Physiology Laboratory Conference: Endocrine Physiology

AY 2017-2018
3rd Shifting Exam 04/02/2018

OUTLINE

Note: For long outlines, use two columns to save space for main D. DISCUSSION
content. For short outlines, just merge the two columns.
Baseline Rat/ No Intervention
OBJECTIVES  Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
 the “minimum energy expenditure for the body to exist.”
Note: If no learning objectives were given during the lecture, either  Metabolic Rate = mL O2 per hour/ weight in kg
use the ones in the handout given or delete this portion altogether  Thyroid Hormone (TH)
 Increases O2 consumption due to increased metabolic
I. HORMONES AND METABOLISM activity
 Increases ATP utilization
A. OBJECTIVES  Increases efficiency of ATP synthesis
 Increases metabolic activity in brown fat (Increases
 To explain the terms metabolism, basal metabolic rate (BMR), expression of UCP-1 or thermogenin)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine, goiter,
hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroidectomized, and Thyroxine/ T4
hypophysectomized;  Most numerously produced by the thyroid gland but less potent
 To determine and compare the BMRs of a normal, than T3.
thyroidectomized, and hypophysectomized rat;  Exerts negative feedback for all rats’ hypothalamus and pituitary
 To observe how negative feedback mechanisms regulate gland, and on the thyroid gland.
hormone release;  Injection of thyroxine to normal rat increased the relative
 To determine thyroxine’s role in maintaining the BMR; amount of thyroid hormone which cause the increase in
 To determine the effect of TSH on the BMR; and metabolic rate
 To understand the role of the hypothalamus in regulating the  Thyroidectomized rats = no thyroid hormones = no TH
secretion of thyroxine and TSH. synthesis and secretion
 But exogenous source like injecting thyroxine increases the
B. METHODOLOGY BMR as well
 Hypophysectomized rats = no TSH secretion = no stimulation
1. For the different setups (baseline/ no intervention, T4, TSH, for thyroid hormone synthesis and release;
and PTU), weigh the rats.  But exogenous source like injecting thyroxine increases the
a. For the latter three set-ups, inject the rats first with BMR as well
the intervention before Step 1.  TH synthesis, not just depends on TSH but also in iodine
2. Place them in a closed ventilation for 1 minute. levels in the plasma.
3. Measure oxygen consumption per minute using the difference
in the arms of the U-shaped tube.
4. Compute for oxygen consumption per hour and baseline Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
metabolic rate (BMR).  most important regulator of thyroid gland function and growth
O2 consumption per hour= (O2 consumption per minute)*(60)  stimulate every aspect of thyroid function
Metabolic Rate = mL O2 per hour/ weight in kg  TSH stimulated the thyroid gland to release TH which increase
5. Do the same for thyroidectomized and hypophysectomized the rat’s BMR
rats.
 Thyroidectomized rats= no target organ for TSH also no gland
that will produce TH  decreased BMR
C. RESULTS  Hypophysectomized rat = no TSH
 The values of the results vary per group.  Injection of TSH cause an increase in BMR compared to the
Baseline T4 TSH PTU baseline BMR.
Normal 1697.21 2031.87 1927.71 1440  There would be no production of TSH due to the absence of
Tx 1524.59 1942.62 1567.35 1508.97 the pituitary gland. But upon administration of TSH, the
Hypox 1567.35 1934.69 1918.03 1496.32 thyroid gland is stimulated to secrete TH, increasing the
BMR.
When compared to the baseline rat:
Baseline T4 TSH PTU
Normal 1697.21 Increased Increased Decreased
Tx 1524.59 Increased Increased Decreased
Hypox 1567.35 Increased Increased Decreased
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