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Calcular:
Solucion:
a) 𝑇2 = 𝑇1 (𝜀)𝑘−1
𝑇2 = (15.6 + 273)(8)1.4−1
𝑇2 = 663.03 °𝐾
𝑃2 = 𝑃1 (𝜀)𝑛
𝑘𝑔
𝑃2 = 1.03 (8)1.4
𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝑃2 = 18.93 𝑐𝑚2
445kcal/kg
𝑇3 = 𝐶𝑣
+ 𝑇2
445kcal/kg
= 0.17151kcal/kg°K
+ 663.03 °𝐾
𝑇3 = 3257.631 °K
𝑇4 = 𝑇3 (𝜀)1−𝑘
𝑇4 = 3257.631(8)1−1.4
𝑇4 = 1417.97 °𝐾 𝑇4 = 1144.97 °𝐾
𝑃3 𝑃2 3257.631 𝑘𝑔
= → 𝑃3 = 𝑥 18.93
𝑐𝑚2
𝑇3 𝑇2 663.03
𝑘𝑔
𝑃3 = 93
𝑐𝑚2
𝑇 𝑘
𝑃4 = 𝑃3 (𝑇4 )
3
1.4
𝑘𝑔 1417.97 1.4−1
=93 𝑥( )
𝑐𝑚2 3257.631
𝑘𝑔
𝑃4 = 5.06
𝑐𝑚2
b)
𝑛 𝑇 = 1−(𝜀)1−𝑘
= 1−(8)1−1.4
𝑛 𝑇 = 56.47 %
c)
𝑅𝑇1 𝑘𝐽 (15.6+273)
𝑉1 = = 0.287 𝑥
𝑃1 𝐾𝑔 𝐾 101.325 𝐾𝑃𝑎
V1 = 0.81745 m3 ⁄Kg
𝑊𝑛 𝑞𝑒 − 𝑞𝑠 (445 − 193.6977) 𝑥 4.1858 𝐾𝐽⁄𝐾𝑔
𝑃𝑚𝑒 = = =
𝑉1 − 𝑉2 𝑉 𝑚3 1
𝑉1 (1 − 2 ) 0.81745 (1 − )
𝑉1 𝐾𝑔 8
𝑃𝑚𝑒 = 1470.54 𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑛𝑣 =
𝑉𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 = 𝑛𝑣 𝑥 𝑉𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒
= 𝑛𝑣 𝑥 𝑉𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝛾𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑛̇
̇ = 𝑖 𝑛𝑣 𝑥 𝑉𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑥 𝛾𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑥
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒
2
𝜋 𝑘𝑔 5800
̇ = 4 𝑥 (0.83) (0.070)2 (0.082 𝑚3 ) 𝑥 1.25
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑥
4 𝑚 3 2 𝑥 60 𝑠
𝑘𝑔 𝑠
̇ = 0.063298
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 x 3600
𝑠 ℎ
𝑘𝑔
̇ = 227.875
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒
ℎ
4. Un motor de dos tiempos tiene una velocidad media del piston
Vmp=4.1 m/s , N=600RPM si el volumen ocupado por las lumbreras es
de 𝑉𝐿 = 1.6 𝑑𝑚3, 𝜀 = 15 ,
∅𝑐 = 20.5 𝑐𝑚, 𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 =?
𝑉ℎ
𝜀= = 15
𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑚𝑝 600 4.1 𝑚/𝑠
= , 𝑠= 𝑥 60𝑠
2𝑠 60 600 𝑥 2
𝑠 = 0.205𝑚 ≈ 205 𝑚𝑚
𝜋
𝑉ℎ − 𝑉𝑐 = (2.05)2 𝑥 2.05 𝑑𝑚3
4
𝑉ℎ − 𝑉𝑐 = 6.766 𝑑𝑚3
𝑉ℎ
Pero, = 15 ≫ 14𝑉𝑐 = 6.766 𝑑𝑚3
𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = 0.48328 𝑑𝑚3
𝑉ℎ = 7.249 𝑑𝑚3
𝑉ℎ − 𝑉ℎ ′ = 𝑉𝐿
𝑉ℎ − 𝑉ℎ ′ = 1.6 𝑑𝑚3
𝑉ℎ ′ = 7.249 − 1.6
𝑉ℎ ′ = 5.649 𝑑𝑚3
Entonces:
𝑉ℎ ′ 5.649
𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 = = , 𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 = 11.688
𝑉𝑐 0.48328
Solución:
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑏 = 𝑃𝑎 (𝜀)𝑛 = 1.03 (8)1.4
≫ 𝑃𝑏 = 18.93
𝑐𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2
𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐽
𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇𝑏 ) = 717 𝑥 4.1858
𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐾𝑔
𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽
0.718 (𝑇𝑐 − 459.48) = 3001.22
𝑘𝑔 𝐾 𝑘𝑔
𝑇3 = 4366.45 ℃
𝑃𝑐 𝑃𝑏 4639.45 𝑘𝑔
= → 𝑃𝑐 = 𝑥 18.93
𝑇𝑐 𝑇𝑏 459.48 𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑐 = 191.14
𝑐𝑚2
1 𝑛−1
𝑇𝑑 = 𝑇𝑐 ( )
𝜀
1 1.4−1
𝑇𝑑 = 4639.45 ( )
8
𝑇𝑑 = 2019.44 ℃
𝐾𝐽 1 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑞𝑠 = 𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝑑 − 𝑇𝑎 ) = 0.718 (2019.44 − 200)
𝑘𝑔 𝐾 4.1858 𝐾𝐽
𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑞𝑠 = 312.093 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒
𝑞𝑠
𝑛𝑇 = 1 −
𝑞𝑒
312.098
𝑛𝑇 = 1 −
717
𝑛 𝑇 = 56.5 %
𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝑞𝑒 − 𝑞𝑠 = 404.91
𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑚𝑒 = 4.36
𝑐𝑚2
Solución:
𝑛
𝑁𝑓𝑜 = 𝑛 . 𝑃. 𝑉ℎ . 𝑖 .
