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Physics Formula
CONTENT
1. Motion in one dimension 5
1.1 displacement ____________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.2 average speed____________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.3 The instantaneous velocity _________________________________________________________________ 5
1.4 The average acceleration ___________________________________________________________________ 5
1.5 The instantaneous acceleration ______________________________________________________________ 5
1.6 Particle under constant Velocity _____________________________________________________________ 6
1.7 Particle under constant acceleration __________________________________________________________ 6
4. Circular Motion 9
5. Mechanics energy 10
5.1 Work (w) _______________________________________________________________________________ 10
5.2 kinetic energy ___________________________________________________________________________ 10
5.3 Potential energy _________________________________________________________________________ 10
5.4 total mechanical energy of a system _________________________________________________________ 10
6. Collisions 11
6.1 linear momentum________________________________________________________________________ 11
6.2 Impulse ________________________________________________________________________________ 11
8. Universal Gravitation 14
8.1 Gravitation Force ________________________________________________________________________ 14
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8.2 Gravitational potential Energy______________________________________________________________ 14
8.3 Escape speed ___________________________________________________________________________ 14
9. Fluid Mechanics 15
9.1 Pressure with depth ______________________________________________________________________ 15
9.3 Pascal's law _____________________________________________________________________________ 15
9.4 pressure Measurements __________________________________________________________________ 15
9.5 Buoyant Forces: B ________________________________________________________________________ 16
9.6 Fluid Dynamics __________________________________________________________________________ 16
9.6.1 Equation of Continuity of Fluid __________________________________________________________________ 16
13. Electricity 23
13.1 Electric Force __________________________________________________________________________ 23
13.2 Electric field ___________________________________________________________________________ 23
14.Gauss' law 24
14.1 Electric flux ____________________________________________________________________________ 24
14.2 Gauss' law _____________________________________________________________________________ 24
14.3 Electric Equilibrium _____________________________________________________________________ 24
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Physics Formula
Introduction
Physic is the natural science that studies matter and its motion and
behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities
of energy and force. Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines,
and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves. it contains so many
field for study event though its basic. So My team created by writing a useful for
student to review the formula of physic that we summarized it by its part.
This book contains many formulas in physic with figure that make you more
understand. It is very easy to use for any of students or teacher. You can use this
book alone without teacher.
We hope that you'll get benefit from this book for your daily study.
Chhor Tithmesa
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Physics Formula
