ACI Approach

Forces Acting on Wall Load Factor Resistance Factor

α= 93.43 Degree Static Static and Seismic
Ø= 28 Degree Soil Pressure, EH = 1.6 Plain Concrete, φ = 0.6
δ= 15 Degree Soil Pressure, EV = 1.2
β= 0 Degree Surcharge, LL = 1.6
Ka = 0.350 Dead Load, DL = 1.2
Kah = 0.332 Kasin(α+δ) Seismic
Kas = 0.513 Seismic Load, EQ = 1
Kahs = 0.487 Kassin(α+δ) Soil Pressure, EH = 1.6
kh = 0.2 Soil Pressure, EV = 1.2
qu = 1500 kPa Dead Load, DL = 1.2
Bearing Check Dead Load, DL = 0.9 Unfavorable
Static
q= 25 kPa
H= 5.7 m
Hw = 3.6 m
P1s = 11.71 kN 1/2ys(H-Hw)²Kah
P2s = 23.42 kN ys(H-Hw)²Kah ys = 16 P1
P3s = 12.90 kN 1/2(ys-yw)Hw²Kah yw = 10 ys (H-Hw)
Pws = 64.8 kN 1/2ywHw² H Pq
Pqs = 47.30 kN qKahH P2
Lever Arm Hw
a1 = 4.3 m Hw+(H-Hw)/3
a2 = 1.8 m Hw/2 P3 Pw
a3 = 1.2 m Hw/3
aw = 1.2 m Hw/3 ysH-ywHw ysH YwHw q
aq = 2.85 m H/2
Earthquake (kh = 0.2g) Mh = 512.86 kNm/m P1a1+P2a2+P3a3+Pwaw+Pqaq
q= 10 kPa
H= 5.7 m
Hw = 3.6 m
P1 = 5.46 kN 1/2ys(H-Hw)²Kahs
P2 = 10.92 kN ys(H-Hw)²Kahs
P3 = 6.02 kN 1/2(ys-yw)Hw²Kahs ys = 16 P1
Pw = 11.13 kN 7/12khywHw² yw = 10 ys (H-Hw)
Pq = 18.92 kN qKahH Static H Pq
Pq = 8.82 kN qKahsH Seismic P2
Pwi = 13.2 kN W1kh
Pbi = 15.62 kN W2kh
Pr = 42.19 kN (W3+W4)kh P3 Pw
Lever Arm
a1 = 4.86 m Hw+(H-Hw)0.6 ysH-ywHw ysH YwHw q
a2 = 3.24 m 0.9Hw
a3 = 2.16 m 0.6Hw
aw = 2.16 m 3/5Hw Mh = 665.67 kNm/m P1a1+Pwaw+Pqaq+Pwiawi+Pbiabi+Prar
aq = 2.85 m H/2
awi = 2.97 m
abi = 0.35 m 0.7/2
ar = 3.2 m 5/2+0.7
Vertical Force
0.4 Static Seismic
W1 = 66 kN/m W1 = 66 kN/m 0.4(5)(24)+0.5(0.7-0.4)(5)(24)
W3 W2 = 78 kN/m W2 = 78 kN/m 24(0.7)(4.65)
W3 = 141 kN/m W3 = 141 kN/m ys(2.1)(4.124)+ys(2.1)(0.126)(0.5)
5 W4 = 70.24 kN/m W4 = 70.24 kN/m ys-yw(2.9)(3.95)+ys-yw(2.9)(0.174)(0.5)
W1 W5 = 117.07 kN/m W5 = 117.07 kN/m yw(2.9)(3.95)+yw(2.9)(0.174)(0.5)
W4&W5 Ws = 106.25 kN/m Ws = 42.5 kN/m q(4.65-0.4)
0.7 W2 Wt = 578.37 kN/m Wt = 514.62 kN/m W1+W2+W3+W4+W5+Ws
0.7
4.65 M
Moment Due to Vertical Loads (Static) Moment Due to Vertical Loads (Seismic) p2
Mv = 473.59 kNm/m Mv = 395.70 kNm/m
aW1 = -1.44 m aW1 = -1.44 m
aW2 = 0.955 m aW2 = 0.955 m
aW3 = 0.868 m aW3 = 0.868 m p1
aW4 = 0.955 m aW4 = 0.955 m
aW5 = 0.955 m aW5 = 0.955 m 1.72 2.28
aWs = 0.805 m aWs = 0.805 m

