1.

Guided media provides a conduit from one device to another, includes

A. twisted pair cable

B. fiber optic cable
C. coaxial cable
D. All of above

2. Electromagnetic waves ranging in frequencies between 3 kHz and 1 GHz are

called

A. High frequency
B. Infrared
C. Microwaves
D. radio waves

3. Transmission media lie below the _______ layer.

A. Application
B. Transport
C. Network
D. Physical

4. A(n) _______ medium provides a physical conduit from one device to another.

A. Unguided
B. Guided
C. either (a) or (b)
D. none of the above

5. Transmission media are usually categorized as _______.

A. determinate or indeterminate
B. fixed or unfixed
C. guided or unguided
D. metallic or non-metallic

6. Which of the following are examples of radiated media?

A. Radio
B. Satellite
C. Microwave
D. All of above
 7. ---------are used for short-range communications such as those between a PC and
a peripheral device.

A. Radio waves
B. Infrared waves
C. Microwaves
D. none of the above

8. _________ Media transport electromagnetic waves without the use of a physical

conductor.

A. Guided
B. Unguided
C. Either (a) or (b)
D. None of the above

9. Which of the following primarily uses guided media?

A. radio broadcasting
B. Satellite communications
C. local telephone system
D. cellular telephone system

9. Radio waves are _________

A. Unidirectional
B. Omnidirectional
C. Bidirectional
D. none of the above

11. Both station can transmit and receive data simultaneously in

A. simplex mode
B. Half duplex mode
C. Full duplex mode
D. None of Above

12. A television broadcast is an example of _______ transmission.

A) simplex
B) half-duplex
C) full-duplex
D) automatic
13. In _______ transmission, the channel capacity is shared by both communicating
devices at all times.

A) simplex
B) half-duplex
C) full-duplex
D) half-simplex

14. Data flow between two devices can occur in a _______ way.
A) simplex
B) half-duplex
C) full-duplex
D) all of the above

15. An example of half duplex transmission is

A. Referee's Whistle
B. Satellite Channel
C. Broadcast Radio
D. None of Above

16. In Simplex mode of transmission

A. Data Communication is one way
B. Data can be transmitted to small distances only
C. Data format is simple
D. None of the above

17. In Half Duplex Transmission

A. Data can be transmitted on one direction only
B. Data can be transmitted to long distances only
C. Data can be transmitted in both direction
D. None of the above

18. The interactive transmission of data within a time sharing system may be best
suited to
A. Simplex lines
B. Half-Duplex lines
C. Full-Duplex lines
D. Biflex-lines
19. Full Duplex operation
A. Requires two pairs of cables
B. Can transfer data in both directions at once
C. Requires modems at both ends
D. All of above

20. Communication one-way at a time is called

A. Full duplex
B. Half duplex
C. Simplex
D. Parallel transmission

21. How does CSMA/CD react to collisions?

A. All systems jam the network, and then all begin transmitting again.
B. Hosts involved in a collision send an RTS signal indicating a time frame in which
to retransmit.
C. Hosts involved in the collision send a jam signal, and then run an
algorithm before retransmitting.
D. Collisions do not occur on CSMA/CD.

22. Which one of the following is the multiple access protocol for channel access
control?
A. CSMA/CD
B. CSMA/CA
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the mentioned

23. Which one of the following is a data link protocol?

A. Ethernet
B. point to point protocol
C. HDLC
D. all of the mentioned

24. The data link layer takes the packets from _____ and encapsulates them into
frames for transmission.
A. network layer
B. physical layer
C. transport layer
D. application layer
25. Which one of the following task is not done by data link layer?
A. framing
B. error control
C. flow control
D. channel coding

26. Which sublayer of the data link layer performs data link functions that depend upon
the type of medium?
A. logical link control sublayer
B. media access control sublayer
C. network interface control sublayer
D. none of the mentioned

