Negros Oriental State University

Capitol Area, Kagawasan Avenue, Dumaguete

City, Negros Oritenal
Main Campus I & II

Aircon Project Plan

For
Room 311 – CAS Building

Passed as partial requirement for

Prepared by:

Steve Patrick P. Besario

Lemuel Kane C. Tabornal
 Submitted to:
Engr. Marilou S. Tomentos

OVERVIEW

Air conditioning is the process of removing heat from a confined space, thus cooling the

air, and removing humidity. This process is used to achieve a more comfortable interior

environment, typically for humans; however, air conditioning is also used to cool/dehumidify

rooms filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers,

and even to display and store artwork.

In this study, the research team aims to design an air-conditioning system for Room 311 of

the CAS building, a classroom located in Negros Oriental State University due to the lack of

proper ventilation. The study includes the calculation of the total cooling load considering the

different factors and choosing the most appropriate type of air-conditioning device to provide

comfort for the students and teachers.

ESTABLISHMENT PROFILE

Establishment: CAS Building – Room 311

Location: Capitol Area, Kagawasan Ave, Dumaguete City , Negros Oriental

Occupancy: Maximum of 51 persons (including teachers)

Working Hours: 12 hours and 30 minutes

Total Floor Area: 67.5 m2

Type of Building: Third Floor of a 4 Story building

Layout:

DOCUMENTATION
Survey and Documentation
 AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN FACTORS

Heat Gained by Occupants

Maximum person in a certain time is 15; seven personnel (7) and eight (8) persons or

customers. 3 individuals are doing office work, 11 are standing and 1 doing industrial activity.

Sensible heat and latent heat gains are based on some considerations presented in the table 2.

q= (3x150) (11x150) (1x450) = 2250 watts

Sensible Heat of Occupants

q= (3x150x0.55) (11x150x0.50) (1x450x0.35) =1230 watts

Heat Gained by Walls, Window and Door

Using formulas in heat transfer through plain walls.

kΔTA
q= t

where:

q = heat gained, W

k = thermal conductivity of the material, W/m-K

𝛥T= change in temperature, K

A =area of walls, m²
 t = thickness, m

Total floor area = 5m x 9m = 45 m²

Assumed outer and inner temperature: 32˚C and 26˚C

Wall is made of general concrete

Window and door are both made of glass

a. Heat transfer (both side walls)

Wall: A =9m x 3m = 27 m²

t = 0.15m

k = 1.28 W/m-K

𝛥T = 6 K

1.28 x (305−299)x 27
q=[ ] x 2 = 𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟒. 𝟖 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
0.15

b. Heat transfer (back wall with a window)

Window: A = 2m x 1m = 2m²

Wall: A = 5m x 3m = 15m²

The area of the window, the back wall has a different value of heat transfer in which the wall

area will be subtracted to the window area.

1.28 x (305−299) x (15−2)

q=[ ] = 𝟔𝟔𝟓. 𝟔 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
0.15
 c. Heat transfer (window)

Window: A = 2m x 1m = 2m²

t = 0.005m

k = 0.96 W/m-K

𝛥T = 6 K

0.96 x (305−299)x 2
q=[ ] = 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟒 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
0.005

d. Heat transfer (door and front wall made of glass with a concrete)

Door: A =2.8m x 0.8m = 2.24m²

t = 0.008m

k = 0.96 W/m-K

𝛥T = 6 K

0.96 x (305−299)x 2.24

q=[ ] = 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟐. 𝟖 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
0.008

e. Front wall made of glass with a concrete

A (glass front wall) = 4.2m x 2.8m = 11.76m²

A (concrete) = 5m x 0.2m = 1m²

t (glass front wall)= 0.008m

 t (concrete)= 0.15m

k (glass front wall)= 0.96 W/m-K

k (concrete)= 1.28 W/m-K

𝛥T = 6 K

0.96 x (305−299) x 11.76 1.28 x (305−299)x 1

q=[ ]+ [ ] = 𝟖𝟓𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
0.008 0.15

Heat Gained by Solar Energy through a Glass Window

Officemate’s front wall and door is exposed to sun during 3:00-4:00PM. The formula

below is used to compute heat gained by solar energy through glass during the span of time the

wall and door is exposed to sunlight.

q sg = A(SHGF)(SC)(CLF)

where:

q sg = solar energy passing trough a window, W

A = area, m² exposed to sun

SHGF = solar heat gained factor for single sheet of clear glass, W/m-K

SC= shading coefficient

CLF = cooling load factor

Solution:
q sg = 14(55)(0.55)(0.52) = 𝟐𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟐 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬

Internal Heat Gain from Lights

q = (lamp capacity)(Fu )(Fb )(CLC)

where: Fu=utilization factor (fraction of installed lamps in use)

Fb= ballast factor of fluorescent lamps usually 1.2 for common fluorescent fixtures

CLC=cooling load factors for lightning

9
q = (8 watts) (13) (1.2)(0.82) = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟓 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬

Infiltration and Ventilation Loads

q is = 1.23 Q (𝑡𝑜 − 𝑡𝑖 )

q il = 3000 Q (𝑤𝑜 − 𝑤𝑖 )

where:

q is = sensible heat load due to infiltration, W

q il = latent heat load due to infiltration, W

Q= volumetric flow rate of outside air, L/s

wo =humidity ratio of outside air, kg H2O/kg

wi = humidity ratio of inside air, kg H2O/kg

 4m
q is = 1.23 (2.8m x 0.8m x ) (32 − 26) = 𝟖𝟗𝟔𝟎 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
s

4m
q il = 3000 (2.8 m x 0.8 m x ) (0.0101 − 0.0093) = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟓 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬
s

Heat Gained from Appliances

Appliance Quantity Wattage Diversity Load

Computers 3 55 0.67 110
Laser Printer 1 130 0.33 43
Biometric Scanner 1 35 1 35
CCTV 1 60 1 65
TOTAL HEAT GAINED 253 watts

SUMMARY OF CALCULATED LOADS

TOTAL SENSIBLE HEAT

Total Sensible Heat (QS)= (Heat transmitted thru floors, ceilings, walls) + (Occupant’s body heat) +

(Appliance & Light heat) + (Solar Heat gain thru glass) + (Infiltration of outside air)

Sensible Heat of Occupants 1230 watts

Heat Gained by Walls, Window and Door 15865.6 watts
Solar Heat Gain thru a Glass 220.22 watts
Internal Heat Gain from Lights 5.45 watts
Infiltration and Ventilation Loads 8960 watts
Sensible Heat from appliances 256 watts
TOTAL SENSIBLE HEAT 14252.17 watts
TOTAL LATENT HEAT

Total Latent Heat (QL)= (Moisture-laden outside air from Infiltration & Ventilation) + (Occupant

Respiration & Activities) + (Moisture from Equipment & Appliances)

Occupant Respiration & Activities 2250 watts

Moisture-laden outside air from infiltration 21 watts
TOTAL LATENT HEAT 2271 watts

TOTAL REQUIRED THERMAL COOLING LOAD

Total Cooling Load (QT) = QS + QL = 14252.17 + 2271 = 17023.17 watts

CONCLUSION

After thorough calculation, analysis, consideration of the factors that may affect the air-

conditioning system, the research team come up with a design that is most suitable for

Officemate.

The research team recommends the Koppel, split- type, wall mounted ERA series. (See

appendix for specifications and manual.) We choose this type and brand because it is eco-

friendly, it is energy saving, it has HD Filter. It also promotes saving the environment and most

importantly, it is available in Dumaguete City.

 REFERENCES

ASHRAE Mechanical Pocket Guide Pdf

www.koppel.ph
 APPENDIX

Table 1. Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for lightning

Hours after lights Fixture X, Hours of operation Fixture Y, Hours of operation

are turned on 10 16 10 16
0 0.08 0.19 0.01 0.05
1 0.62 0.72 0.76 0.79
2 0.66 0.75 0.81 0.83
3 0.69 0.77 0.84 0.87
4 0.73 0.80 0.87 0.89
5 0.75 0.82 0.90 0.91
6 0.78 0.84 0.92 0.93
7 0.80 0.85 0.93 0.94
8 0.82 0.87 0.95 0.95
9 0.84 0.88 0.96 0.96
10 0.85 0.89 0.97 0.97
11 0.32 0.90 0.22 0.98
12 0.29 0.91 0.18 0.98
13 0.26 0.92 0.14 0.98
14 0.23 0.93 0.12 0.99
15 0.21 0.94 0.09 0.99
16 0.19 0.94 0.08 0.99
17 0.17 0.40 0.06 0.24
18 0.15 0.36 0.05 0.20
Fixture X: recessed lights, not vented, supply and return air registers below the ceiling of through
the ceiling space and griller.

Fixture Y: vented or free hanging lights; air registers below or through the ceilings, return air
registers around the fixtures and through the ceiling space.

