Lesson Plan

Lesson: Introduction to Ionic Equilibrium

Aim :

To study ionic equilibrium.

Learning Outcomes :

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to :

1. define an aqueous system.

2. define acids and bases in terms of :

a. Arrhenius theory
b. Brønsted-Lowry theory
c. Lewis theory.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with ionic and covalent compounds.

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

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Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction. • Teacher to get students to state the

(Ascertaining prior conditions needed for reactions to occur.
knowledge and
introducing lesson • Teacher to introduce lesson objectives for
topic for the day). the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 4 • Courseware

with the students.

• Activity 1 : The aqueous system.

Students get to investigate how aqueous

solutions are formed from ionic and
covalent compounds.

• Activity 2 : Arrhenius theory

Students are introduced to the Arrhenius
definitions of acids and bases.

• Activity 3 : Brønsted-Lowry theory

Students are introduced to the Brønsted-

Lowry definitions of acids and bases.
They also learn how to identify the acid-
base conjugate pairs.

• Activity 4 : Lewis theory

Students are introduced to the Lewis

definitions of acids and bases.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to go through the extension • Websites

activities on their own. • Reference
books.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 3

Worksheet answers

1. Acid – base system

1.1 a. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH–

base acid c.a c.b

b. HNO3 + OH– NO3– + H2O

acid base c.b c.a

c.a = conjugate acid

c.b = conjugate base

1.2 a. OH–(aq) + H+(aq) H2O(l)

b. HSO3–(aq) + H+(aq) H2SO3(aq)

1.3 a. HCO2H(aq) H+(aq) + HCO2–(aq)

b. H2O(l) H+(aq) + OH–(aq)

1.4 a. BF3 – acid, electron pair acceptor.

NH3 – base, electron pair donor.

b. H+ – acid, electron pair acceptor.

OH– – base, electron pair donor.

1.5 An acid ionises in water to produce H+ ions. A base ionises in water to produce
OH− ions.
HCl is an Arrhenius acid.
NaOH is an Arrhenius base.

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