1. MECHANICS
1. Motion in one dimension
1.1 displacement:
When a particle moves along the x axis from initial position xi to final xf
∆𝑥 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖
𝑑𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
∆𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
∆𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑉 = lim =
∆𝑡 →0 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∆𝑣 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑎= =
∆𝑡 𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖
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∆𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑2 𝑢
𝑎 = lim = =
∆𝑡 →𝑜 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2
∆𝑥
𝑣=
∆𝑡
𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑡
𝑎=𝑜
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑓 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑣𝑓
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
2
𝑣𝑓 + 𝑣𝑖
𝑎= = Constant
∆𝑡
1 2 𝑎 > 0 (𝐹 ⥣ 𝑎)
𝑥𝑓 = 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑣0𝑡 + 𝑥𝑖 |
2 𝑎 < 0 (𝐹 ⥮ 𝑎)
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2. Motion in two dimension
𝑔⃑(+)
● in 𝑥 axis
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
● in 𝑦 axis
𝑣0𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
1
𝑦 = − 𝑔𝑡 2 + 𝑣0𝑦 𝑡
2
𝑔
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝑢2
2𝑣𝑜2𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 → Motion’s equation
• in 𝑥 axis 𝑣⃑0𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑣0 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
1
𝑦= 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑔
𝑦= 𝑢 → Motion’s equation
2𝑣0𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
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3. The laws of motion
∑ 𝐹⃑
𝑎⃑ ∝
𝑚
∑ 𝐹⃑ = 𝑚𝑎⃑
𝑎⃑
𝐹⃑12 = − 𝐹⃑21
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4. Circular Motion
𝑣⃑
𝑎⃑
∑ 𝐹⃑ = 𝑚𝑎⃑𝑐
∑ 𝐹⃑
𝑣2
→ 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑚 = 𝑅𝑤 2
𝑟
𝑉
→ 𝑤= 𝑟
𝑟
𝑎
→ 𝛼=
𝑟
1 𝑤
𝑠 𝑓= =
→ 𝜃= 𝑇 2𝜋
𝑟
1 2𝜋
𝑇= =
𝑓 𝑤
𝑤 = 2𝜋𝑓
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5. Mechanics energy
𝐹 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 ( 𝑤 )
𝑤 = 𝐹⃑ ∙ 𝑑⃑ = 𝐹𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 {
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ( 𝑚 )
𝑥 𝑥𝑖 ; 𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝑤 = ∫𝑥 𝑓 𝐹𝑥 𝑑𝑥 {
𝑖 𝐹(𝑥 ) = 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
1
𝐾= 𝑚𝑣 2
2
𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
𝐸 =𝐾+𝑈
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6. Collisions
6.1 linear momentum
𝑃⃑⃑ = 𝑚𝑣⃑
When two object collisions
1. 𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑓
∑ 𝑚𝑖 𝑣𝑖 = ∑ 𝑚𝑓 𝑚𝑓
2. 𝐸𝑖 = 𝐸𝑓
𝑘𝑖 + 𝑣𝑖 = 𝑘𝑓 + 𝑣𝑓
6.2 Impulse
𝐼 = ∆𝑃 = 𝑃𝑓 − 𝑃𝑖 = 𝐹∆𝑡
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7.Rotation of a Rigid object about a fixed axis
𝑠
𝑆 = 𝑟ơ 𝑜𝑟 ơ =
𝑟
1
Ơ= ∝ 𝑡 2 + 𝜔𝑖 𝑡 + 𝜔𝑖 𝑡 + ơ𝑖
2
ơℓ −𝐸1
𝜔arg = ∆ơ =
∆𝑡
ℓℓ −𝑡𝑖
𝜔𝑗 = 𝑎𝑡 + 𝜔𝑖
∆ơ dơ
ω = lim =
∆t→0 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∆𝜔 𝜔ʃ 𝜔𝑖
∝𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = −
∆𝑡 𝜔ʃ 𝑡𝑖
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∆𝜔 𝑑𝜔 𝑑2ơ
∝ = lim = =
∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2
7.4 Torque
𝜏⃗ = 𝑟⃗ × 𝐹⃗
𝐼 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖 𝑟𝑖2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑚
1
𝑘𝑟 = 𝑖𝑤 2
2
1
So the kinetic energy = 𝑘𝑟 = 𝑖𝜔2
2
𝐿 =𝑟∗𝑝
𝐿 = 𝑖𝜔
∆∟ = 0
𝑠𝑜 𝐼𝑖 𝜔𝑖 = 𝐼𝑗 𝜔𝑗 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
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8. Universal Gravitation
𝑚1 𝑚2
F=G
r2
G = 6.674 * 10−11 N. m2 / kg 2
GMe GMe
g= so at the altitude h g =
r2 (Re+h)2
𝑟
∆u = 𝑢𝑗− 𝑢𝑖 = − ∫𝑟 𝑗 𝐹 (𝑟)𝑑𝑟
𝑖