Table 2. Heat Gain from Occupants

Activity Heat Gain, W Sensible Heat, %

Sleeping 70 75
Seated quietly 100 60
Standing 150 50
Walking, 3km/hour 305 35
Office work 150 55
Teaching 175 50
Retail Shop 185 50
Industrial 300-600 35
 3. Values of Infiltration Constants

Quality of Construction a b c
Tight 0.15 0.010 0.007
Average 0.20 0.015 0.14
Loose 0.25 0.20 0.022

Table 4. Sensible-Heat Cooling Load Factors for People

Hours after Total Hours in Space

Entry 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
1 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.58 0.62
2 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.70
3 0.17 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.69 0.70 0.72 0.75
4 0.13 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.79
5 0.10 0.27 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.82
6 0.08 0.21 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.85
7 0.07 0.16 0.34 0.8 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.87
8 0.06 0.14 0.26 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88
9 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.38 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90
10 0.04 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.91
11 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.42 0.91 0.91 0.92
12 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.21 0.34 0.92 0.92 0.93
13 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.18 0.28 0.45 0.93 0.94
14 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.23 0.36 0.94 0.95
15 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.47 0.95
16 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.25 0.38 0.96
17 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.21 0.31 0.49
18 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.26 0.39

Table 5. Space per Occupant

Type of Space Occupancy

Residence 2-6 occupants
Office 10-15 m2 per occupant
Retail 3-5 m2 per occupant
School 2.5 m2 per occupant
Auditorium 1.0 m2 per occupant
 Table 6. Maximum Solar-Heat Gain Factor for Sunlight Glass

Month N/shade NE/NW E/W SE/SW S Hor

32° North Latitude
Dec 69 69 510 775 795 500
Jan, Nov 75 90 550 785 775 55
Feb, Oct 85 205 645 780 700 685
Mar, Sept 100 330 695 700 545 780
Apr, Aug 115 450 700 580 355 845
May, July 120 530 685 480 230 865
June 140 555 675 440 109 870
42° North Latitude
Dec 57 57 475 730 800 355
Jan, Nov 63 63 480 755 795 420
Feb, Oct 80 155 575 760 750 505
Mar, Sept 95 285 660 730 640 690
Apr, Aug 110 435 690 630 475 790
May, July 120 515 690 545 350 830
June 150 540 680 510 300 840

Table 7. Shading Coefficients

No indoor Venetian Blades Roller Shades

Types of Glass Thickness, mm
shading Med Light Med Light
Single Glass
Regular Sht 3 1.00 0.64 0.55 0.59 0.25
Plate 6-12 0.95 0.64 0.55 0.59 0.25
Heat-absorbing 6 0.70 0.57 0.53 0.40 0.30
10 0.50 0.54 0.52 0.40 0.28
Double Glass
Regular 3 0.90 0.57 0.51 0.60 0.25
Plate 6 0.83 0.57 0.51 0.60 0.25
Reflective 6 0.2-0.4 0.20-0.33
 Table 8. Cooling Load Factors of Glass with Interior Shading (North Latitudes)

Solar time Window Facing

(hours) N NE S SE S SW W NW Hor
6 0.73 0.56 0.47 0.30 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.12
7 0.66 0.76 0.72 0.57 0.16 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.27
8 0.65 0.74 0.80 0.74 0.26 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.44
9 0.73 0.58 0.76 0.81 0.38 0.16 0.13 0.17 0.59
10 0.80 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.58 0.19 0.15 0.19 0.72
11 0.86 0.29 0.41 0.68 0.75 0.22 0.17 0.20 0.81
12 0.84 0.27 0.27 0.49 0.83 0.38 0.17 0.21 0.85
13 0.89 0.26 0.24 0.33 0.80 0.59 0.31 0.22 0.85
14 0.86 0.24 0.22 0.28 0.68 0.75 0.53 0.30 0.81
15 0.82 0.22 0.20 0.25 0.50 0.83 0.72 0.52 0.71
16 0.75 0.20 0.17 0.22 0.35 0.81 0.82 0.73 0.58
17 0.78 0.16 0.14 0.18 0.27 0.69 0.81 0.82 0.42
18 0.91 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.19 0.45 0.61 0.69 0.25

Table 9. Cooling Load Estimates for Various Office Load Densities

Light Load Density Wattage Diversity Load, W

Computers 55 0.67 36.85

Monitors 55 0.67 36.85
Laser-Printer 130 0.33 42.9
Fax Machine 15 0.67 10.05

Table 10. Thermal Conductivity

Material Thermal Conductivity (W/m K)

Brick, common (Building brick) 0.621
Brick, fire 0.47
Brick, insulating 0.15
General concrete 1.28
Concrete, light 0.1-0.3
Concrete, stone 1.7
Concrete, medium 0.4-0.7
Cement 0.29
Glass 1.05
Glass, window 0.96