Lesson Plan

Lesson: Kc for Homogeneous System

Aim :

To study the equilibrium constant, Kc for a homogeneous system.

Learning Outcomes :
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. define homogeneous system.

2. deduce an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc in terms of concentration.

3. calculate the value of Kc in terms of equilibrium concentration of reactants and

products.

4. relate Kc and Kc’.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with :

1. the concept of reversible reactions.

2. the following properties of a chemical system at equilibrium :
a. the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant.
b. the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Underlying Principles
1. Making the invisible, visible.
2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation
Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.
© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 5
Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction. • Teacher to use Activity 1 to help students

(Ascertaining prior recall the concept of a homogeneous
knowledge and system.
introducing lesson
topic for the day). • Teacher to point out lesson objectives for
the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 2 - 4 with • Courseware

the students.

• Activity 2 : Derivation of the

equilibrium constant, Kc.
Students are shown how the expression
for the equilibrium constant, Kc is derived
from the relationship between the rates of
the forward and reverse reactions when
the reacting system is at a state of
chemical equilibrium.

• Activity 3 : More calculations of Kc

Students get to go through a few

examples of how the Kc value can be
calculated given the initial concentrations
of the reactants and the equilibrium
concentration of either one of the
reactants or products.

• Activity 4 : The relationship for Kc and

Kc’.

Students are led to understand the

relationship between the equilibrium
constant of the forward reaction, Kc and
that of the reverse reaction ie. Kc’.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to go through the extension • Websites

activities on their own. • Reference
books.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 5

Worksheet answers

1. Homogeneous system

1.1 one

1.2 c, d & f

1. Derivation of the equilibrium constant, Kc.

[Cu 2+ ][NH3 ] 4
2.1 a. Kc = 2+
; mol4 dm−12
[ Cu(NH3 ) 4 ]

[NO 2 ] 2
b. Kc = ; mol dm−3
[ N2 O 4 ]

[SO 3 ] 2
a. Kc = 2
; mol−1 dm3
[ SO 2 ] [ O 2 ]

[ CH3 CO 2 C 2H 5 ][ H 2 O]
d. Kc = ; no unit
[C 2H5 OH ][CH3 CO 2H]

0.0212
2.2 Kc =
0.01
= 4.41 x 10-2 mol dm−3

0.04
2.3 [PCl3] = = 0.02 mol dm−3
2
0.04
[Cl2] = = 0.02 mol dm−3
2
0.0042
[PCl5] = = 0.0021 mol dm−3
2
0.02 x 0.02
Kc =
0.021
= 1.9 mol dm−3

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 5

3. More calculations of Kc

3.1 CH3COOH(l) + C2H5OH(l) CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l)

Initial
1 1 0 0
amount/mol

Amount
- - x x
formed/mol

Amount
x x - -
reacted/mol

Equilibrium
1-x 1-x x x
amount/mol

x2
Kc =
(1 − x )2
x2
4.0 =
(1 − x )2
2
x = or 2
3

The second value is unacceptable since it is greater than the initial amount of acid
and alcohol.
2
Hence the amount of formed is of ethyl ethanoate is moles.
3

3.2 a. CH3COOH(l) + C2H5OH(l) CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l)

Initial
1.00 1.00 0 0
amount/mol

Amount
- - 0.57 0.57
formed/mol

Amount
0.43 0.43 - -
reacted/mol

Equilibrium
0.43 0.43 0.57 0.57
amount/mol

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 4 of 5

 0.57 x 0.57
b. Kc = = 1.76
0.43 x 0.43

Concentration = number of moles /volume

0.57 0.57
x
Kc = v v
0.43 0.43
x
v v
Units of volume can be cancelled off, so the concentration is changed to
number of moles.

c. The units of concentration cancel off.

3.3
A + 2B C + D

Initial amount
3 4 0 0
/mol

Amount
- - 1 1
formed/mol

Amount
1 2 - -
reacted/mol

Equilibrium 1
3 -1 2 1
amount/mol

1 1
x
1 1
Kc = 2
2 2
x
1 1

= 0.125 mol-1 dm3

4. The relationship for Kc and Kc’

[Cl 2 ][CO]
4.1 a. Kc =
[COCl 2 ]
[COCl 2 ]
Kc’ =
[Cl 2 ][CO]

b. Kc x Kc’ = 1

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 5 of 5