CORROSIVES

CORROSIVES

• They have certain characteristics common to nearly all of them

 Burning pain
 Mouth & lips discolored
 Stomach & oesophagus inflamed & ulcerated
 Constipation is common (with acid corrosive)
 Diarrhea is common (with alkali corrosive)
 Death is due to shock from the local corrosive action except in few of them (oxalic and
carbolic acids) death is caused after absorption.
CORROSIVES

• They are substances that cause destruction following exposure

to mucous membranes.
Types :
a)Inorganic corrosives:-
• Acids e.g. H2SO4, Hcl, HNO3
• Alkalis e.g. NaoH- KOH- K2Co3- NH4OH and NH3.
ACIDS CORROSIVE
SULFURIC ACID

• Sulfuric acid is a mineral acid with molecular formula

H₂SO₄. It is a colorless odorless syrupy liquid that is
soluble in water, in a reaction that is highly exothermic.
Its corrosiveness can be mainly ascribed to its strong
acidic nature.
SULFURIC ACID

• Drops of concentrated sulfuric acid

rapidly decompose a piece of cotton
towel by dehydration.
• Notice the black discolouration.
SULFURIC ACID SKIN BURN
EFFECT OF CONC. SULFURIC ACID INGESTION
STOMACH, NECROTIZING ESOPHAGITIS AND GASTRITIS,
SULFURIC ACID INGESTED AS SUICIDE ATTEMPT
HYDROCHLORIC ACID

• Hydrochloric acid is a corrosive, strong

mineral acid with many industrial uses. A
colorless, highly pungent solution of
hydrogen chloride in water, when it
reacts with an organic base it forms a
hydrochloride salt.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HYDROCHLORIC ACID (REDNESS)
NITRIC ACID

• Nitric acid, also known as aqua fortis

and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive
mineral acid. The pure compound is
colorless, but older samples tend to
acquire a yellow cast due to
decomposition into oxides of nitrogen Nitric acid 70%

and water.
Fuming nitric acid contaminated
with yellow nitrogen dioxide
NITRIC ACID SKIN BURN (YELLOW ESCHARS)
ALKALIS CORROSIVE
SODIUM HYDROXIDE

• Sodium hydroxide, also known as

lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic
compound with the formula NaOH.
It is a white solid ionic compound
consisting of sodium cations Na⁺
and hydroxide anions OH
SODIUM HYDROXIDE

• Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that

decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient
temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is
highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture
and carbon dioxide from the air.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

• Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic

compound with the formula KOH,
and is commonly called caustic
potash.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE ON EYE
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

• Perioral burns from ingestion

of a drain cleaner containing
potassium hydroxide
• Causing white eschars.
ALKALIS CORROSIVE EFFECT ON SKIN
AMMONIA

• Is a strong volatile corrosive having penetrating odor.

• Accidental poisoning occurs from inhalation of the conc. Fumes
as occurs in cases of breakage of bottle of the conc. Liquid in
laboratories and similar places.
FIBEROPTIC ENDOSCOPY FOR GRADING OF
ESOPHAGEAL & GASTRIC LESIONS

Grade 0 ( No visible lesion)

Grade I (Erythema + Edema) Superficial
Grade II ( Ulceration ‘Penetrate
mucosa”)
Grade III ( Total destruction of mucosa ,
trans mural involvement)
Grade IV ( Perforation)
CORROSIVE ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE
(COMMON WITH ALKALI CORROSIVE)
ORGANIC ACID
CORROSIVES
 CARBOLIC ACID (PHENOL)

• Is an aromatic organic compound,

present in disinfectant
• It is a white crystalline solid that is
volatile.
• It is mildly acidic and cause
chemical burns.
• It has a local & a remote effects.
OXALIC ACID

• It is used for metal polish and removing

ink stain
• Is one of the organic acid corrosives
Mistaken by children for sugar or salt
Whitish crystals
• It has local & remote effect
It cause hypocalcemia by the formation of ca
oxalate
 ACETONITRITE

• A Component of some artificial –nail glue removers

• It is one of the sources of cyanide
• Having a corrosive effect
• Causing skin
Bullae if come in contact with skin.