number of other agencies
to help realise this goal. Within the Chiredzi town there is a large population of 21,6o8 people
that at present do not have access to health services in their locality. There is only one
government clinic located near this area but it does not address al l the health needs services.
In order to access these services the community people have to travel more than 1 0 km. The
roads in this area are not well passable thus during the night it is difficult to find transport to

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access mother and child health services. As a result many expecting women deliver at home
or on the way without being attended by health personnel. This causes a high incidence of
maternal/child mortality.

3.0.0 Design brief

Chiredzi general hospital is to be designed and expected to serve more than twenty two
thousand people. The expected area for the hospital is 7.5 hectors. Buildings to be
constructed include mortuary, maternity block, waiting room and reception block, ward block
for patience and hospital lab. Outside the buildings there is going to be soft landscaping and
also reflective finishers.

3.0.1 Project concept plan

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3.1.0 Objectives

 Improve the standard of living for Chiredzi residents.

 Provide clean water to the community.
 Provide health care services.
 Cut distance to the next health centre.
 Provide family planning methods to rural communities.
 To make available to women Pre-Natal and Post-Natal outpatient services, as well as
immunisation for women and children.
 to reduce the barrier of accessing health services by 95% by 2020
 to provide improved health services to by 2008
 to provide voluntary counselling and test services in Chiredzi Community by 2020
 to improve the quality of life in Chiredzi Town Community

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  To serve as an example to others and thus encourage national as well as international
initiatives to invest in health services in order to improve the over-all welfare of the
nation.
 Provide facilities for carrying out medical research.
 Reduce death rate from curable diseases.
 Optimize delivery of healthcare and services to patients.

4.0.0 Project Survey

Area under survey: Chiredzi Town

Data obtained through questionnaires

Total population 21600

Male 11100
Female 10500
Maternal death rate in past 5 years 16 per 100 women
Child death rate due to six killer diseases 10 per 100
Orphans 250
Accessing clean source of water 3000
Population under 15 years 9300

4.0.1 Site survey

The hospital is to be located on a flattish land. The area is away from industrial areas so as to
achieve health standards required by the ministry of health. Hospital site is located near a
road for easier accessibility to the site and also for delivery purposes during construction. A
water treatment plant is also near the site of the hospital. This is a greater advantage because
water main is near the site.

4.1.0 Site analysis

 The site for the hospital gentle and this will help us with the following:
 Reduced levelling costs
 Reduced costs in provision of water and managing sewer due to favourable gradient
 Easy access to the site due to roads nearby
 The ground is composed of deep soils which allows deep foundations
 Construction costs are also reduced
 There is also a large space for our construction purposes
 Availability of resources for construction

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5.0.0 Project constraints
 Under estimation of costs
 Shortage of funds
 Running out of time
 Lack of cooperation between group members
 Ignorance from the community
 Red tape

5.1.0Environment impact assessment

5.1.1 Costs

 Noise and vibration

 Relocation
 Destruction of vegetation
 Waste discharge
 Soil contamination
 Dust from moving vehicles
 Destroying animal vegetation
 Destroying environmental beauty

5.1.2 Benefits

 Infrastructural development
 Employment creation
 Utilising idle land
 Health facilities to the community
 Reduce child death rate in the community due to curable diseases
 Improving people’s standards of living

5.2.0 Related project

The construction of hospital in Mwenezi district was a success due to many
considerations which were put forward. The project was sponsored by the
government. It was a successful project because the government possess both high
power and interest in project development. The project’s main objective was to
provide health facilities to the community. It was also aimed at providing family
planning methods to the district as part of government aim in population growth
control. The hospital is powered by solar energy since the district is located in the
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 south east low-veld of Zimbabwe where temperatures are high. And also solar energy
is user friendly and also a clean source of energy. The project also included analyses
of the district patient flow hospital concept. The ground survey was used to build a
concept for the new hospital Mwenezi and the surrounding service network.. The
concept defines what the hospital does and does not offer, and offers guidelines for
progressive patient care. The different operational entities, and the general principles
governing the operation of the hospital, were also covered. The concept was drawn up
for six operational entities: emergency care, elective operation, rehabilitation, primary
health care, support services and elderly care services. Process diagrams, patient
segmentation, main operating principles, and the new units were also presented. The
concept was defined using current resource data and output data on unit visits,
treatment days, and the number of staff. At the end of the project, the productivity of
the new concept was estimated.
Operational plan, in which the plans presented in the previous phases were specified
per unit and per form of service: It specified, for example, the content and connections
of the different operational entities (blocs), defined the process-specific action plans
and calculations (including the patient, personnel, information and material flows),
simulated processes at the hospital, bloc and unit levels, and specified the volumes
and connections of the different operations in relation to each other. The operational
planning stage was finished with a process-based layout and floor plan for the new
hospital, and an estimate of the building costs.

