Advances in Near-surface Seismology

and Ground-penetrating Radar

Geophysical Developments Series No. 15

Edited by
Richard D. Miller
John H. Bradford
Klaus Holliger

Rebecca B. Latimer, managing editor

press. Environmental
and Engineering
An imprint of
the American Geophysical Union
Geophysical Society

SOCIETY OF EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS,

The international society of applied geophysics
Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Contents
About the Editors « ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction ...... xiii

Section 1: Reviews

Chapter 1: Joint Inversion of Crosshole GPR and Seismic Traveltime Data ... 1
Niklas Linde and Joseph A. Doetsch

Chapter 2: Estimation of Near-surface Shear-wave Velocity and Quality Factor

by Inversion of High-frequency Rayleigh Waves 17
Jianghai Xia and Richard D. Miller

Chapter 3: Investigation and Use of Surf ace-wave Characteristics

for Near-surface Applications 37
Yixian Xu, Yinhe Luo, Qing Liang, Liming Wang, Xianhai Song, Jiangping Liu, ^
Chao Chen, and Hanming Gu

Chapter 4: Advances in Surface-wave and Body-wave Integration 55

Laura Valentina Socco, Daniele Boiero, Sebastiano Foti, and Claudio Piatti

Section 2: Methodology

Chapter 5: Inversion for the Stochastic Structure of Subsurface Velocity Heterogeneity

from Surface-based Geophysical Reflection Images 77
James Irving, Marie Scholer, and Klaus Holliger

Chapter 6: Toward True-amplitude Vector Migration of GPR Data

Using Exact Radiation Patterns 97
J. van der Kruk, R. Streich, and M. Grasmueck

Chapter 7: Multiple-scale-porosity Wavelet Simulation Using GPR Tomography

and Hydrogeophysical Analogs 117
Erwan Gloaguen, Bernard Giroux, Denis Marcotte, Camille Dubreuil-Boisclair,
and Patrick Tremblay-Simard

Chapter 8: Estimating In Situ Horizontal Stress in Soil

Using Time-lapse V s Measurements 131
Ranajit Ghose

Chapter 9: Analysis of the Velocity Dispersion and Attenuation Behavior

of Multifrequency Sonic Logs 153
Ludovic Baron and Klaus Holliger .
vi Advances in Near-surface Seismology and Ground-penetrating Radar

Chapter 10: Permittivity Structure Derived from Group Velocities

of Guided GPR Pulses 167
Matthew M. Haney, Kathryn T. Decker, and John H. Bradford
r
Chapter 11: Sensitivity Studies of Fundamental- and Higher-mode Rayleigh-wave
Phase Velocities in Some Specific Near-surface Scenarios 185
Carlos Calderon-Madas and Barbara Luke

Chapter 12: Void Detection Using Near-surface Seismic Methods 201

Steven D. Sloan, Shelby L. Peterie, Julian Ivanov, Richard D. Miller, and Jason R. McKenna

Chapter 13: Inversion Methodology of Dispersive Amplitude and Phase versus Offset
of GPR Curves (DAPVO) for Thin Beds 219
Jacques Departs and Stephane Garambois

Chapter 14: Characterizing the Near Surface with .

Detailed Refraction Attributes 233
Derecke Palmer

Chapter 15: Direct Determination of Electric Permittivity and Conductivity

from Air-launched GPR Surface-reflection Data 251
Evert Slob and Sebastien Lambot

Chapter 16: Theory of Viscoelastic Love Waves and their Potential Application
to Near-surface Sensing of Permeability 263
Paul Michaels and Vijay Gottumukkula

Section 3: Integrative Approaches

Chapter 17: High-resolution Seismic Imaging of Near-surface Fault Structures

within the Upper Rhine Graben, Germany 281
Patrick Musmann and Hermann Buness

Chapter 18: High-resolution SH-wave Seismic Reflection for Characterization of Onshore

Ground Conditions in the Trondheim Harbor, Central Norway 297
Ulrich Polom, Louise Hansen, Guillaume Sauvin, Jean-Sebastien L'Heureux, Isabelle Lecomte,
Charlotte M. Krawczyk, Maarten Vanneste, and Oddvar Longva

Chapter 19: Integrated Hydrostratigraphic Interpretation of 3D Seismic-reflection

and Multifold Pseudo-3D GPR Data 313
John H. Bradford . /

Chapter 20: Refraction Nonuniqueness Studies at Levee Sites Using

the Refraction-tomography and JARS Methods 327
Julian Ivanov, Richard D. Miller, Jianghai Xia, Joseph B. Dunbar, and Shelby Peterie '
Section 4: Case Studies '

Chapter 21: Near-surface Shear-wave Velocity Measurements for Soft-soil Earthquake-hazard

Assessment: Some Canadian Mapping Examples 339
J. A. Hunter, D. Motazedian, H. L. Crow, G. R. Brooks, R. D. Miller, A. J.-M. Pugin,
S. E. Pullan, and J. Xia

Chapter 22: Integrating Seismic-velocity Tomograms and Seismic Imaging:

Application to the Study of a Buried Valley 361
Femi O. Ogunsuyi and Douglas R. Sehmitt

Chapter 23: Estimation of Chalk Heterogeneity from Stochastic Modeling Conditioned by

Crosshole GPR Traveltimes and Log Data , 379
Lars Nielsen, Majken C. Looms, Thomas M. Hansen, Knud S. Cordua, and Lars Stemmerik

Chapter 24: Clayey Landslide Investigations Using Active

and Passive Vs Measurements 397
F. Renalier, G. Bievre, D. Jongmans, M. Campillo, and P.-Y. Bard

Chapter 25: Detecting Perched Water Bodies Using Surface-seismic

Time-lapse Traveltime Tomography 415
David Gaines, Gregory S. Baker, Susan S. Hubbard, David Watson, Scott Brooks, and Phil Jardine
/
Chapter 26: Composite Moveout Correction to a Shallow Mixed Reflection/Refraction GPR Phase 429
J. F. Hermance, R. W. Jacob, and R. N. Bohidar

Chapter 27: Improving Fractured-rock Characterization Using

Time-frequency Analysis of GPR Data Sets 435
Mehrez Elwaseif, Lee Slater, Mamdouh Soliman, and Hany Salah

Chapter 28: Application of the Spatial-autocorrelation Microtremor-array Method for

Characterizing S-wave Velocity in the Upper 300 m of Salt Lake Valley, Utah 447
William J. Stephenson and Jack K. Odum

Chapter 29: Integrated Approach for Surface-wave Analysis from Near Surface to Bedrock 461
Ali Ismet Kanll

Index ........... 477