27. -------------- is not a function of data link protocol

A. Media Access Control
B. Error Control
C. Message Delineation
D. Amplitude Shift Keying

28. In …... each packet of a message need not follow the same path from sender to
receiver.
A. Packet Switching
B. Message Switching
C. Virtual approach to packet switching
D. Datagram approach to packet switching

29. In …... each packet of a message need not follow the same path from sender to receiver.
A. Packet Switching
B. Message Switching
C. Virtual approach to packet switching
D. Datagram approach to packet switching

30. PSTN is an example of …… network

A. packet switched
B. circuit switched
C. message switched
D. None of Above.
31. Which one of the following is a data link protocol?
A. Ethernet
B. point to point protocol
C. hdlc
D. all of the mentioned

32. Header of a frame generally contains

A. Synchronization bytes
B. addresses
C. frame identifier
d) all of the mentioned
33. Virtual LAN is a service of ____layer
A. Local layer
B. Network Layer
C. Transport Layer
D. Data link layer

34. Encapsulation of packets into frames

A. Error control
B. QoS control
C. Flow control
D. All of the above

35. Data transmitted in Data link layer is in

A. Packets
B. Frames
C. Segment
D. Electromagnetic signals

36. The Data link layer is concerned with?

A. Delivery of Packets
B. Local delivery of frames between devices on the LAN segment
C. Internal delivery of segments
D. None of the above
37. Media Access control (MAC) which is 48 bits work at ____ layer
a. Layer 1
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 3
d. Layer 4

38. HDLC and SDLC operate at layer___.

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

39. What is error control in Data link layer of OSI model?

a. Retransmission of erroneous packets
b. Transmission of erroneous packets
c. Controlled erroneous packet transmission with encryption
d. None

40. In which layer of OSI do mechanisms include to detect and recover transmission
error?
a. Application layer
b. Transport layer
c. Physical layer
d. Data link layer

41. Which of the following is the Layer 2 protocol?

a. IP
b. IPX
c. OSPF
d. RIPv2
e. None of the above

42. In the _________ method, after the station finds the line idle, it sends its frame
immediately. If the line is not idle, it continuously senses the line until it finds it idle.
A) nonpersistent
B) 1-persistent
C) p-persistent
D) none of the above
43.In the ________method, a station that has a frame to send senses the line. If the
line is idle, it sends immediately. If the line is not idle, it waits a random amount of time
and then senses the line again.
A) nonpersistent
B) 1-persistent
C) p-persistent
D) none of the above

44.In the _______method, after the station finds the line idle it sends or refrain from
sending based on the outcome of a random number generator. If the line is busy, it tries
again.
A) nonpersistent
B) 1-persistent
C) p-persistent
D) none of the above

45. We have categorized access methods into _______ groups.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

46. In ___________ methods, no station is superior to another station and none is

assigned the control over another.
A) random access
B) controlled access
C) channelization
D) none of the above

47.To avoid collisions on wireless networks, ________was invented.

A) CSMA/CA
B) CSMA/CD
C) either (a) or (b)
D) both (a) and (b)

48. Header of a frame generally contains

A. Control information for transfer real data, like an
envelope of a letter
B. Real data
C. Both i) and ii)
D. None of the above
48. In a real-life network, data link protocols are implemented as

A. directional
B. unidirectional
C. bidirectional
D. omnidirectional

49. Data link layer in IEEE standard is divided into two sub layers of

A. MAC and ACKs

B. LAN and MAC
C. LLC and NLC
D. LLC and MAC

50. Which of the following device operates at data link layer?

A. Repeater
B. Router
C. Bridge
D. None of Above

51. ATM and frame relay are:

A. virtual circuit networks

B. datagram networks
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the mentioned

52. ATM can be used for

A. local area network

B. wide area network
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the mentioned
53. Frame relay has error detection at the

A. physical layer
B. data link layer
C. network layer
D. transport layer

54. Frame relay has only

A. physical layer
B. data link layer
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the mentioned

55. ________ is a virtual-circuit wide-area network that was designed in response to

demands for a new type of WAN in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

