ASIA S MRONGA

201000336

EEB 516 POWER ELECTRONICS ASSIGNMENT II

UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA FACULTY OF
ENGINEERING (BENGE)
INVERTERS

Q1.

Applications of Inverters include:

 Portable consumer devices that allow the user to connect a battery, or set of batteries, to
the device to produce AC power to run various electrical items such as lights, televisions,
kitchen appliances, car batteries, and power tools.

 Use in power generation systems such as electric utility companies or solar generating
systems to convert DC power to AC power.

 Use within any larger electronic system where engineering need exists for deriving an
AC source from a DC source.

Types of PWM techniques;

A. SINE PWM
B. SPACE VECTOR PWM
C. THIRD HARMONIC INJECTION

PMW technique Method of operation THD Maximum output

voltage
Sine wave Triangular wave as a Higher harmonic Higher magnitude of
PWM(SPWM) carrier and sinusoidal as a distortion the output voltage
controller compared to
SVPWM
Space vector Similar to regular Less harmonic Higher than the
PWM(SVPWM) sampling, but derived from distortion SPWM
the “space-phasor” compared to
representation of 3-phase SPWM
quantities. Popular in
“Vector controlled”
induction motor drives
Third harmonic It adds a third-order Lower than Highest maximum
injection (THIPWM) harmonic content SPWM output voltage
to a sinusoidal reference
signal thereby increasing
the utilization rate of the
DC bus voltage
Q2. 3 PHASE INVERTER

Circuit on Mat lab

Simulation Results:

i. Square wave PMW with 1200 conduction

Phase Voltages

400

200

-200

-400

200

-200

200

-200

0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Line voltages

LINE-TO-LINE VOLTAGES
500
Vab

-500

500
Vac

-500

500
Vbc

-500
0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Line Currents

SQUARE WAVE: LINE CURRENTS 120 DEGREES

100

80

60

40

20

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05

ii. Square wave PWM with 1800 conduction

Phase Voltages
 PHASE VOLTAGES

200
Van

-200

200
Vbn

-200

200
Vcn

-200

0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Line voltages

SQUARE WAVE:PHASE VOLTAGES-180 DEGREES

500

-500

500

-500

500

-500
0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Line Currents

LINE CURRENTS
100

80

60

40

20

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100
0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45
SINUSOIDAL PMW MODEL

Simulation Results:

iii. Sinusoidal PWM with fs = 1KHz

Phase voltages

Line voltages
line currents

iv. Sinusoidal PWM with fs= 7 KHZ.

Phase Voltage
PHASE VOLTAGES
500
Van

-500

500
Vbn

-500

500
Vcn

-500
0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Line Voltages
 LINE-TO- LINE VOLTAGES
500
Vab

-500

500
Vbc

-500

500
Vac

-500
0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Line Currents

SINUSOIDAL PWM LINE CURRENTS: Fs=7000Hz

100

80

60

40

20

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100
0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

From the above waveforms, it is evident that at low switching frequencies, 1000Hz, the current
waveform has a lot of ripples than when the switching frequency is quite high, at 7000Hz. This
ripples shows how distorted the waveform is and hence we can say that the output of the inverter is
highly distorted at 1000Hz than at 7000Hz.
1000Hz CURRENT WAVEFORM
150

100

50

-50

-100
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03

1000Hz current waveforms with much ripples

 7000Hz CURRENT WAVEFORM
150

100

50

-50

-100
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03

7000Hz current waveform with little ripples as

Compared to the 1000 Hz one.

Because current tend to follow voltage, for 120 degrees conduction, current keeps going to zero for
about 60 degrees in each half of a cycle while for 180 degrees conduction it never stays at zero,
making it much closer to the sine wave. Therefore, 120 degree conduction PWM is much distorted
as compared to 180 degrees conduction.

CONCLUSION

Total Harmonic distortion can be minimized by increasing the switching frequency and by increasing
the conduction time of the thyristors.