2
𝑘𝑔 𝜋 2100 1𝑚
𝑁𝑓𝑜 = 0.22 𝑥 7 𝑥 𝑥 (13)2 𝑥14𝑐𝑚3 𝑥 𝑥
𝑐𝑚2 4 60 𝑥 2𝑠 100𝑐𝑚
𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 1𝐶𝑉
𝑁𝑓𝑜 = 500.7989 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑔 𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
75 𝑠𝑒𝑔
𝑁𝑓𝑜 = 6.677 𝐶𝑉
𝑁𝑓 𝑛 2
=( )
𝑁𝑓𝑜 𝑛
𝑁𝑓 = 3.876 𝐶𝑉
7. Un motor diesel desarrolla en Lima a 𝑃0 = 1𝑏𝑎𝑟 ,𝑇0 = 20, 𝑁𝑒 = 300 𝐻𝑃 a
2000 RPM, cual será 𝑁𝑒 = 2 en Puno donde las condiciones P=0.65 bar ,
T=10℃ . Si se sabe que la eficiencia disminuye en 15%, eficiencia
efectiva = 22℃ , se enriquece con 32℃ de aire
60 𝑃 𝛾𝑜 𝑛𝑉 𝑛𝑖 𝑛𝑚 𝑖
𝑁𝐶𝐿 =
632 𝛼𝑙𝑜 𝑇
Solución:
𝑃𝑘 𝑇𝑜 0.65 293
𝛾𝑘 = 𝛾𝑜 𝑥 = 𝛾𝑜 𝑥 = 0.67297𝛾𝑜
𝑃𝑜 𝑇𝑘 1 283
𝑛𝑒
𝑛𝑚 =
𝑛𝑖
𝑁𝐶𝑃 = 101.4 𝐻𝑃
Solución:
𝑀𝑟
𝛾𝑟𝑒𝑠 =
𝑀1
𝑀2 + 𝑀𝑟
𝛽𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 = = 1.043
𝑀1 + 𝑀𝑟
𝑀2 /𝑀1 + 𝛾𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝛽𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 =
1 + 𝛾𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑀2 1
𝛾𝑟𝑒𝑠 = (𝛽𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 − )
𝑀1 (1 − 𝛽𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 )
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 =∝ 𝑙𝑜 𝐺𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏
1 8
𝑙𝑜 = [ 𝐶 + 8𝐻 − 0]
0.23 3
1 8
𝑙𝑜 = [ (0.86) + 8(0.13) − 0.01]
0.23 3
𝐾𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒
𝑙𝑜 = 14.45
𝐾𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏
𝐾𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐾𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒
1800 = 1.8 𝑥 14.45 𝑥 𝐺𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏
ℎ 𝐾𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏
𝐾𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏
𝐺𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 = 69.204
ℎ
10.Se tiene un motor diesel de 4T DxS=120.65x i=6, al trabajar a plena
carga y 2200 RPM se tiene 140 un rendimiento volumétrico 81.75%, y
una relación aire combustible 22.02:1. Hallar un gasto de combustible
en kg/h
𝜌𝑘 = 1.2 kg/𝑚3
Solución:
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑛𝑣 = =
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑖 . 𝑉ℎ . 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 . 𝑛
2
𝑛
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 = 𝑛𝑉 . 𝑖 . 𝑉ℎ . 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 .
2
𝜋 𝐾𝑔 2200 60
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 = 0.8175 𝑥 6 𝑥 (0.1265)2 𝑥 (0.140)3 𝑥 1.2 3 . 𝑥
4 𝑚 2 ℎ
𝐾𝑔
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 = 683.539
ℎ