𝐺𝑖 𝑚1𝑚2
𝑢(𝑟) =
𝑟
2𝐺𝑀2
𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑐 = √
𝑅2
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9. Fluid Mechanics
𝑓
P=P { f= Force (N)
𝑎
P= Pressure ( 𝑝𝑎 )(n/m2 )
ɦ = depth (m)
𝑝1= 𝑝2
𝑓1= 𝑓2
𝐴1= 𝐴2
𝑝0= ʃ𝑢𝑔 𝑔ℎ
g = 9.81 m/s 2
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9.5 Buoyant Forces: B
B =ʃ𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑔 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝
1 1 2
𝑝1+ pv + ʃɡℎ1 = 𝑝2+ ʃ𝑣2 + ʃɡℎ2
2 2
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 ( 𝑝𝑎 )
ʃ = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 (𝑘𝑔/m3
𝑚
𝑉 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 ( )
𝑠
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 (𝑚)
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2.OSCILLATIOINS AND MECHANICAL WAVES
10. Oscillatory Motion
𝑘
𝑥 ′′ + 𝑥=0
𝑚
𝑘 √𝑘
𝑥 ′′ + =𝑤
𝑚 𝑚
𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
𝑉 (𝑡 ) = = −𝐴wCos(wt + ø) so 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴𝑤
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
𝑎 (𝑡 ) = − 𝐴𝑤 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛(wt + ø) so 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴𝑤 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑔
Ơ′′+ 𝑥 = 0
ℓ
𝑔 𝑔
w 2 + = 𝑤√
ℓ ℓ
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𝑑ø(𝑡)
W(t) = = ơ𝑚 𝑤 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑤𝑡 + ø ) 𝑠𝑜 𝑤𝑚 = ơ𝑚 𝑤
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
D(t)= = -ơ𝑚 w 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑤𝑡 + ø ) so 𝑑𝑚 = ơ𝑚 w 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑚𝑔𝑑
𝜃̈ + 𝜃=0
𝐼
2
𝑚𝑔𝑑 𝑚𝑔𝑑
𝜔 = => 𝜔 = √
𝐼 𝐼
𝜃(𝑡) = 𝜃𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡 + ∅)
𝑑𝜃
𝜔 (𝑡 ) =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜔 𝑑 2 𝜃
𝛼 (𝑡 ) = =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
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10.4 Force Oscillations
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11. Wave motion
𝑉=
𝑇
: wavelength (m)
f: frequency (Hz)
T: period (s)
t time
𝑇
𝑉 = √ Where: T, Tension in string (N)
𝜇
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12. Sound wave
∆𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐵𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐾
Where B: Bulk modulus
K: Wave number
𝐵
𝑉 = √ Where B: Bulk modulus of gas
𝜌
: Density of gas
𝑇𝑐
𝑉 = 331√1 +
273
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(𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐼= =
𝐴 4𝜋𝑟 2
12.5 Sound level in Decibels
𝐼
𝛽 = 10 log
𝐼0
Where 𝐼0 = 1.00 × 10−12 𝑤⁄𝑚2
𝑣 + 𝑣0
𝑓′ = ( )𝑓
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑠
V: Speed of the sound
f: frequency of source
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4.ELECTRICITY
13. Electricity
𝑞1 𝑞2
𝐹⃗ = 𝑘𝑒 𝑟⃗
𝑟2
1 2
𝑘𝑒 = × 109 = 8.988 × 109 𝑁𝑚 ⁄𝑐 2 (Coulomb constant)
4𝜋𝜀0
𝐹 = |𝑞|𝐸
𝑑𝑞
𝐸⃑⃗ = 𝑘𝑒 ∫ 𝑟⃗
𝑟2
𝑞
𝐸⃑⃗ = 𝑘𝑒 𝑟⃗
𝑟2
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14. Gauss' law
= 𝐸⃑⃗ ∙ 𝐴⃗
= 𝐸𝐴 cos 𝜃
A: Area (m2)
𝐸 = ∮ 𝐸⃑⃗ 𝑑𝐴⃗
𝑞𝑖𝑛
𝑒 = ∫ 𝐸⃑⃗𝑑𝐴⃗ =
𝜀0
The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conductor, whether the
conductor is solid or hollow.
If the conductor is isolated and carries a charge, the charge resides on the
surface.
The electric field at a point just outside a charge conductor is perpendicular of
𝜎
the surface of the conductor and has a magnitude , where is the surface
𝜖0
charge density at that point.
On an irregularly shaped conductor, the surface charge density is greatest at
locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest.
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Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS 8TH EDITION
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