5.2.1 Mwenezi District hospital

The site view of a related project.

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The building below shows an efficient building for the case study. It is part of patience ward
buildings at Mwenezi Hospital. It is constructed using broad windows, reflective finishers
since the region experiences high temperatures. Flat but slopping roof, allow water to flow
down the roof and also reduce the effect of strong winds especially during the rain season.

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6.0.0 Power – interest graph for the project sponsor

There is a direct relationship between power and interest on my project sponsors.

7.0.0 Chiredzi town master plan

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The highlighted part shows the site location of the Chiredzi General Hospital

7.1.0 Hospital master plan

The diagram below shows a 3d master plan for the hospital

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The master plan shows:

 Open space
 3d buildings for the hospital
 Parking space
 Soft landscaping.
 Hard landscaping.
 Vegetation
 Link routes
 Hard surface at the hospital yard
 Waste management point
 Emergency exit points

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Hospital building layout plan

7.1.2 The diagram below shows elevation of hospital buildings.

Elevations shown are:

 side elevation
 front elevation
 roof of the buildings
 foundation of the buildings

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Chapter 2

1.0.0 Introduction
This chapter deals with an efficient building which is part of Chiredzi General Hospital
project. It also shows fully constructed buildings for the project. For example this part shows
efficient buildings of patience ward. The buildings constructed match the climatic conditions
in Chiredzi and also should accommodate a large number of people.

b) figs below shows patience ward buildings

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Fig (a) shows front view of the buildings

Fig (b) shows side view of the building

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Fig © above shows part of side view and front view

Fig(d) above shows side view with windows of both ground floor and first floor.

Fig (e) above shows back view roof of the buildings

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Fig (f) shows distant view of patience ward building

1.1.0 Efficient building properties

 Broad windows
 Large doors with glass
 High level windows
 There is also rainwater collector from top of the building to the ground.
 Curved roofs
 Sloping roofs
 Double walled buildings
 Ceiling
 Micro climate generators
 Electronic cooling devices
 Powered by alternative solar energy

2.0.0Purposes of efficient building properties

 The type of doors and windows used on the building allow penetration of light inside
the building.
 All doors are electronic doors this will reduce the needy of energy by patience to open
and close the doors.
 Higher windows are also used for the provision of sufficient air into the building.
 Outside finisher is reflective since the hospital is located in an area which experiences
high temperatures in summer season.
 Sloping down roof to promote water run off the roof
 Roof guard to protect roofing materials from rain and also industrial fall out
 The roof is not too high so as to protect the roof from strong winds which usually
occur in rain season.

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  Trusses are joined using gang nails so as to improve strength of joints
 There is also a ceiling below trusses
 A ceiling will act as a temperature controller in the building

2.0.1 A view of hospital buildings showing:

 Soft landscaping
 Main entrance
 Water tank for the hospital
 Road to the buildings

Chapter 3

1.0.0 Introduction
The project implementation plan falls under this chapter. The way the project is going to be
put into action and also duties of each member are shown in this chapter.

1.1.0 Project implementation plan

Project implementation plan refers to the way we are going to put our ideas from paper into
reality or into action.

1.1.1 Project team

Project team was divided into groups. Each group having a group leader

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Group A 10 members
Group B 8 members
Group C 12 members
Group D 10 members
Group E 11 members

The project team is to be divided into groups to allow division of labour. Each group is going
to have a leader who has the ability to make decision and also communicate with his team
mates well. The group leader will report daily progress to the project manager. Project
director is the one who will be giving duties to each group as they are planned on paper.
Project manager will be leading progress of all duties tasked to the groups. In resource
management, the project manager is the one who is in charge of keeping record of what is
being used and what has been taken from the store room. Project director is the one who is
responsible for accepting deliveries from our suppliers.

1.2.0 Project schedule

Expected time frame 247 days

Expected costs $870 500

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 Column1

EXPENSE
1/12/2017 7/9/2018 Task time
CATEGORY
PERSONNEL Number of Salary per Salary per statement from EMA 4
COSTS members individual individual days 6
Group A 10 $600*10 ( $ 550*10)7 Permission 1 week
working on base
Group B 8 $700*8 ( $ 680*8)7
map 3days
Group C 12 $750*12 ( $ 790*12)7 pilot survey 4 days
Group D 10 $680*10 ( $ 750*10)7 locating the site 5days
Group E 11 $ 700*11 ( $ 800*11)7 drawing site plan 1 week
Group leaders $800 $ 900*7 Consultation 2 days
addressing to the
Project Director $1500 $ 1700*7
community 2days
meeting with
Project Manager $1000 $ 1500*7
sponsors 2 weeks
SALARY authorisation of site
$ 38 400 $285 740
SUBTOTAL plan 2 days
drafting quotation 5 days