Static Seismic Note:

Moment, M = -39.28 kNm/m (Mv-Mh) Moment, M = -269.97 kNm/m (Mv-Mh) + Clockwise/Towards Right of N.A
- Counter clockwise/Towards Left of N.A
Bearing Check (Static) Bearing Check (Earthquake)
P= 2210 kN 3Wt P= 1853 kN 3Wt
A= 4.18 m See Section Properties A= 4.18 m See Section Properties
M = -117.83 kNm 3M M = -809.92 kNm 3M2
yl = 1.72 m yl = 1.72 m
yr = 2.28 m yr = 2.28 m
I= 6.52 m⁴ See Section Properties I= 6.52 m⁴ See Section Properties
qright = 487.83 kPa P/A+Myr/I < qr qright = 160.37 kPa P/A+Myr/I < qr
qleft = 560.10 kPa P/A-Myl/I < qr qleft = 657.18 kPa P/A-Myl/I < qr
qr = 765 kPa φ0.85qu qr = 765 kPa φ0.85qu

Shear Check (Static) Shear Check (Earthquake)

c= 335 kpa c= 335 kpa
Ø= 22.5 degree Ø= 22.5 degree
α= 0.5 α= 0.5
A= 4.18 m² A= 4.18 m²
W= 1735 kN 3Wt W= 1544 kN 3Wt
T= 1179 kN WT(tanØ)(2/3)+cαA T= 1126 kN WT(tanØ)(2/3)+cαA
Fh = 480 kN P1+P2+P3+Pw+Pq Fh = 638 kN P1s+P2s+P3s+Pws+Pqs+[(P1+P2+P3+Ps)-(P1s+P2s+P3s+Pqs)/1.4]
FS = 2.45 T/Fh > 1.5 FS = 1.77 T/Fh > 1.5
AASHTO Approach
Forces Acting on Wall Load Factor Resistance Factor
α= 93.43 Degree Static Static
Ø= 28 Degree Soil Pressure, EH = 1.5 Bearing, φB = 0.55
δ= 15 Degree Soil Pressure, EV = 1.35 Sliding, φS = 1
β= 0 Degree Surcharge, LL = 1.75
Ka = 0.350 Dead Load, DL = 1.25
Kah = 0.332 Kasin(α+δ) Seismic Seismic
Kas = 0.513 Seismic Load, EQ = 1 Bearing, φB = 0.8
Kahs = 0.487 Kassin(α+δ) Soil Pressure, EH = 1 Sliding, φS = 1
kh = 0.2 Soil Pressure, EV = 1
qu = 1500 kPa Dead Load, DL = 1
Bearing Check Dead Load, DL = 0.9 Unfavorable
Static
q= 25 kPa
H= 5.7 m
Hw = 3.6 m
P1s = 11.71 kN 1/2ys(H-Hw)²Kah
P2s = 23.42 kN ys(H-Hw)²Kah ys = 16 P1
P3s = 12.90 kN 1/2(ys-yw)Hw²Kah yw = 10 ys (H-Hw)
Pws = 64.8 kN 1/2ywHw² H Pq
Pqs = 47.30 kN qKahH P2
Lever Arm Hw
a1 = 4.3 m Hw+(H-Hw)/3
a2 = 1.8 m Hw/2 P3 Pw
a3 = 1.2 m Hw/3
aw = 1.2 m Hw/3 ysH-ywHw ysH YwHw q
aq = 2.85 m H/2
Earthquake (kh = 0.2g) Mh = 514.51 kNm/m P1a1+P2a2+P3a3+Pwaw+Pqaq
q= 10 kPa
H= 5.7 m
Hw = 3.6 m
P1 = 5.46 kN 1/2ys(H-Hw)²Kahs
P2 = 10.92 kN ys(H-Hw)²Kahs
P3 = 6.02 kN 1/2(ys-yw)Hw²Kahs ys = 16 P1
Pw = 11.13 kN 7/12khywHw² yw = 10 ys (H-Hw)
Pqs = 18.92 kN qKahH Static H Pq
Pq = 8.82 kN qKahsH Seismic P2
Pwi = 13.2 kN W1kh
Pbi = 15.62 kN W2kh
Pr = 42.19 kN (W3+W4)kh P3 Pw
Lever Arm
a1 = 4.86 m Hw+(H-Hw)0.6 ysH-ywHw ysH YwHw q
a2 = 3.24 m 0.9Hw
a3 = 2.16 m 0.6Hw
aw = 2.16 m 3/5Hw Mh = 543.44 kNm/m P1a1+Pwaw+Pqaq+Pwiawi+Pbiabi
aq = 2.85 m H/2
awi = 2.97 m
abi = 0.35 m 0.7/2
ar = 3.2 m 5/2+0.7
Vertical Force
0.4 Static Seismic
W1 = 66 kN/m W1 = 66 kN/m 0.4(5)(24)+0.5(0.7-0.4)(5)(24)
W3 W2 = 78 kN/m W2 = 78 kN/m 24(0.7)(4.65)
W3 = 141 kN/m W3 = 141 kN/m ys(2.1)(4.124)+ys(2.1)(0.126)(0.5)
5 W4 = 70.24 kN/m W4 = 70.24 kN/m ys-yw(2.9)(3.95)+ys-yw(2.9)(0.174)(0.5)
W1 W5 = 117.07 kN/m W5 = 117.07 kN/m yw(2.9)(3.95)+yw(2.9)(0.174)(0.5)
W4&W5 Ws = 106.25 kN/m Ws = 42.5 kN/m q(4.65-0.4)
0.7 W2 Wt = 578.37 kN/m Wt = 514.62 kN/m W1+W2+W3+W4+W5+Ws
0.7
4.65
Moment Due to Vertical Loads (Static) Moment Due to Vertical Loads (Seismic) p2
Mv = 530.54 kNm/m Mv = 314.83 kNm/m
aW1 = -1.44 m aW1 = -1.44 m
aW2 = 0.955 m aW2 = 0.955 m
aW3 = 0.868 m aW3 = 0.868 m p1
aW4 = 0.955 m aW4 = 0.955 m
aW5 = 0.955 m aW5 = 0.955 m 1.72 2.28
aWs = 0.805 m aWs = 0.805 m