A) X.25
B) Frame Relay
C) ATM
D) None of the above

56. Frame Relay is very cheap than other

A. LANs
B. WANs
C. MANs
D. Multipoint Networks

57. Frame Relay networks offer an option called

A. Voice Over For Relay

B. Voice Over Fine Relay
C. Voice On Frame Relay
D. Voice Over Frame Relay

58. Frame Relay provides ________

A) PVCs
B) SVCs
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
59. In Frame Relay, when. ______ is selected, it requires establishing and terminating
phases
A) a PVC
B) an SVC
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
60. Frame relay is a type of
A. Packet switching
B. Circuit switching
C. ATM
D. All of above

61. A human ear can hear sounds in range

A. 40-40,000 Hz
B. 30-35 HZ
C. 20-20,000 HZ
D. 50-50,000 HZ

62. Bats can hear frequencies up to

A. 30,000 HZ
B. 120,000 Hz
C. 180,000 Hz
D. 15,000 HZ

63. The frequency range 30MHz-300MHz is

A. Very High frequency VHF

B. HF
C. MF
D. LF
64. The frequency range 3MHz-30MHz is
A. Very High frequency VHF
B. HF
C. MF
D. LF
65. The frequency range 300MHz-3000MHz is
A. Very High frequency VHF
B. UHF
C. MF
D. LF
66. If signal does not change at all, its frequency is

A. Zero
B. Maximum
C. Infinite
D. None of Above

67. Estimate the bandwidth of a signal with the following frequency spectrum.

a. 70Hz
b. 500Hz
c. 1200HZ
d. 200HZ

68. Frequency Range of FM Broadcast is:

a. 88-107 MHZ
b. 78-108 MHZ
c. 10-110 MHZ
d. 88-108MHZ

69. Range of frequencies contained in a composite signal is its

A. Wavelength
B. Bandwidth
C. amplitude
D. Composite
70. The path of channel may be

a. Physical
b. Logical
c. Both a & b
d. None of these

71. Signals with a frequency below 2 MHz use _______ propagation.

A. Ground
B. Sky
C. line-of-sight
D. None of the above

72. Signals with a frequency between 2 MHz and 30 MHz use ______ propagation.
A. Ground
B. Sky
C. line-of-sight
D. None of the above

73. Signals with a frequency above 30 MHz use _______propagation.

A. Ground
B. Sky
C. line-of-sight
D. None of the above

74. Which communication system needs a line of sight?

A. Satellite Communication
B. SW radio
C. AM radio
D. All of above

75. The line of sight (LOS) distance is the distance travelled by the …………….wave.
A. Diffracted
B. Scattered
C. Reflected
D. Direct
76. Which of the following communication uses line-of-sight propagation
a. VHF
b. UHF
c. None of Above
d. Both of Above

77. Terrestrial Microwave uses ……………………. Propagation

A. Surface Propagation
B. Skywave propagation
C. Line-of-sight propagation
D. Space Propagation

78. Frequencies in the UHF range propagate by means of

A. ground waves
B. sky waves
C. surface waves
D. space waves

79. By which name/s is an ionospheric propagation, also known as?

A. Sea wave propagation
B. Ground wave propagation
C. Sky wave propagation
D. All of the above

80. Which among the following is/are not present in free space?

A. Solid bodies
B. Ionized particles
C. Interference of normal radiation & radio wave propagation
D. All of the above

81. In real life, we cannot have a

A. Noisy Channel
B. Noiseless channel
C. Bandwidth of channel
D. Frequency of channel
82. Channel Capacity of Noisy channel is calculated by….
a. Shannon Channel Capacity Theorem
b. Nyquist Theorem
c. None of Above
d. Both of Above

83. List the factors affecting the signal interpretation

A. SNR
B. Bandwidth
C. Data rate
D. All of above

84. In electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication, reserved range for Radio
waves and microwaves is known as