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 delivery of
resources 5 days
Consultant
Consultants Cost per period temporary roads
period 3 weeks
levelling the site 2 weeks
accessing water
consultant 1 3 hours 150*3
main 6 days
consultant2 4 hours 100*4 making foundations 2 weeks
CONSULTA
NT $850 delivering building
SUBTOTAL materials 8 days
building
EQUIPMENT
foundations 1 week
surveying $ building up to
$15000
equipment - window level 10 days
construction putting window
$70000 $2000
tools frames 5 days
EQUIPMEN construction of ring
$85000 $4000
T SUBTOTAL beam 2 weeks
SUPPLIES dry period 7 days
construction up to
TRAVEL
roof 3 weeks
Transport
500 $ 300
costs roofing 5 weeks
Transport
200 $ 100.00
costs Glazing 2 weeks
TRAVEL $
$ 400.00
SUBTOTAL 700.00 electrical tubing 2 weeks
OTHER
$ 600
EXPENSES Plastering 3 weeks
Food 200 $ 350.00 Flooring 2 weeks
Allowances 150 $ 250.00 roof finishers 2 weeks
OTHER
$
EXPENSES $ 600.00
350.00
SUBTOTAL Painting 1 week
pavement 1 week
putting car par 1 week
garage 8 days
247 day
total time elapsed

2.0.0 Concluding remarks

Health is the right for all, and the National Health Policy recognizes this and is emphasizing
that, but due to resource constraints, the Government fails to provide health facilities to all .

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Thu s through community participation needs assessment, these people identified the problem
that is facing their community and find that the solution is to build health centre. Goo d health
is the key of development because there is a vicious cycle between health and poverty. With
ill health people cannot participate in production fully, and will cause income poverty which
again will lead to poor health. Thus if this health centre is built in Chiredzi Community the
barrier to accessing health services will be reduced.

2.1.0 Project evaluation plan

Evaluation will be carried out to assess the degree to which the intended objectives have been
achieved. Evaluation will be carried out as a continuous activity with the participation of all
stakeholders of the project, most important beneficiaries. The evaluation will be carried out
by the project management committee which will represent the community people as
beneficiaries and some officials from the health centre. They will assess whether the project
objectives have been achieved Six months after the commencement of health centre services,
the project management committee will collect information from the analysis of health centre
register books in order to:

• Gather records of number of men, females, children attended to the health centre to receive
health services.

• Know different health services the centre is providing e.g. Family planning Methods, Health
awareness programs, immunization etc.

Information will be obtained from the officials from a health centre and community people,
also from project monitoring report

This will be done through reviewing of health centre registers records, conducting interviews
with health staffs and community people.

2.2.0 Conclusion

The health policy has recognized the importance of involving community in achieving its
objectives however lacked implementation strategies/capacity to enhance effective
participation. As a result awareness of community participation in health issues is ineffective
and that is why many Zimbabwean do not know their right to health services. The health
policy (2002) is the one which is currently used to implementing health services, this is pity
as so many changes are happening and yet not reflected in the health policy. It is time to
formulate new policy which will include all necessary changes and new strategies in order to
achieve its objectives. Co-ordination between project team members will help in coming out
with the desired output.

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2.3.0 Recommendation

Since health is a right for all, it is recommended that a health centre be constructed at
Chiredzi town centre through community participation but with the assistance of the Chiredzi
municipal , NGO's and member of parliaments

The findings also indicated Malaria as the main problem in this area; I suggest that a
community-based malaria control program be anchored on grass-root participation as a
community health initiative, with the support of personnel from the National Malaria Control
Program. Such a malaria control program will increase activities in malaria control, sensitize
the local populations on the mosquito bite prevention and avoidance of potential mosquito
breeding sites, early detection of symptoms and signs, standard dosage of SP for malaria
episodes or as a prophylaxis in pregnant women .

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3.0.0 Reference

Environmental Management Agencies policy(2013)

Ministry of Health, (2013) Proposals for Health Reforms.

Ministry of health: (2008) Zimbabwe health policy.

Ministry of health: (2016 ) health facilities in Zimbabwe.

Red Cross statistics book 2014

UNICEF, health statement in Lebanon 2006

WHO Constitution of 1948

WHO, Geneva, 1984: Glossary of Terms use d i n health for all series.

Zimbabwe Census data 2012

Zimbabwe ministry of health and child welfare

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