Static Seismic Note:

Moment, M = 16.03 kNm/m (Mv-Mh) Moment, M = -228.61 kNm/m (Mv-Mh) + Clockwise/Towards Right of N.A
- Counter clockwise/Towards Left of N.A
Bearing Check (Static) Bearing Check (Earthquake)
P= 2427 kN 3Wt P= 1544 kN 3Wt
A= 4.18 m See Section Properties A= 4.18 m See Section Properties
M= 48.10 kNm 3M M = -685.84 kNm 3M2
yl = 1.72 m yl = 1.72 m
yr = 2.28 m yr = 2.28 m
I= 6.52 m⁴ See Section Properties I= 6.52 m⁴ See Section Properties
qright = 597.80 kPa P/A+Myr/I < qr qright = 129.83 kPa P/A+Myr/I < qr
qleft = 568.30 kPa P/A-Myl/I < qr qleft = 550.53 kPa P/A-Myl/I < qr
qr = 825 kPa φBqu qr = 1200 kPa φBqu

Shear Check (Static) Shear Check (Earthquake)

c= 335 kpa c= 335 kpa
Ø= 22.5 degree Ø= 22.5 degree
α= 0.5 α= 0.5
A= 4.18 m² A= 4.18 m²
W= 1416 kN W1+W2+W3+W4+W5 W= 1416 kN W1+W2+W3+W4+W5
T= 1091 kN WT(tanØ)(2/3)+cαA T= 1091 kN WT(tanØ)(2/3)+cαA
Fh = 756 kN P1+P2+P3+Pw+Pq Fh = 735 kN P1s+P2s+P3s+Pws+Pqs+P1+P2+P3+Pw+Ps+Pq+Pwi+Pbi+Pr
FS = 1.44 T/Fh >1 FS = 1.48 T/Fh >1