A. ground propagation
B. sky propagation
C. line-of-sight propagation
D. None

85. Super High frequency (SHF) is used in

A. FM radio
B. satellite communication
C. AM radio
D. cellular phone

86. SNR (signal to noise ratio) is equals to

A. Avg signal power/Avg noise power

B. Avg signal power/Avg distortion
C. Avg noise power/Attenuation
D. Avg Attenuation/Avg distortion

87. Noise is added to a signal in a communication system

a. At the receiving end

b. At transmitting antenna
c. In the channel
d. During regeneration of the information
88. A signal is measured at two different points. The power is P1 at the first point and P2
at the second point. The dB is 0. This means _____

a. P2 is zero
b. P2 equals P1
c. P2 is much larger than P1
d. P2 is much smaller than P1

89. ______ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses strength due
to the resistance of the transmission medium.

a. Attenuation

b. Distortion

c. Noise

d. Decibel

90. A type of transmission impairment in which the signal changes its shape due to the
different propagation speeds of each frequency that makes up the signal.

a. Attenuation

b. Distortion

c. Noise

d. Decibel

91. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside source

corrupts a signal.

a. Attenuation

b. Distortion

c. Noise

d. Decibel
92. Using the Shannon formula to calculate the data rate for a given channel, if C = B,
then _______
a. The signal is less than the noise
b. The signal is greater than the noise
c. The signal is equal to the noise
d. Not enough information is given to answer the question

93. Modulation is done in …………..

1. Transmitter
2. Radio receiver
3. Between transmitter and radio receiver
4. None of the above

94. In amplitude modulation, the ………… of carrier is varied according to

the strength of the signal.
1. Amplitude
2. Frequency
3. Phase
4. None of the above

95. Demodulation is done in …………

1. Receiving antenna
2. Transmitter
3. Radio receiver
4. Transmitting antenna

96. The type of modulation used in the T.V picture transmission is

A. amplitude modulation
B. phase modulation
C. frequency modulation
D. phase or frequency modulation

97. In AM, which is the correct condition

A. Phase and frequency is constant
B. Phase and Amplitude is constant
C. Frequency and Amplitude is constant
D. None of above
98. In frequency modulation,
a. frequency of the carrier wave remains constant
b. amplitude of the carrier wave remains the same
c. both the frequency and amplitude of the carrier wave vary
d. signal is distorted

99. The main advantage of frequency modulation over amplitude modulation is

a. that there will be no distortion
b. that the complete information is contained in the side bands
c. that it uses a wider band of frequencies
d. the elimination of noises

100. In a frequency modulated wave

a. amplitude varies with the signal
b. frequency varies with the signal
c. amplitude and frequency vary with the signal
d. amplitude and frequency are constant

101. In _____ transmission, the frequency of the carrier signal is modulated to follow the
changing voltage level (amplitude) of the modulating signal. The peak amplitude and
phase of the carrier signal remain constant, but as the amplitude of the information signal
changes, the frequency of the carrier changes correspondingly.
A) AM
B) PM
C) FM
D) None of the above

102. In _____ transmission, the carrier signal is modulated so that its amplitude varies
with the changing amplitudes of the modulating signal.
1. AM
2. PM X
3. FM X
4. None of the above
103. The Nyquist theorem for sampling
1) Relates the conditions in time domain and frequency domain
2) Helps in quantization
3) Limits the bandwidth requirement
4) Gives the spectrum of the signal
a. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b. 1 and 2 are correct
c. 1 and 3 are correct
d. All the four are correct
104. Sampled frequency less than nyquist rate is called
a. under sampling
b. over sampling
c. critical sampling
d. nyquist sampling

105. The Nyquist theorem specifies the minimum sampling rate to be_______.
A) Equal to the lowest frequency of a signal
B) Equal to the highest frequency of a signal
C) Twice the bandwidth of a signal
D) Twice the highest frequency of a signal
106. The process of converting the analog sample into discrete form is called

a. Modulation
b. Multiplexing
c. Quantization
d. Sampling

107. The highest frequency that a sample rate can reproduce is limited, the Nyquist
Theorem states that the sample rate should be at least 2 times that of the highest desired
frequency. Therefore the highest frequency that can be reproduced using a sampling
rate of 48K per second is:

a. 20.050 Hz
b. 22.1kHz
c. 44.1KHZ
d. 24kHZ
108. Which theorem says that the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest
frequency component in the original signal?
a. Fourier Signal
b. Polar
c. Nyqusit
d. None of the above

