AP Chem Name ___________________________________________________________________________________ Date 2/13/18

Acid-Base Exam Time start: __________ Time End: ________ (75 minutes)

1. H3PO2, H3PO3, and H3PO4 are monoprotic, diprotic and triprotic acids, respectively, and they are about equal strong
acids.

HClO2, HClO3, and HClO4 are all monoprotic acids, but HClO2 is a weaker acid than HClO3 which is weaker than HClO4.

Account for:
(a) The fact that the molecules of the three phosphorus acids can provide different numbers of protons. Be sure to
include a Lewis Dot Structure for each of the phosphorus acids in your explanation.

(b) The fact that the three chlorine acids differ in strengths.

2. Explain why the pH of a 1.0x10-7 M solution of hydrochloric acid is 6.70, and not 7.00. Be sure to show any
calculations necessary to explain.

3. Methylamine CH3NH2, is a weak base that ionizes in solution as shown by the following equation.
CH3NH2 + H2O ↔ CH3NH3+ + OH–
(a) At 25ºC the percent ionization in a 0.160 molar solution of CH3NH2 is 4.7%. Calculate [OH–], [CH3NH3+],
[CH3NH2], [H3O+], and the pH of a 0.160 molar solution of CH3NH2 at 25ºC.

(b) Calculate the value for Kb, the ionization constant for CH3NH2, at 25ºC.

(c) 6.85 g of methyl ammonium chloride, CH3NH3Cl, is dissolved in 500.0 ml of water, determine its pH. Be sure to
show the reaction occurring and all necessary calculations.

(d) A student on their exam writes the formula for methyl ammonium as CH4NH2+1. Explain why this would be
incorrect based upon Lewis dot diagrams. Further, explain how methylamine can satisfy both the definition of
a Bronsted-Lowry base and a Lewis Base.

4. Give a brief explanation for each of the following.

(a) For the diprotic acid H2S, the first dissociation constant is larger than the second dissociation constant by about
105 (K1 ~ 105 K2).
(b) In water, KOH is a base, but HOCl is an acid.
(c) When each is dissolved in water, HCl is a much stronger acid than HF.

5. HOBr(aq) ↔ H+(aq) + OBr–(aq) Ka = 2.3x10–9

Hypobromous acid, HOBr, is a weak acid that dissociates in water, as represented by the equation above.
(a) Calculate the value of [H+] in an HOBr solution that has a pH of 4.95.
(b) Write the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of HOBr in water, then calculate the concentration
of HOBr(aq) in an HOBr solution that has [H+] equal to 1.8x10–5 M.
(c) Would the Ka for HOI be greater than, less than or equal to that of HOBr? Explain your reasoning.