DOA: 11-02-10 DOT: 24-02-10

DOS: 24-02-10

Part – A

Q1. Start the Window Calculator. Type 5,00,000 – 1,000=(the comma is Important).
Look at the result. Is this a Bug? If yes why if not justify?

Ans: - Yes, it is a bug. In windows vista calculator, when the user tries to insert a comma, the
system takes it as a point by default. For example, if we try to write 5,00,000 the system will read it
as 5.00.000. and if we try to perform the operation 5,00,000 - 1,00,000, the result is 4 which is
definitely a bug.

Q2. How can you combine features of code & fix model and waterfall model to get
better output while implementing a project. Also give an appropriate reason to
support your answer?

Ans: - The code and fix model contains 2 steps:

• Write some code

• Fix the problems in the code.

Some of the features of this model are:

• It is not really a model; it is more “lack of model”.

• It is probably the model which is used theoretically.

• It is only suitable for short programs which do not require maintenance.

• It is unsatisfactory for large projects.

Q3. Is it Possible to have High Quality and Low-Reliability Product? What might an
example be?

Ans: - Quality is associated with the degree of conformance of the product to customer
requirements, and thus, in a sense, with the degree of customer satisfaction. Implicit in Japanese
quality products is an acceptable amount of reliability; that is, the product performs its intended
function over its intended life under normal environmental and operating conditions. Reliability
assessments are incorporated through simulation and qualification functions at the design and
prototyping stages. With basic reliability designed in, quality control functions are then
incorporated into the production line using in-line process controls and reduced human
intervention through automation. Reliability assurance tasks such as qualification are conducted
during the product design phase using analytical simulation methods and design-for-assembly
software, and during development using prototype or pilot hardware. Once again, it is the role of
quality assurance to ensure reliability. Qualification includes activities to ensure that the nominal
design and manufacturing specifications meet the reliability targets. In some cases, such as the
Yamagata Fujitsu hard disk drive plant, qualification of the manufacturing processes and of the
pilot lots is conducted together.

Quality conformance for qualified products is accomplished through monitoring and control of
critical parameters within the acceptable variations already established, perhaps during
qualification. Quality conformance, therefore, helps to increase product yield and consequently to
lower product cost.

Q4. Elaborate the relation between effectiveness of testing with other phases of
software development, Verify?

Ans: - Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information

about the quality of the product or service under test. Software Testing also provides an objective,
independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks at
implementation of the software. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of
executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs.

Software Testing can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software
program/application/product:

• meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and development;

• works as expected; and

• Can be implemented with the same characteristics.

Software Testing, depending on the testing method employed can be implemented at any time in
the development process. However, most of the test effort occurs after the requirements have been
defined and the coding process has been completed. As such, the methodology of the test is
governed by the Software Development methodology adopted.

Q5. If you are testing a program’s ability to print using printer as hardware, what
generic test-to-fail test cases might be appropriate?

Ans: -
Part – B

Q6. Taking a real life example compare and contrast two models waterfall and spiral,
write the situation in which it is difficult to use these models?

Ans: -

WATERFALL MODEL

The waterfall model is a sequential software development process, in which progress is seen as
flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation,
Analysis, Design (validation), Construction, Testing and Maintenance.

The waterfall development model has its origins in the manufacturing and construction industries;
highly structured physical environments in which after-the-fact changes are prohibitively costly, if
not impossible. Since no formal software development methodologies existed at the time, this
hardware-oriented model was simply adapted for software development.

SPIRAL MODEL

Spiral model consists of 5 iterative cycles. It can be considered as the generalization of other
process models. Each cycle consists of 4 steps:

1 (a) Identify the objectives

(b) Identify the alternative means of implementing this portion of the product.

(c) Identify the constraints imposed on the application of the alternatives.

2 (a) Evaluate the alternatives relative to objects and constraints

(b) Evaluate the risks involved with each alternative.

(c) Resolve the risks using prototyping, simulation, benchmarking, requirement analysis etc.

3 (a) Develop and verify the product

(b) Product can be software requirements specification, the design of the specification, etc.

4 (a) Plan for the next phase.

(b) Depending on the next phase. This could be a requirement plan, an integration and test plan
etc.
Q7. ”Software testing is a trade-off between Quality, Time and Budget.” Verify?

Ans: - Yes, we can say that software testing is a trade-off between quality, time and budget
because all these three factors are dependent on each other if we talk in terms of software testing.
During software testing, we check for the bugs present in the software. Good software is one that
contains minimum number of bugs or errors. In order to reduce the number of bugs in the
software, we need to test it again and again. This continuous testing requires a lot of time and
budget. The more a tester is available of time and budget, the better the quality of the software is
produced. If the tester is not available of any of the constraint i.e. time or budget, then he might not
be able to test the software properly and the resultant software is of poor quality.

So, in order to get a good quality product, there should be a compromise with time and money.

Q8. Name Several Tasks that should be performed by a programmer before writing
first line of code?

Ans: - Several Tasks that should be performed by a programmer before writing first line of code
are:-

1) Start with a plan.

2) Figure out how to access your stuff.

3) He should keep in mind that things are always as they appear.

4) There is not just one right way.

5) Discuss with the team.