109. If the frequency spectrum of a signal has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with

the highest frequency at 600 Hz, what should be the sampling rate,
according to the Nyquist theorem?
a. 200 samples/s
b. 500 samples/s
c. 1000 samples/s
d. 1200 samples/s

110. Nyquist sampling theorem states that

A. Sampling frequency should be equal to highest frequency of signal

B. Sampling frequency should be equal to or more than twice
the highest frequency of signal
C. Sampling frequency should be less than highest frequency of signal
D. Above conditions are not valid

111. Layer that are used to deal with mechanical and electrical specifications are
a. Physical Layer
b. Data Link Layer
c. Network Layer
d. Transport Layer

112. Network layer is responsible for the

a. Node to node communication
b. Source to destination
c. Hop to hop communication
d. both b and c
113. An internetworking device operating at the transport layer is called a
a. Bridge
b. Router
c. Repeater
d. Gateway
114. In respect of OSI model, LANs implement
a. Lower two layers
b. All seven layers
c. Upper five layers
d. None of the above

115. Flow control is the mechanism to regulate the flow of information, so that a fast
host cannot overrun a slow one. This is the function of the following OSI layer
a. All Layers
b. Physical Layer
c. Transport Layer
d. Application layer

116. The Media Access Control Sublayer resides in which OSI layer?
a. Transport
b. Network
c. Physical
d. Data Link

117. Decryption of data occurs in which OSI layer

A. Application
B. Presentation
C. Session
D. Physical

118. TELNET, FTP, SMTP, Protocols fall in the following layer of OSI reference model
A. Transport Layer
B. Internet Layer
C. Network Layer
D. Application Layer

119. UDP is ___________ protocol.

A. Connection oriented
B. Connectionless
C. None of Above
D. Both
120. Which layer links the network support layers and user support layers?
a) Session layer
b) Data link layer
c) Transport layer
d) Network layer

121. In Global Service for Mobile (GSM), each band is divided into 124 channels of
a. 200 KHz
b. 150 KHz
c. 300 KHz
d. 250 KHz

122. In Global Service for Mobile (GSM), each band is 25 MHz in width, shifted toward
a. 400 MHz
b. 650 MHz
c. 750 MHz
d. 900 MHz

123. _______ is a first-generation cellular phone system.

A) AMPS
B) D-AMPS
C) GSM
D) None of the above

124. GPRS is an extension to GSM that operates

A. Circuit-switched
B. Packet-switched
C. Both circuit and packet switched
D. None of the above
125. Why are waves with a very low frequency not used for data transmission in
computer networks?
A. They require large antennas, have lower bandwidth and are difficult to
manage in cells and frequency reuse schemes
B. They require small antennas and have higher bandwidth
C. They do not penetrate material
D. Lost immediately in the air

126. Standard GSM systems support a data rate of

A. 9.6 kbps
B. 64 kbps
C. 128 kbps
D. 256 kbps

127. LTE stands for

A. Lite Technical Edge
B. Long Term Evolution
C. Linear Technological Evolution
D. Life Time Electricity

128. Key difference in LTE (compared with older systems)

A. There is no more circuit switching
B. There is high data rate up to 100 Mbps
C. There is very low RTT up to 10 ms
D. There is no more packet switching

129. Uplink in GSM is described as

A. Communication from handset to BTS
B. Communication from BTS to handset
C. Communication from mobile to mobile
D. None of above

130. Main features of 3G include (in comparison to 2G)

A. Better voice quality
B. Higher data rates
C. Better voice quality and higher and flexible data rates
D. None of the Above